Atomic Sthructuu
Atom An atsm is th& mallt cemend that
ut o an
my ay maynat taue independent existence Jous takesa
pagt in a
chemal Eacton
Thu a mad mas
upo ill smallu panicles
Amauut chaTgl
Electsan 9 1o = xt6-%
Nataan (2 T Thomaen) e}
Preton (P) :6925x1o2kal.s x loisC_/y-0 x l6eu
eletostatic
NotatiarCH") by (Gnsldstein)
Neutren ( n ) 1 6 4 5 xl6 24 Neutral
Netatar -( ) b y - Chadwick )
E Repzesentatfion oan Atum Atomie No.)
A
CX Smbal atsm ) (Z:
X CA mas number Cntp)
Tsoto pe Atom nauing ama atamic o. but d enent
moLsno.
Prrat um CP 1 n=o,e =i)
H Deutium CP=, n= e-iD
Exampe
nitium Cp =i,n:2c=1)
Radfo cehe
6 3S
CC Cc N N
Sebau: AHoms couingame ma no.but diyenent
gtomicnu mbel
40 14
(97 C N
Ruthan Td ode
dinand heay
He-peuedht_afam
mb ouy
NLeus_at (enoe o aroM-
heu_delledn
-panticlea_ pa
Dast odha
3 ume iw delectr y keu angle
n 200o9 Ae dejlected almatt
enye
ac aron8 enp
He concluded mest a dhA
TNO tictes deptecteet cxSinT
2
Angle delectton
No-opasticlks olekeeteo 2 tan fsen
He3ad that e 1eirsiue 1urd dha nucleus
inacuein pih Mox uall ad hat
acclesat chasge patticle when Jetde hen 1t
Noy
enéngubyemithng adoJün ) and usill
ultimatel alintsnuleu, dnd atam w?l
relap.
IDidn pein n-Pechum H-atam.
oapettiS Crae
Chtgg guandiza J = ne
= 6 Xlo
Chage Ja a cala 9un ft.
9-xl0 v m
- Yeten tiak Eneng
Date 16/ o? 22 Page No 3
Electvomagnatic auo
Thay Jequine no medum Jo Pro pogate
Th
Electric Feld
Electi Naue
Magne tie Fetld
LhaliMIh.
PRag nathc Naue
0Dinectien o sacilatian oelectric and maqnetic
ed 1 to each
ethorand alss Lo dfectian
epiepogatfon g waue
is EMwave dent Jequire any medium gen
pTSpogatcn . n vacc um , E M Waue
raue usith
&peed o fghd C 3X 16msecl.
i hen Em waue enten om9ne mecfum de
anothen then its uelscfty Chang e but
Jemajn ame .
TequencY
A= m
Cest hm lo m
YWauelength ( -12
Phnplityde
pm o
nplKole
Fssugh
Waw ength C): Dis tance betucen tuo ccaSe Cutie
Crest traugh.
9+ s meapuud m, cm,fcte,
Date 1ot 22 Page No.: O4
Amplitude Cad Height a cTest an depth
augh.
ntensity ca
Big htnes
Fsequoncy (v) No. wgue paabng thsugh a
paint Jnane econd. ( = me )
V= CsPeec al light?
Neu Cuength o Waue leng th)
Unit= HestCHz)a Sec
# Velocity Distance auelled by ue in isec
Unft Cm Sec m Isec
Waue Number ( ) Numbe s Waues_preut I
Gn unt o dength
tnt M m
Onden o Waue length o tM waues 4oe rcm Sen m
Radio
Radis WdU muco waue IntxLNed >
visîble>v
X- rays > Grama
iaya CosmicG Ray8
nds ieguncy Enengg
Goma Rau
X-aus> U Visible>
Snraned> Mso WeIN> Radie wae
Shoet-T-ick t Classicggadi X V un my Ran
Wat /8ec.
Electron valt (ev); UnSt oenengu
(iev=6 xlo J)
Tatal Enengy gain by electron hun_
to a_pgtental_dieience
acelenated sam aat
o volt Rndutn as LeV. jvet durbitsteation
stode
E+PrE Ck-Ep+PE
+
chengy 3un
objepdue to t
e
motio
-LE)galn-
Panticle Nadtune Em Waue
Enpeniment uwhfch weu eaplaineol enly ypaUntic le
nafune_au-
Black Bacly Racdiatian
Phstoeletic eject
Lihe-pectvum o -atam
Bhck Bady fadiatan (BBR)
all
Back Bedy Redy uhid amits and absambs
neuencyis called black body.
Radktn emitel b black bady called BRR.
2
eT
9ntet
BBR
X
Waue length (2)
Tempenatune
Date Page No
Aa uaue Jength decveasedndensfty ntseasey and
becema mximum a paticuday wauolength ad he
+hen
stants dessasig-
shen empertww ncsicases, ntety al nee
But maximum ntenalty n d
but c kusun uauelerqth
#
hun 9san Jec heated Jt_ tusns Jed and hen n
unthu heating beames blus wquelength
olecs eaes
Areanding do Ray efgh Jeu
CHe tosk Waue natuse o MW)
# These o r , BBR s not enpaned
8 Waue natuu Emw, lateian_
9nters Plan k quartum hecay erplair
BBR y_pontfcle natune
Waueleng th
PanR' qantum dheeny
ftams mskecules emits al abaamba enengy in
d'scete guantities called gquantun T photon
Eneng a phatons art dentfcal
Tata Enegg Js indegsad rau tiple og enengy a
_pNoiun._
T E nx to n No hotans
Taule E E hv =hC 6 6 xlo Js
LPlan a cana tant
ta= /240 EV Celectron valt)
Cn m x (o
Date Page No
Pheto eletruc Eeet
Phato aertrfc eleetrs
Photo electC
whan ht s tauble euencyjalls a n metul ounace
hen e an emiteet whih au called photo electons
Cund cuJnert_ ushsch klaus is Rhousr a phatpcunet
and oll_pheomenan is called phatpelectic ehfect
e
cUe giectel jntently thww s no lag
sbetuonstvieng a ght eam and jection electop
Wank Functian (O. a nWo) Minimum enungu
Siegusud, by e to escape sanm meta sudace
depends enly an atuu o mdal.
Wo hva
hovheld athoexhold wauelength
iequency,2
Fon Ptrodo elect sfc ekect o
Fan
9ntersityBofahtneas
sregvenc Calau
9tenaty h no phatens shiRing sh
metal plate pA7 untE ana pe Secand.
Date Page No.
7
#Mane intenalty , maru phatan
fheb ing mane hats electtr
(uunt 4 eneated and man
phato cwuert
Snteraf tu
2.
t I aequny hreae thon thon
Phap KE a e incseabes but no.c
Cwnert
e 1emajna (ssfat nd hence
phato cuULIent_S1emajns (cntant
Eieguen
S ndpendent ol fndensity
Stensty
# hstein phete electTo equatan
E
KE EhVhv
mx +C
-ho
- Practic
ally K.t Cat
renuen ey ntensity-? be negatfe So, 1h
p tfen cbsn ann n
eTelctfcal
Patential
#Stoppihg etenial (u a
upplynegatiuepotental
o n colecfon phie
u a electvans a e Jepe lled-
dhen plha.to cuuient decreace 2eno whe
and d oni stage, culerd becomA
VA Auicfentdo epeL dtho electvons tasng
axinun RE.
Ns
RE)na
Put r Einstein equ atian
eVs
Vs hV-hs h
e
Atamic Madal
Bshr syatemike
Applicable nly singe CTS,
H, HeT, * , 8e1,B
Pauhulates i
anCund nucleus Jn ciruwan palh
ilectrens mass
cled onita s
auing Jadiiy and enengy
tationamy state.
in anbit dau nat change usTHAU
nangy
tim ut ushen unps am kUn to higken
e
ad
enmgsb s6it Jt abzanbs enngy emts
Jsuwn ft
sh jumps ram g h n to
enag b clik. inA
Eneagy abanmba s emited ja oqua!
enengg 6 o tuo Gibks.
A6 EE- Erelksud
Ekectro mau enl n haae nbi ë a n ushfoh
angula mamentum as eleetadn Sneqn tpl« ek_
x e d oits a alauRd
heene only
no
h (n= nawnai
C l ,- -
Hngusen
hplaun Rs canstan
mun n
Ve oct a e n nb ne
2 8 A1o x2m/sec
2 18 lo
V=Vo
Date
Sn SL3X A
A1-m
H-atsm
Sxlo n
TaT
2 A Jlon
VO 1XK 2
Dale -
## a u e n -
4 acdatian a Enengy e
T61 Takal énengy_ KE Kme tic ahena
fatenda nang
Re k (e) (ze)- FZe -
2e
2
Centoipttaacer
Z e 2 Fo7ce
KE
Date-- PMg o.
T.E
T.E KE
Lat T.E iepn e>ented bu
KZe
F2em
MTR
13-62 eVJatam
E= =2.18 102
x
atam-
n
1312 /rh-
#E_-13.6 x 2 EVatam-
n
yn E
2 21T E1
Date/_I Page No.
and n2 al onbta
n
136*2 E 13-6 x
Eh
AE En En
AE -13.6 x 2 13 6 x 22
AE 13 62
DE 13 6 2
n
h E 13-6 h
/13./3.6
Red bwE Contant
RH2n Rydbng-fanmula
dbng
n
RH - m
Cm
to36tcm
Page No.
Oale-=
dagram 51NQran
Jesel
S -2C4E-s
,Jey
quaund su (n=l
ncited Stade CE-S9: GthuLthan
nn CLE nmun enET9y eqwTed
onoton
9raund Aate (ns to n
t0emOuR
T E= 136 2 V
-ushan ho LEs in Jaule
ganfzatfan Patenhia
hengy 1,uded 0 emouu e
Ë|Excitotfon Igy
-62 AA-
n
Dato--- Page No.
Birlng Eneny on Sepenatån Enanay 9
eued to e mOU Kom an sfate D-
Jnnite (),_SE
Page a
Spectrum Cattenn g radatians )
Ba sed an @ni
Baxed, an utuue
Emiasian p e c h r u m R b s a n p r
|ntinuous D s c e t e
Peettm SpEctt ghe DT fe lou
highM
ne speciUm Band
E9obtaln -nsm
maecS
etomb
(Gntinudu èpectnum
LPhatogaphe
Pidte
Date - Page No
FNo s Spectrek n e
No Max en diedt graund leuet.
ines 2 n (nD
No .oma xiros= 4nCAnt
An Di- n
Page No
Date__ H-atam
#Spetrel LPnes og
HumPhUN
See S
P-fund
BaeRett
Sli n 3
Paschen = 2
Senie
Ba lme
Sale
Cvisfble t9naTed Rary
yman Tegen
Seie
CUv-Rays
2,3,4
Lyman Series 2 ,t
BalmerSenies n t,S, ---
3
aschen Sesues
4 n2S,6,
BTacRett Senies
6,+
P- fud enies ns 5 n t , 8 ---
Humphe Seues
RN n n
Lyman eries 2
2
f i t ne (aint 2
CP-Line
Secsnd fne
est
Last in alba called deue mit an manginalL
JnaJast ln ha m aximuun 'enungy
and
minimuno. auelengthi.
3t s the Ahantat Lhe
fet inn hao the maxîmun uwaue (ength ard
munimum eneg
Dale--
# d e 5 g l i e Hype ahesisr CDucu, nattu. o elecTsen
E E mc
m Repleice CbY V
P enu
Nalid. al eC ept phSMn.
a cange piantfel a o g cha19 da
- am
#fo7 iesron
A
age
#|Heisenb en_'s Uncestaintrindiple
Ëxact_pasitfon and nomentom_ogst iDg
panticle (an'tbe detesmioc. Occua te ly ato paqticoh
fïne Slqnilicant only_han_microscopl< object)
4 AA An Ap =_ 4*
4
lan dfsplace met
a n g u l momnertuno
X d|
AP
AE-t
ecentung 1picethaCOnCt Lntte
itb rct Pbab iNty
Page No
Dalo
*Lituona cBehys Macdel
Paplaun Jhe_specIo e_ctsms rea Fin
i
(euldn"t
He
man Than h{
oueln 't aplan jho splitt og salno u
He Ceoagnrkficld_Lzeemn elkcct2 arel
elecdsice ld fande-bzcqlie
)couldy't_explah
efe typaha73 cnd
Hesenbng 2reneuntypLnCupie -
Page No
Date
Atsmic bital tals2
Atsm shell>subshell
Cn S,P,d,b CPPP)
3Efono Apae nsncd
Cnki tal I t s thu Lincing
Ducles ehwu pratotilfty
Mgxfroun. (5%)
is 2
sata
Maximam no o e in sne
#Lyees e «nkftas
1 S- s t f t a l . -
Spheuiajnshape
land
V-Nodal P u n a n z No dal f
2. P-7tal
Node Noda PTaNe
-> Node
P
Node
mding isO.
Nsd fan at shfch_prebasirty 7 9 , NZ Nelkfane
3. d - n t ° t a s -
Natt
Nodedy2 dnz
Y2, YX Nod
edal flane Plane
Page
wO hade (rU
Nedal Phng Ran ad which._pnobabili*
Sineng e _ s zeno
Nsdalpkin
Cne-
Suatum Nunbend:
Set sk 4 nunberzs hieh ssmplefely dene
n an atam
ainipal uantun numben (nD
t Rents shekln9
Pmksible valuo to ,(ng N).
NNo
o shull
e subsne inqiuGn he
can accemcidaje ms than 32c
hgulan memendum d she
She I Sukahe Gnbita
S
2.. L S,P
S,id 4 3 S -9
SPd,f 3 S 9=
16 | 37
Ahell =
n_
No smb tals n gfuen
Eqt:
den enuy2ti-L tzt
l
-L
Ea=E2La
bu gdp a e c o s d
hngulan manentun
nhal Ciandum N o ( : = 7 Gasital
HLtum aurnbe/ Saban
epieber auphal numa.
idiuo J 0 Jo Cn-1)
ble Name
Sph&7icaa
Sho
ninopa Dunble
Tundomehtau
MbAhe
2S
3S,SP1
23
vLCtL)
b/tal Hgufan f60 ehfum
Ehgnedi &uan twm Nurnbs 2la
t describes iendeen eg_a2g tals-
M
P,P
2 2,-2,0,1, _dng dg 2 , da *
Each Value decnibe SN SH fal_
a and dn can nten char
intonchange da 3 d2 can intenc hange
e n uantum Numben CS sn Ms)
ushethen cock.wss an a
Denibe &pih e
ceckuse
Elodeuls LAat-clocR-ise
Ldosn sptn
atfcockwae
Any alu cannepnesent clsc Ruwse
Tatalspîn (s) E2Na-unainad eetran
2
%*
No. unpaed e
S
pin Angulon 'omentuun s&t)
Date
21s1 41
Peimun Spih pleity
(M.M)
CL) mpatkart
Spin Magnuic mament B M
Bahn ugnitan
no. unpairud e
2 6 2-02
ts 3-8-
= J3s- 5,32-
Uto CLnpained e P na n
SPed CCalouned)
eak afsnacd turnoo mgra ie d :
u - o C No un palned e ) Dia monaePe e l u n iea>)
Da aeepea a tourandA magratie
eld.
Peaeniaeand nan degenenate n t a l s i
S a m e eneHE_
orbtala Jaelanging o m Mubotellar
d nate.
C3 ald dege nenaey
(Sold degane a -
hekr
paanee aeedni and maqnaBic }reld
degenu1 getA dearaye
_
4 Eleefronic ooiqungfor
ling e n ah atom.
-No
KeAesentatian_
k e
shulf- Substul-
Dald
faulTs. ncuson incple
No duo _e h an-
atem can haue all am uartu 4
Only 2 e can beaccanedotedin
tunds Rle e Diaxmum luhprety
) = 1 s l + 1 .
kapce n ha gnta na 4
Paining
AubehalL mHil each enbttal Ja eccupd
-
e n_panalle spin
Dut
amba0 Table
TEENCYE_erg
n
A1 e 1aTad encha.ngeJo
Rug kLL ndple
iSngle
3p 3d< Us-p =4d -
nden aS 25-
Enngy
D3Nn0EL22
3d Up2 phun ' Kidn ury 4
s
2
25 <2 3p2ts43dH eSs<deS
e7g Tht onbitals ia th ma bshell
decyoca e aith h c v c a n fha arMÍL nOO
Umany .
S.
J-P2
hzodngen blaue mecanice hodel
n dhfa mdel dual natuag ne nd T
hia msde canaidenasaSncng
ncuanimpltve awe
Speiatarr nc *n
tapdCran aPe
SX*m
Hamitshian
= H.
Dale
ntegTal en o ctod Tn4
aanhun 0. au
Dphinira jdilatcs= ,e,9
(Radfuy) q5ADeio Due
USin 8SPn Ccia atitude - ans C2enth ang.
ta a g a m a angle2
Sin Sth
/n
m
Soding en eq gr S quantum nd. (n,,
#SoluHGn a V f(9,9, 0)
Sph guanhum . nct guan NS
frretdntra h
( n -1)
Rad'al Node /Sphunleol Mode
C3
3 CS4-D
-
Nooa a l elanc Pe)
ngula
lota de ENt AV_(n -
Da --'=
derni catiao obau_faniin
Thdm Tsent a ier
-2 **-
ssme pakpnsn i a n r s
Sshn r a d t u s
ds prEm Tmucte
FmTuctews
aa ta e
n PNndpat uardu- be
and )
F(O,O * ( Seme tenms in
Wan Rnq. toal
h t o ge *h
u foget Seca (Encept pelsnemiL)
CUtoqet 'h ean nela+ien btur Cantesian a
plufcal_coancdrate.
iu)toget h o. sadal pao See deqee polyon¥
al
naphs
Radfal Waw nction (R)
f o 1 smdial nocda
s 2S
R
Cdstancekrom nuc teus)
fan uDpadial Aode
3
# OfhU_ Cur tals
RoV RN-
R 2p/3dYP 3p14d 1sf
p ,Sd,6f
# 6naph fa amian anp,d gf
Gnly dhune s thain dtance
Tam ucd eusS
Dal"-
2. Racl prebabxlty denalnby
in
of peak dereasa h hcrease dist1e
Haight
-2P 13di9t
RN2
Sdl6f_
| bnoba bYlhy denaYy jar s-onital na kTrmun at Mt feus
tanp,d.tProbakrIty dedty ocIs Zenot
nucleu do nd maxima put R ) =
4RacikProbabfltyfunction (v'n
RNEO (RN
2s 13plud Tst
an
Date -
PN3
A
Heght feak nereae
tokfnd Maxîmau d (Yn kJ)=o
