NACE CIP 2

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1. 2 major classes of rubber: Natural- derived from latex obtained 11. Concrete may be coated for several reasons including::
from Hevea trees and is coagulated with acetic or formic acid. Decoration
Unsaturated hydrocarbon known as polyisoprene Waterproofing
Synthetic- any one of a group of man made elastomers with Enhancing chemical resistance
one or more of the properties of natural rubber. Protection from freeze-thaw cycles
2. Advanced environmental testing instruments have the ability Protection from reinforcing steel
to store data that can be transferred to a computer and Decontamination
other devices. Transfer methods include: USB, IR, Bluetooth Surface sealer
Protection against abrasion and erosion
3. Advantages and disadvantages of plural component airless
Color coding
spray over single piston airless spray systems: Advantages:
Protecting purity of water or other products contained
Accurate mixing of materials without human element
Improving and simplifying cleaning
Ability to spray very thick solvent free materials without
Skid resistance
thinner
The ability to spray materials with very short pot life 12. Concrete surface prep standard: NACE 6 / SSPC-SP 13, Joint
Disadvantages: surface prep standard for Surface Preparation of Concrete
Cost is much higher than cost of single piston pump 13. Construction materials may include, but not limited to: Steel
Higher education requirement for the Mechanic Aluminum
High voltage electricity is required for the heaters Stainless
Applicators job more difficult with multiple hoses Plastic
4. The advantages of coal tar enamel pipeline coatings include: 14. Describe air turns (air changes): The air turnover principal
Ease of application illuminates air stratification, or layering, in large open spaces
Long life in some environments by recirculating the hot air that becomes trapped in the higher
5. The advantages of waterjetting and wet abrasive blasting on spaces.
concrete including: Fast cutting of the surface The number of times it does this per hour is called air turns.
Washing dust away 15. Describe cathodic disbondment: The separation of the coating
Reducing abrasive and concrete particles in the air. from the surface through hydroxyl formation due to increased (
6. At & below what relative humidity does corrosion virtually made more negative ) potential.
cease: 40% 16. Describe cathodic protection: Cathodic protection is the
7. Cathodic disbondment test: Accelerated procedures to reduction or elimination of corrosion by making the structure
determine the comparative degree to which the tested coating to be protected a cathode by means of impressed current or
may be loosened from the substrate, or may develop holidays attachment to a galvanic anode
as a result of the action of normal soil potentials and / or 17. Describe common reasons that wood might be painted:
impressed current cathodic protection Decoration
8. Centrifugal blasting conveyor systems are commonly used Protection
for cleaning: Plate, rolled structural shapes, large trusses, Sealing
girders Stabilization
Preservation
9. Common characteristics of FBE include: Typically green or red
Flame retardance
and looks like "painted finish"
May be a single layer or two layer "dual powder" 18. Describe dehumidification: Dehumidification is the process of
DFT from 10-20 mils removing moisture vapor from the air to lower its dew point
10. Concrete coating characteristics include:: Used in conjunction 19. Describe galvanic corrosion: Galvanic corrosion is an
with other coatings such as FBE electrochemical action of two dissimilar metals in the presence
Used to reduce buoyancy so pipe will sink of an electrolyte and an electron conductive path, Which
Can be applied in many thicknesses occurs when the dissimilar metals come into contact
Can be applied to any diameter of pipe
20. Describe normal surface preparation requirements for 29. Destructive tests for heat shrink sleeves include: Holiday
installation of a lining: With a lining the normal requirement detection (if voltage set too high)
for surface preparation for new surfaces is cleaning in Peel test. A 1" wide strip cut, pulled from pipe
accordance to SA3/NACE1/SSPC5 White Metal Blast Cleaning. 30. DFT of coating on concrete can be measured by: Estimated
You may see the requirement for SA2.5/NACE2/SSPC10 Near from WFT
White Metal Blast Cleaning when performing maintenance Estimated from quantity of coating used
work. Waterjetting is only used for lining work when a surface Verified by a paint inspection gauge (took)
profile already exists. However you may see a requirement to Determined by a modified gauge based on ultrasound
water wash or jet to remove soluble contaminants and then
31. Difference between Laitance and Efflorescence: Laitance- is
abrasive blast. In some cases you may find it necessary to
the weak surface layer of water rich cement mixture on the
abrasive blast a surface then wash it and blast again. This
surface of fresh concrete caused by the upward movement of
could be repeated several times before an acceptable result is
water.
achieved.
21. Describe passivation: Passivation is the formation of a Efflorescence- is caused by moisture passing through the
protective oxide Film on the surface reducing its chemical concrete and carrying soluble concrete salts with it to the
activity and its ability to corrode surface. The salts react with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
22. Describe several benefits of dehumidification: Dries the air. creating a fluffy white crystalline deposit on the surface
Lowers the dew point. Permits blasting the entire surface. 32. The disadvantages of coal tar enamel pipeline coatings
Holds the blast with dry air. Helps in cleaning the surface. include: Subject to Corrosion and damage from soil stress
Holds the surface during coating application. Environmental and exposure concerns
23. Describe the following factors and how they affect Use of coal tar is regulated in some locations
corrosion: Oxygen: oxygen increases the rate of corrosion 33. Disadvantages of waterjetting include: Leaves no profile
temperature Equipment is very expensive
Temperature: corrosion usually accelerated with increasing Danger of UHP hose breaking
temperature Danger of injection into skin or serious cuts
Chemical salts: increase the rate of corrosion by increasing the Collecting and disposing of the contaminated water
efficiency of the electrolyte Proficient operator
humidity: the wetter the environment, the more corrosion is
34. The efficiency of the centrifugal blast wheels depends on
likely to occur pollutants and acid gases: all promote
several factors: Abrasive operating mix, size of the abrasive,
corrosion
velocity of the abrasive coming off the wheel, quantity and
24. Describe the proper safe accurate operating procedure for direction of the thrown abrasive, condition of the feed parts.
a low voltage holiday detector: Ground cable is attached
35. Electronic hygrometers can be used to determine: Relative
directly to substrate
humidity, air temperature, and dewpoint temperature.
Sponge saturated with a solution of tap water / wetting agent
Maximum rate of 1 linear ft/s 36. Explain the difference between NSB and SDO: National
Used on coatings up to 20 mils standards body- used to refer to the one per country
May be used on concrete standardization organization which is that country's
membership to Internal Organization for Standardization (ISO)
25. Describe the two broad curing categories of powder
Standards Developing Organization- refers to the thousands of
coatings: Thermoplastic- materials that soften when heated
industry or sector based standards organization that develop
and return to their original hardness when cooled.
and publish industry specific standards
Thermosetting- materials that harden when heated and retain
their hardness when cooled. 37. Explain the procedure for ASTM 4263: ASTM 4263, standard
test method for indicating moisture in concrete by the plastic
26. Describe two of the considerations with regards to "back
sheet Method.
thrust": Causes fatigue and should 1/3 of operators body
A segment of 4.0 mil thick, clear polyethylene sheet
weight
approximately 18in x 18in is taped over the concrete to be
27. Describe two ways to reduce the relative humidity of the tested so that the concrete is tightly sealed from the
boundary layer: Increase the surface temperature and reduce atmosphere and sunlight. The test patch is allowed to remain a
moisture content by dehumidification minimum of 16 hours.
28. Describe wicking and how it may negatively affect a coating
system?: The negative effect reinforcing has on a resin is the
ability of a liquid to travel along the fibers path (wicking) and
cause Corrosion to the substrate, blisters, or delamination of
the system.
38. Explain the purpose of both caustic cleaning and acid 48. Generally centrifugal blast systems are composed of the
pickling: Caustic cleaning- the steel is immersed in caustic following elements: Centrifugal abrasive throwing wheel, the
solution to remove the dirt, oil, and grease from the surface of blast cabinet, in fixed systems some type of material handling
the steel system, abrasive recycling system, a dust collector and vent
Pickling- the process where the item being prepared is pipe system, abrasives.
immersed in a tank filled with either hydrochloric or sulphuric 49. Guniting: process of spraying or slinging shotcrete onto a
acid, which removes oxides and mill scale surface as a coating to restore concrete to its original grade.
39. Faying surfaces: Surfaces that depend on friction to hold the 50. hot-dip galvanizing: Process of coating iron or steel with a thin
structural elements in place should not be hot dip galvanized, zinc layer, by passing the steel through a molten bath of zinc
because this treatment greatly reduces the possible coefficient at a temperature of around 820-860
of friction between surfaces
51. How does concrete cure: Hydration
40. The FBE application process includes: Preheating the pipe
52. impressed current power sources include:: 1. Generators 2.
Grit or shot blast the area to Nace 2
Fuel cells 3. Wind powered cells 4. Thermoelectric cells 5.
Optional- pre treat the area with acid bath
Rectified commercial power 6. Solar Cells
Heat the pipe to the specified temperature
53. In the coating industry a lining is described as: A coating that
Apply the FBE coating
is used in an immersion surface
Curing the FBE coating application
Quench the coating in a fresh water bath 54. Life cycle of a coating system can be affected by:: steel in
Stencil question, cost, service atmosphere, product and maintenance
41. Feathering: Is performed at the repaired area by working the 55. List individuals who may be qualified to perform a coating
edges of the repaired area back, to achieve a fairly smooth survey: Nace certified offshore Corrosion / coatings
transition from the repair area to the sound coating assessment training (OCAT) or shipboard Corrosion coating
42. A few safety issues the inspector should know when assessment training (SCAT) Technician (most qualified)
working around hot dip galvanizing are: Hot dipped articles Certified Nace coating specialist
stay hot and to make sure the article is cool before touching it Nace certified coating inspector - level 3
Molten metal can splash out of the kettle and travel some Coating inspector, not level 3 but qualified by field experience
distance Coating manufacturers technical representative with adequate
Nascent hydrogen may burn off in the air above the kettle field experience
Maintenance engineer with extensive knowledge of the plant
43. The following materials can be used to repair FBE: Epoxy
or facility
FBE melt sticks
Liquid epoxy 56. List some examples of convertible cured coatings: Alkyds
Repair patches Epoxy coatings
Heat shrink sleeves Polyester / vinyl ester coatings
Polyurethane
44. The functions of the centrifugal blasting machine separator
Polyureas
include: To control the sizing of the abrasive mix, to remove
Silicone coatings
sand, spent abrasives, rust, dirt, and any other contaminants
Inorganic zinc
from the abrasive stream, to control abrasive consumption
57. List some examples of non convertible coatings: Chlorinated
45. Galvanizing kettle operating temp: 820-860
rubber
46. The general application process for coal tar enamel Vinyl coatings
includes: Prime the pipe Acrylic coatings
Apply coal tar enamel dope Bituminous coatings
Wrap the application with fiber glass mat
Apply a second layer of CTE dope
Wrap the application with a second layer of glass fiber mat
Apply an outer wrap of coal tar impregnated glass fiber felt
Cool the application
47. A general description of robotic water jetting includes:
Attaches using vacuum, cables, or magnets
Vertical, Horizontal or overhead surface
Controlled by single operator
Collects in excess 95% of the water, removed coatings and
rust (waste generated)
58. List some of the common problems which may be noted 67. Mandatory standards: Standard that requires compliance
during the visual inspections of hot dip galvanized items: because of a government statute or regulation, an organization
Articles in contact internal policy, or contractual requirement.
Rough coatings 68. Methods used to cure (vulcanize) rubber are: Autoclave
Excess aluminum (vulcanizer) cure
Dross protrusion Internal steam cure
Lumpiness and runs Atmospheric steam cure (also called exhaust steam cure)
Uneven drainage Hot water cure
Flux inclusions Chemical cure
Ash inclusions
69. Name and define the three NACE standards classification:
Dull-gray galvanized coating
Standard Practice (SP)
Rust stains
Test Method (TM)
Wet storage stains
Material Requirement (MR)
59. List some of the specialized test or equipment that may be
70. Non destructive tests for heat shrink sleeves included:
encountered by the coating inspector, particularly if
Visual inspection
involved in the investigation of coating failures: Atomic
Physical inspection
Absorption/ Emission (AA/AE) and induced coupled plasma
Holiday detection
(ICP) spectrophotometers
71. Non-Ferrous substrates include:: 1. Stainless steel 2. Nickel 3.
Gas liquid chromatographs (GLC)
Copper/Nickel alloys 4. Aluminum 5. Aluminum bronzes 6.
Infrared spectrophotometers (IR and FTIR, and FTIR-ATR
Copper 7. Bronzes 8. Brass 9. Tin 10. Cadmium 11. Lead 12.
Differential Scanning Calorimeters (DSC)
Magnesium 13. Zinc (includes hot-dipped galvanizing and
60. List standards that may be used for dry film measurement of
thermal spray)
coatings over concrete: ASTM-D6132-97 standard test
72. Outline step in the process for performing a simple coating
method for nondestructive measurement of DFT of applied
survey: Have a clear understanding of the scope
organic coatings over concrete using and ultrasonic gage
Gather the team
SSPC-PA-9 Measurement of dry coating thickness of
Develop a survey plan
cementitious substrates
Review required standards for test
61. List the several major stages of the hot dip process: Surface
Agree on format
preparation
Delegate various task to team members if necessary
Fluxing
Evaluate the existing coating
Dipping
Gather additional information per the survey plan
Post treatments
Summarizing the data and ensure they are accurate, factual
Inspection
and correspond to reference / appropriate standards
62. Little amperage readings on a centrifugal blasting machine Preparing plans for performing the maintenance work required
could signify: An abrasive starved wheel, a flooded or choked Prepare reports / input data in database
wheel Submit final survey reports
63. Lost some of the primary reasons surveys are performed: 73. Pipeline coatings field joints include: Heat shrink sleeves
Aid in planning future maintenance Insulation half shells
Work prioritization Field foam
Budgetary purposes Liquid epoxies
Aid in determining assets value Cold applied tapes
Legal compliance Hot applied tapes
64. Maintenance coating operations are defined as: Applying FBE field joints
coatings over a substrate that has been installed in its final Petrolatum (wax) tapes
environment and has been placed in service 74. Polyethylene (PE) can be extruded by: Side extrusion for
65. Maintenance coating selection process should take the large diameter pipe
following into consideration: Compatible with existing Crosshead extrusion
coating system 75. Portable centrifugal blasting systems can be used on: Ship
Condition of existing coating decks, hull sides, and bottoms. Storage tanks. Concrete floors.
Limitations on surface preparation Highways and bridge decks.
Manufacturers recommendation
66. The majority of the pipes coated at a facilty or plant and
shipped to site are called:: Plant applied
76. Poured concretes can be affected by: Ambient conditions- 83. Some of the properties of concrete are: Extremely durable
hot weather causes concrete to cure more rapidly than Inorganic
otherwise, resulting in a greater possibility of voids, and a Hard
dusty, low strength surface. Applying a curing compound can Has good compressive strength
help mitigate the affects of these conditions. Many entities Improves with age
require a wet burlap curing blanket to be used over freshly 84. Some service situations in which permeation may occur
placed concrete to prevent this type of "drying out" include: Sour crude storage tanks
Cooling towers
Vibration- This is done to remove air pockets, and can cause Fertilizer plants
the heavy aggregate to sink to the bottom of the form. This
85. Some various types of synthetic rubber are: Butyl rubber
results in a weak, sandy surface, creating a fragile layer of
Neoprene rubber
sand and cement known as laitance. This condition can occur
Nitrile rubber
both at the upper surface and at the concrete / form surface
Chlorobutyl rubber
or interface
Hypalon types
77. Several generic types of coatings may be used over
86. Special substrates that have rightly adherent oxide films
concrete including: Bituminous cutbacks
include: Stainless steel
Chlorinated rubber
Nickel
Vinyl
Tin
Epoxy
Cadmium
Novalac epoxy
87. The standards engineering society (SES) describes a
Elstomeric polyurethane
standard as: A document that applies collectively to codes,
Sheet materials (rubber)
specifications, recommended practices, classifications, test
Glass fiber reinforced plastics
methods, and guides, which have been prepared by a
Furan resins
standards developing organization or group, and published in
78. Some common resins used in reinforced linings include:
accordance with established procedures.
Polyester
88. Surface prep is generally performed on concrete by:
Epoxy
Abrasive blast cleaning
Vinyl Ester
Hand and power tool cleaning
79. Some general basic centrifugal blast set ups include:
High pressure waterjetting or blasting
Tumbling mill, multitable, plain table, swing table, custom
Acid etching
designed systems
Stoning
80. Some of the causes of failure with rubber linings may be: Centrifugal blasting
Incorrect product selected for the intended service Scarifying
Using rubber after the shelf life has expired
89. Tests for the presence of moisture in concrete include:
Using rubber lining that wasn't stored properly. Rubber must
ASTM D 4263, Standard Test Method for Indicating Moisture in
be kept in cool storage because with heat it can vulcanize on
Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method
the roll.
ASTM F 1869, Calcium chloride test
Incorrect application process
Electronic Testing: Concrete Moisture Meter
Inadequate cure
90. Thermal spray safety practices for operators include: Use
81. Some of the inspection concerns during centrifugal blasting
hoses rated for high pressure
include: Monitor the dust collector, monitor the amperage of
Never clean powder off equipment or clean spray cubicles
the wheel motors / low amperage, Monitor the handling in the
with compressed air
loading of the conveyor line for contaminants and possible
Do not use compressed air to clean off clothing
discontinuities in the steel, monitor the speed of wine, inspect
Do not supply plant compressed air to breathing apparatuses
the steel as it leaves the production line
Reduce compressed air to less than 30 pounds per square
82. Some of the most common hazards associated with inch for cleaning purpose
specialized application are: Fumes and dust inhalation
91. The three categories of natural rubber are: Soft, semi hard,
Electrical shocks
hard
Burns
Falling objects 92. Three factors that affect the properties of the vulcanizate
Explosions (vulcanized product ): Percentage of sulphur and accelerator
Environmental contamination used
Temperature of the curing process
Time of cure
93. The three main types of anti fouling coatings are: Ablative 103. The usual galvanized coating consist of three distinct iron-
Self smoothing zinc compounds: Gamma (75% zinc & 25% iron)
Foul release Delta (90% zinc & 10% iron)
94. Three methods for applying polyethylene are: Melting the Zeta (94% zinc & 6% iron)
resin and extruding it onto the surface of the article Eta(outer layer) (100% zinc / not considered separate layer)
Heating the work piece and then immersing it into a fluidized 104. Voluntary standards: Are standards established generally by
bed private sector bodies that are available for use by any person
Flame spraying or organization, private or government.
95. To ensure safe workplace, before commencing the job, the 105. Vulcanization: Vulcanization is a physicochemical (physical
waterjet team should ensure that: The work area is properly and chemical) change resulting from the cross linking of the
barricaded. unsaturated hydrocarbon chain of natural rubber
Electrical equipment is protected from water. (polyisoprene) with sulfur, and the application of heat.
Electrical connections are not allowed to sit in water. 106. Waterjetting advantages include: Worker safety
All fittings and hoses are in good condition / proper pressure Worker air quality
rating. Respiratory requirements may be less stringent
Nozzle is free of obstructions. No dust contamination or clean up
System is flushed clean and air removed. Friendly to the environment
The dump system and all control systems are operational. Relatively cost efficient
Proper LOTO provisions / confined space entry requirements. It requires less cleaning
96. Two broad categories of corrosion can be described as: 107. Waterjetting is effective for removing: Surface oil and
General and localized grease, rust, concrete (shot-crete) spatter, existing coatings,
97. The two primary types of cathodic protection are: Impressed water soluble contaminants that cannot otherwise be removed
current and galvanic (sacrificial) by abrasive blasting, an underwater unit used to clean
98. Types of dehumidification equipment include: Refrigeration barnacles or other microorganisms for ships hulls or offshore
and desiccant platform legs.

99. Types of fireproofing coating: Cementitious- made of 108. A well balanced operating mix (working mix) of abrasives
lightweight cement and can be applied several inches thick. will: Provide consistency of the finish, ensure uniform abrasive
Intumescent- a substance that swells or bubbles up as a result coverage, ensure conditioning of the abrasive for optimum
of heat exposure, thus increasing in volume, and decreasing in cleaning, minimize lowest abrasive and machine part where
density. and reduce downtime for maintenance

100. Typical plant applied or mainline coatings include: 2 layer 109. What are antifouling materials used for, and how do they
PE work?: The purpose of antifouling (AF) paints is to either make
3 layer PE the hull of the ship so distasteful the larva of the biofouling
Fusion bonded epoxy rejects it as home or they make the hull so slick the larva can't
Tapes adhere.
Coal tar enamel 110. What are the best known characteristics of fluoropolymer
Asphalt coatings: Flouropolymer coatings are best known for their non
Insulated stick feature and also have excellent chemical and high
Concrete temperature resistance.
101. Typical surface preparation requirements (rubbers): 1. Steel 111. What are the different methods of thermal spray
shall be new, full weight steel, free from structural defects application?: Flame spraying
2. Steel plate shall be flat with no appreciable warp or buckle Arc spraying
3. Steel plate should have a minimum thickness and weight Plasma spraying
specified High velocity oxyfuel
4. Vessel must be braced to avoid bulging
5. All welds to be continuous, peened, and ground to remove
sharp edges and high spots.
6. Edges and corners should be ground to a minimum radius
as specified
7. All weld spatter should be removed
8. Blast cleaned to NACE 1 with surface profile of 1.5-2.5 mils
102. A typical waterjetting team consist of: The nozzle operator,
the pump operator, additional operators or workers.
112. What are the four distinct stages powders pass through 122. When determining the coating system life cycle, the
when a heat source is applied?: The flow stage- which occurs following should be considered: The particular coating
when the particles of powder begin to flow, but are not fully system being used
liquid The initial cost
Wetting stage- which occurs when the particles of powder Time until first maintenance coating will be applied
absorb more heat, fully liquefy, and wet the surface Maintenance cost during the life of the coating system
Gel stage- which occurs when the particles of the powder The length of time the product will last
begin to gel, converting into a solid The maintenance cost per year
Curing stage- allows for further changes to take place, The cost over the life of the system
permitting the powder to cure properly 123. When planning enclosures the following minimum
113. What are the two categories of curing and their definitions: requirements should be considered: Must be large enough to
Non-convertible- no chemical change during the cure cycle. contain the whole work area.
Convertible- some chemical change during the cure cycle. Not be larger than the performance capabilities of the
114. What causes curling: If a maintenance coating to be applied is dehumidification equipment.
incompatible with the existing coating system, curling may Be sturdy enough to hold up to intended work activities,
occur. potential loads, and a possible inclement weather.
Have minimal leakage to maintain proper environmental
115. What information should be included when providing
conditions and ensure the dehumidification system operates
samples for a laboratory?: The identity of the materials to be
efficiently.
analyzed
The inspector should ensure that the samples are properly 124. When using solvent borne inorganic zinc, what would one
packed and labeled. A chain of custody form should common reason for a failure to cure: Low humidity, these
accompany samples. A copy of this should be retained by the coatings cure by solvent evaporation and chemical reaction by
inspector. absorption of moisture from the surrounding atmosphere
The type of analysis required. 125. Which organization produces a set of comparator plates for
Expected concentrations or concentrations of interest various prepared concrete surfaces: International Concrete
116. What is a polymerization cured coating?: Coatings that cure Repair Institute (ICRI)
through a chemical reaction. 126. With regards to maintenance coatings all parties should
117. What is a tri-ply lining: Lining construction used to form a agree on: Spot repair requirements
sandwich which is semi-hard, or hard, rubber between two Feathering
layers of soft rubber Appearance of repair areas
118. What is Sacking / Stoning: Sacking- consists of scrubbing a 127. The WJ-1 (visual cleanliness) is comparable to which abrasive
mixture of cement mortar over the concrete surface using a blast cleaning standard: ISO SA 3
cement sack, gunny sack, or a sponge rubber float.
Stoning- similar to sacking, except that a carborundum brick,
or other appropriate abrasive block, is used to smooth the
surface of the concrete.
119. What is the cause of chalking in an epoxy coating?: Caused
by exposure to UV (sunlight) or other radiation
120. What is the definition of coating survey?: A coating survey is
a task performed in an organized, rational manner on assets
(bridge, oil rig, chemical plant, refinery, paper mill, etc) that
have been previously painted / coated to gather information
on the performance of the installed protective coating system.
121. What is the main feature that reinforcing adds to a resin?:
Strength