STATISTICS IS THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
LECTURE – 16
CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY
PREPARED BY
HAZBER SAMSON
FAST NUCES ISLAMABAD
MT-2005 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY
CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY
If A and B are two events, then the conditional probability that A occurs, given that B has
already occurred, is written by P(A given B) or P A B and is given by
P A B
PA B
P B
IMPORTANT FORMULAS
If A and B are any events then
P A B
1. PA B
P B
P A B
2. PB A
P A
3. P A B PB PB A P A
4. P Ac B
P Ac B
PB
PA B c
5. P A B
c
PB c
PAPB B PPAB B 1 P( A B)
c c c
P Ac B
c
6. c c
1 P( B)
MULTIPLICATION LAW OF PROBABILITY EVENTS FOR DEPENDENT
If A and B are dependent events then
P A B P A.PB A
or P A B PB .P A B
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PREPARED BY HAZBER SAMSON SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DPT FAST ISLAMABAD
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