Unit 1: Introduction To Java
for(initialize counter; condition; increment/decrement counter)
{
// Statements that will execute till the above condition is true
// If the condition is false, controls flows out of this block
}
while (condition)
{
// code block to be executed
}
do{
//code to be executed / loop body
//update statement
}while (condition);
⚫ The switch
statement is a
multi-way branch
statement. In
simple
words, the Java switch
statement executes
one statement from
multiple conditions. It
is like
an if-else-if
ladder statement.
The Java if statement is used to test the condition.
It checks boolean condition: true or false.
There are various types of if statement in Java.
if statement
◦ if-else statement
◦ if-else-if statement
◦ if-else-if ladder
◦ nested if statement
if(condition){
//code to be executed
}
if(condition){
//code if condition is
true
}else{
//code if condition is
false
}
if(condition1){
//code to be executed if
condition1 is true
}else if(condition2){
//code to be executed if
condition2 is true
}
else if(condition3){
//code to be executed if
condition3 is true
}
...
else{
//code to be executed if all
the conditions are false
}
if(condition){
//code to be executed
if(condition){
//code to be exe
cuted
}
}
An array is a collection of similar type of elements which has
contiguous memory location.
Java array is an object which contains elements of a similar data
type.
Additionally, The elements of an array are stored in a contiguous
memory location.
Storage of arrays helps us randomly access the elements of an array.
Advantages:
Code Optimization
Random access
Easy to manipulate and store large data.
Disadvantages:
Can store a single type of primitives only.
Fixed size. Can not be increased or decrease once declared.
Way Of Increase An Array Size:
Increase an Array Size by Creating Another New Array in Java
Increase the Array Size Using the Arrays.copyOf() Method in Java
Increase the Array Size Using the ArrayList Array in Java
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Main
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numberArray = { 12, 24, 63, 45 };
System.out.println("Array before ReSize: ");
for (int i = 0; i < numberArray.length; i++) {
System.out.println(numberArray[i]);
}
numberArray = Arrays.copyOf(numberArray, 6);
numberArray[4] = 11;
numberArray[5] = 55;
System.out.println("Array after ReSize: ");
for (int i = 0; i < numberArray.length; i++) {
System.out.println(numberArray[i]);
}
}
Types of Array in java:
There are two types of array.
1. Single Dimensional Array
2. Multidimensional Array
Single Dimensional Array:
Syntax:
dataType[] arr; (or)
dataType arr[];
Instantiating an Array:
var-name = new type [size];
Example:
int[] intArray = new int[20];
Array Literal
◦ In a situation where the size of the array and variables of the array
are already known, array literals can be used.
Example:
int[] intArray = new int[]{ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 };
// Declaring array literal
Arrays of Objects
An array of objects is created like an array of primitive-type data
items in the following way.
Example:
Stud[] s=new Stud[5];
Multidimensional Array:
Syntax:
dataType[][] arr; (or)
dataType arr[][];
Example:
int[][] arr = new int[20][30];
The java command-line argument is an argument i.e. passed at the
time of running the java program.
The arguments passed from the console can be received in the java
program and it can be used as an input.
So, it provides a convenient way to check the behaviour of the
program for the different values. You can pass N (1,2,3 and so on)
numbers of arguments from the command prompt.
class CmdExample
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Your first argument is: "+args[0]);
}
}
