CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Social media applications have ingrained themselves into contemporary culture,

and in recent years, much emphasis has been paid to how these applications affect people's

behavior and way of life. Young adults' increasing use of social media sites like Facebook,

Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat has sparked worries about possible negative impacts on

behavior and lifestyle, particularly among students. While using social media helps people

connect with others, interact, and share ideas, it has also been linked to unfavorable effects

like poorer academic performance, mental health problems, and an increase in violence.

According to research, social media addiction can negatively affect people's daily

lives and result in unrestrained use that degrades mental and academic performance

(Andreassen et al., 2017). Research has also shown how common cyberbullying is among

young adults. This type of harassment or bullying occurs through electronic

communication and can cause a great deal of emotional pain, negatively affecting students'

mental health and academic performance (Kowalski et al., 2014). Also, using social media

has been associated with a sedentary lifestyle and less physical activity, which can be

detrimental to general health and wellbeing (Pengpid & Peltzer, 2020).

Yet, social media usage has also been linked to advantageous results. Social media,

for instance, can improve social skills by giving people a place to connect and communicate

with one another. According to studies, using social media can lead to better mental health

outcomes, such as less symptoms of anxiety and despair (Baker & Algorta, 2016).
 With an increasing incorporation into the curriculum, social media usage among

students has significantly expanded in the Philippines in recent years. As a result, it is

critical to comprehend how social media influences students in Grade 12 at MMSU-

conduct LHS's and lifestyle, especially as they approach adulthood. It is crucial for

educators, parents, and legislators to comprehend how social media affects kids' behavior

and lives in order to establish policies that minimize any potential bad consequences and

increase the positive ones.

The patterns of social media use among students and how it affects their academic

achievement, social abilities, mental health, and physical activity will be looked at in this

study. The study will also investigate how the students view social media and how it affects

their behavior and way of life.

Ultimately, this study will shed light on how social media use affects students'

behavior and lives, assist in creating policies for its use in the classroom, and add to the

increasing body of research on social media and education.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effects of social media applications on the

behavior and lifestyle of Grade 12 MMSU-LHS students.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following:

1. How do social media applications influence the leisure activities and social

behaviors of Grade 12 MMSU-LHS students in terms of:

a) Time Management

b) Exposure to social interaction

c) Engagement to leisure activities

2. What are the psychological and emotional impacts of social media applications on

the behavior and lifestyles of Grade 12 MMSU-LHS students in terms of:

a) Eating Habits

b) Sleep Patterns

c) Level of physical activity

d) Communication

e) Social Interaction

f) Work

3. How do social media applications affect the social and interpersonal relationships

of Grade 12 MMSU-LHS students, both online and offline?

Significance of the Study

This study will be conducted to identify and assess the effects of social media

applications on the behavior and lifestyle of Grade 12 students in Mariano Marcos State

University - Laboratory High School Laoag Campus. This study will also help in

determining the effect of media and technology usage to the attitudes of people in general.

This study is benefited to the following

To the researchers. This study would be important to the researchers to know the

effects of social media applications to the behavior and lifestyle of students. This stuff
would also enhance the researchers' concepts and thoughts for them to learn new

knowledge and skills.

To the students. This study would benefit the students for them to know the effects

of social media applications on their lifestyle and behavior.

To the teachers. This research would help the teachers in giving them an idea on

the effects of social media applications on the lifestyle and behavior of their students.

To the community. This research would be beneficial for the community as

knowing the effects of social media applications on their lifestyle and behavior can be

beneficial for them to control their use of these social media applications.

Scope and Delimitations

This study will be focusing on the applications, reasons, and effects of the

respondents. The researchers will be using the Likert Scale to measure the different

opinions and experiences of the responding. According to a study conducted by Bertnam,

Dane (2007), the Likert scale is a psychological tool frequently used in surveys to evaluate

a person's preferences or the extent of their agreement with a statement or group of

statements. It is a type of scaling technique that doesn't involve comparisons and only

measures a single characteristic. Participants express their level of agreement with a given

statement using an ordinal scale.

The respondents in this study are Grade 12 students from Mariano Marcos State

University Laboratory High School Laoag Campus, as they are at a stage of life where they

are transitioning into adulthood, it is key for them to be aware of how social media has

become widespread and how it affects their lives.

Respondents - Grade 12 students who complete a questionnaire for the

researcher, or who provide data to be analyzed for the research study.

Gender - socially constructed behaviors of women and men.

Grade 12 - refers to the final year of secondary education in the Philippines,

typically taken by students who are 17-18 years old.

Types of social media platforms - refers to the different online platforms used

by the Grade 12 MMSU-LHS students for social media, such as Facebook, Twitter,

Instagram, and TikTok.

Behavior - focus on how behaviors change

Mood - type of change of moods

Lifestyle - the habits, attitudes, tastes, and moral standards that together constitute

the mode of living of students.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter contains literature and studies that gave insights and clarification to

the researchers in conducting this study.

Social Media

Social media has been defined differently in many ways by different people since

it comes in many forms. It can be defined as an online tool for sharing information and

connecting with others. In a book called “The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History

of Social Media” by Jose Van Dijck (2013), examines the development of social media

from the beginning of the twenty-first century to 2012. It offers both a historical and critical

analysis of how networking services came to be in the context of a shifting connective

media ecosystem. presenting a dual analytical lens for analyzing the socio-economic and

techno-cultural dimensions of social media. Although each of these microsystems has a

specific place in the greater ecosystem of connective media, they all share similar

ideological tenets in terms of how they code interfaces, direct users, filter content, regulate

themselves, and structure their revenue models. This study shows how norms for online

engagement and communication gradually altered by reconstructing the foundations upon

which these platforms are based. "Friending," "liking," "following," "trending," and

"favoriting" are all social media terms.

In a book called “Kids and Media in America” by Donald F. Roberts, Ulla G. Foehr

(2004), young people’s environment has changed in several ways, each of which has

affected the kinds of information available and/or how youth interpret that information and

integrate it into their belief systems. Changes include increases in both the number and
kinds of media available, in the number of choices each medium offers, in the fidelity with

which symbols and images can be transmitted, and in the degree of privacy with which

each medium can be experienced.

A book by Tessa Morris-Suzuki (2005), Historical truthfulness, then, requires a

shared effort to make history more accessible, both by using the potential of existing media

to the full and, at times, by attacking the systems of privilege that generate unequal

exchanges of knowledge. The emergence of new media like the Internet can open up new

ways to overcome existing monopolies of knowledge. But at the same time, the legally

enforced private ownership of knowledge is increasingly used to prevent the critical

examination of certain versions of history. History teaching and research comes under

growing pressure from the worldwide tendency towards the privatization of higher

education. Yet those of us who engage in the creation of historical knowledge have perhaps

greater opportunities than ever before to combine the uses of varied media and to explore

new ways of communicating that knowledge beyond the narrow confines of the lecture

theater.

Different Types of Social Media Applications

Social media applications refer to software and online platforms that enable users

to create, share, and exchange user-generated content and information with others through

virtual networks and communities. But not all applications serve one purpose and are

classified by their primary uses. These classifications include:

Platforms that allow users to connect with each other and communicate in

various ways, such as messaging, commenting, and posting updates.

Communication can be either one-to-one or one-to-many.

 Facebook Messenger

 WhatsApp

 Snapchat

Entertainment

Platforms that provide users with a variety of entertainment options,

including videos, music, games, and memes.

 YouTube

 Twitch

 Reddit

Information Sharing

Platforms that are often used for sharing information, such as news,

opinions, and research findings. This can be done through text, images, or

videos.

 Twitter

 Quora

 Facebook
Factors That Influence Social Media Use Among Adolescents

The increased use of social media among adolescents is a complex phenomenon

influenced by various factors. According to a study by Best and Manktelow (2014), peer

pressure is a significant social factor that contributes to the increased use of social media

among adolescents. As students, we feel a strong pressure to conform to our peers'

expectations, which can lead to a higher level of social media use.

In a study by Subrahmanyam et al. (2018), curiosity was identified as a significant

social factor that drives adolescents' social media use. Adolescents are naturally curious

and have a strong desire to explore the world around them, and social media platforms

offer a vast amount of information and opportunities for exploration.

According to a study by Kircaburun et al. (2019), entertainment is an essential

social factor that contributes to the increased use of social media among adolescents.

Adolescents are naturally drawn to social media for entertainment purposes, and they are

more likely to use social media when they are bored or seeking entertainment.

In a similar study by Duggan and Smith (2013), communication was identified as

a significant social factor driving adolescents' social media use. Because of technology

slowly becoming essential to us humans, we were bound to evolve and use social media as

a means of communication whenever we want to talk to someone who we cannot physically

see.

Identity development was also identified as an important social factor driving

adolescents' social media use in a study by Boyd and Ellison (2007). Many people believe

that this is the primary reason for the use of social media, as a means of self-expression,
exploring different aspects of their identity and finding a sense of belonging within online

communities.

Positive Effects of Social Media

According to a study by Qingya Wang, Wei Chen, and Yu Liang (2011). Their

premise is that social media platforms will continue to expand in popularity. Technology

plays a crucial role in today's equation for student achievement. This illustrative, An

exploratory study's random sample (N=48) of males (n=26) and females was chosen. n=22

students who received a student impression survey on how social media college students

are impacted. The information they gathered from the anonymous questionnaire revealed

that the majority of Students in college love to use social media, thus they spend a lot of

time checking social media. College students love Facebook despite the fact that every time

they had class, students would use it. 90% of students were busy throughout class. Fewer

college students than expected favored utilizing social media for fun use media to complete

their schoolwork. Of the sample, 80% acknowledged that they use social media when doing

schoolwork. Indeed, it has had an impact on them. And on their grades.

This study conducted by Ellison, N.B., Steinfield, C., and Lampe, C., (2007),

investigates the connection between Facebook use and the creation and preservation of

social capital. They investigated a component of social capital, maintained social capital,

which evaluates one's capacity to keep connections with members of a previously inhabited

group in addition to bonding and bridging social capital. Using data from a poll of

undergraduate students (N=286), the regression analysis shows a substantial correlation

between Facebook use and the three forms of social capital, with bridging social capital

showing the strongest effect. Also, it was discovered that Facebook use interacted with
psychological well-being measures, indicating that it might be more beneficial for users

who are struggling with poor self-esteem and a lack of life satisfaction.

Negative Effects of Social Media

According to a study conducted by Brian A. Primack et.al (2017) Even after

controlling for a wide range of factors, such as total time spent on social media, we

discovered strong linear correlations between increased usage of various social media

platforms and both self-reported sadness and anxiety among a cohort of people aged 19 to

32 who are nationally representative. Importantly, the originally strong correlation between

time spent on social media and depressed and anxiety symptoms did not hold true in either

of the multivariable models. Even after adjusting for total time spent on social media, use

of several social media platforms is independently linked to depressive and agitation

symptoms. Given the strength of these relationships, it may be beneficial for physicians to

inquire about multiple platform use and offer advice regarding this potential contributing

factor from patients who are depressed or anxious. In actuality, more connections with

outcomes were shown to be associated with using numerous social media platforms than

with using time spent on social media as a whole.

This study looks at how Facebook usage affects how people view the lives of others.

First of all It is asserted that those who use Facebook more frequently will view other

people differently than people who use it less frequently for two reasons. First, Facebook

users frequently base their judgments on examples that they can recall (the availability

heuristic). Second, Facebook users frequently ascribe positive material to people's

personalities rather than situational considerations (correspondence bias), particularly

favorably on Facebook. Individuals frequently display themselves favorably on

Facebook.According to the results of the multivariate analysis shown in the research, those

who had been using Facebook for a longer period of time agreed more that others were

happier and less that life is fair, and people who spent more time on Facebook each week

agreed more that others had happier and better lives. Also, those who added more strangers

to their Facebook "friends" list expressed a stronger belief that others' lives were better

than their own.

Social Media Use Among Adolescents

According to a study by Xie, Sukumar, and Chen (2016), study found that social

media use among international students was significantly associated with their health

behaviors. Specifically, frequent social media use was associated with unhealthy eating

habits, physical inactivity, and poor sleep quality. The study also found that students who

used social media more often were more likely to experience stress, which could negatively

impact their overall health. However, the study did not find a significant association

between social media use and substance use.

Current Research Limitations and Future Directions

Hefner and Eisenberg (2017) identified several limitations of previous research on

social media and adolescent behavior. These limitations include the reliance on self-

reported measures of social media use and behavior, which can be biased by social

desirability and inaccurate recall. Additionally, many previous studies have focused on

narrow outcomes and used cross-sectional designs that cannot establish causality or
directionality of effects. Social media use has often been treated as a monolithic construct,

without considering differences in platforms or patterns of use. Finally, few studies have

examined the role of individual differences in the relationship between social media use

and adolescent behavior, such as gender, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. (Hefner &

Eisenberg, 2017)
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This section presents the research process that was used in this study. It outlines the

methods that were utilized, as well as the rationale for their selection. This chapter also

discusses the various phases of the research, including participant selection, data collection,

and data analysis. Furthermore, this chapter explains how the researchers addressed

reflexivity in qualitative research. Lastly, it discusses the validity and reliability of the

study and how these two requirements were achieved.

Research Design

This study uses a quantitative research design, which aims to examine the effects

of social media applications on the behavior and lifestyles of Grade 12 MMSU-LHS

students. Specifically, a questionnaire survey design will be used to collect data from the

population. This design allows for the collection of data at a single point in time, providing

a snapshot of the population's behavior and lifestyles regarding social media use.

Population & Sampling

The population for this study is Grade 12 students of MMSU-LHS. A census will

be conducted, and all 50 students will be invited to participate in the study. A response rate

of at least 80% is expected.

Research Instrument

The research instrument used in this study is a self-administered questionnaire. The

questionnaire will be developed based on a review of the literature and will include
questions about the students' social media use, behavior, and lifestyle. The questionnaire

will be pre-tested to ensure its validity and reliability

Research Process

The questionnaire will be administered to the Grade 12 students of MMSU-LHS.

The questionnaire will be distributed in paper form and will take approximately 10-15

minutes to complete. The completed questionnaires will be collected and checked for

completeness and consistency.