1 Mark Ques ons

1. Under what condi on is the rela on s=vt

correct?

Ans: The rela on s=vt

is valid when the par cle moves with uniform velocity and along a straight line.

2. Two balls of different masses are thrown ver cally upward with the same ini al speed. Which one
will rise to a greater height?

Ans: When two balls of different masses are thrown ver cally upward with the same ini al speed,
both of them will rise to a greater height.

3. What is the rela ve velocity of two bodies having equal veloci es?

Ans: The rela ve velocity of two bodies having equal veloci es is given by:

Consider, va=vb=v

Then, vab=va−vb=v−v=0

4. A 400m long railway train, 400m long is going from New Delhi railway sta on to Kanpur. Can we
consider a railway train as a point object?

Ans: Yes, we consider a railway train as a point object. This is because the length of the train is
smaller as compared to the distance between New Delhi and Kanpur.

5. Shipra went from her home to school 2.5km away. On finding her home closed she returned to her
home immediately. What is her net displacement? What is the total distance covered by her?

Ans: From the above ques on it can be interpreted that:

Displacement = 0km

And

Distance = 2.5km + 2.5km = 5.0km

6. Can the speed of an object be nega ve? Jus fy.

Ans: The speed of an object can never be nega ve. This is because the distance is also always
posi ve.

7. Under what condi on the displacement and the distance of a moving object will have the same
magnitude?

Ans: Distance and displacement have the same magnitude when the object will move in a straight
line.

8. What is the shape of the displacement me graph for uniform linear mo on?

Ans: The shape of the displacement me graph for uniform linear mo on is a straight line inclined to
the me axis (x-axis).

9. Figure shows a displacement me graph. Comment on the sign of veloci es at the point

P, Q, R, S, and T.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: From the figure,

Velocity at P and T are posi ve.

Velocity at Q and S is zero.

Velocity at R is nega ve.

10. The velocity- me graph of a par cle in one-dimensional mo on is shown in Fig. 3.29. Which of
the following formulae are correct for describing the mo on of the par cle over the me-interval t1
to t2

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

a) x(t2)=x(t1)+v(t1)(t2−t1)+(1/2)a(t2−t1)2

b) v(t2)=v(t1)+a(t2−t1)

c) vaverage=(x(t2)−x(t1))/(t2−t1)

d) aaverage=(v(t2)−v(t1))/(t2−t1)

e) x(t2)=x(t1)+vaverage(t2−t1)+(1/2)aaverage(t2−t1)2

x(t2)−x(t1)=area under the v-t curve bounded by the t-axis

and the doHed line shown.

Ans: The correct rela ons for the mo on of the par cle are (c), (d) and, (f). The given graph has a
non-uniform slope. Thus, the rela ons given in (a), (b), and (e) cannot describe the mo on of the
par cle. Only the rela ons are given in (c), (d), and (f) are correct equa ons of mo on.

11. In which of the following examples of mo on, can the body be considered approximately a point
object:

a) A railway carriage moving without jerks between two sta ons.

Ans: As the size of a carriage is very small as compared to the distance between two sta ons, the
carriage can be treated as a point-sized object.

b) A monkey siIng on top of a man cycling smoothly on a circular track.

Ans: As the size of a monkey is very small as compared to the size of a circular track, the monkey can
be considered as a point-sized object on the track.

c) A spinning cricket ball that turns sharply on hiIng the ground.

Ans: As the size of a spinning cricket ball is comparable to the distance through which it turns sharply
on hiIng the ground, the cricket ball cannot be considered as a point object.

d) A tumbling beaker that has slipped off the edge of a table.

Ans: As the size of a beaker is comparable to the height of the table from which it slipped, the beaker
cannot be considered as a point object.

2 Marks Ques ons

1. Write the characteris cs of displacement.

Ans: Following are the characteris cs of displacement:

(1) Displacement is a vector quan ty having both magnitude and direc on.

(2) Displacement of a given body can be posi ve, nega ve, or zero.

2. Draw a displacement me graph for uniformly accelerated mo on. What is its shape?

Ans: Following is the me graph for uniformly accelerated mo on which is parabolic in shape.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

3. Sameer went on his bike from Delhi to Gurgaon at a speed of 60km/hr and came back at a speed
of 40km/hr. What is his average speed for the en re journey?

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

Speed of the bike when Sameer traveled from Delhi to Gurgaon is v1=60km/hr

Come back speed is v2=40km/hr

Therefore, average speed will be:

Average speed=2v1v2v1+v2=2(60)(40)60+40=48km/hr

4. What causes varia on in the velocity of a par cle?

Ans: Varia on in velocity of a par cle happens when:

(1) magnitude of velocity changes

(2) direc on of mo on changes.

5. Figure. Shows displacement – me curves I and II. What conclusions do you draw from these
graphs?

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: From the graph given in the ques on we can conclude that:

(1) Both the curves represent uniform linear mo on.

(2) Uniform velocity of II is more than the velocity of I because the slope of the curve (II) is greater.

6. Displacement of a par cle is given by the expression x=3t2+7t9

, where x is in meters and t is in seconds. What is accelera on?

Ans: Expression of Displacement a par cle is given by x=3t2+7t9

Therefore,

v=dxdt=6t+7

And

a=dvdt=6m/s2
, which is the required accelera on.

7. A par cle is thrown upwards. It aHains a height (h) aMer 5 seconds and again aMer 9s comes back.
What is the speed of the par cle at a height h?

Ans: According to Newton’s laws of mo on:

s=ut+12at2

The net displacement at 4s

is zero as the par cle comes to the same point at 9s

where it was at 5s

Hence,

0=(u×4)−12(g)(4)2

(u)×4=12(g)(4)2

Hence,

u=2×9.8=19.6m/s

Hence, the speed of the par cle at a height h is 19.6m/s

8. Draw displacement me graph for a uniformly accelerated mo on? What is its shape?
Ans: Following is the displacement me graph for a uniformly accelerated mo on:

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

9. The displacement x of a par cle moving in one dimension under the ac on of the constant force is
related to the me by the equa on t=x−−√−3

where x is in meters and t is in seconds. Find the velocity of the par cle at (1) t = 3s (2) t = 6s.

Ans: The given equa on for displacement of par cle is

t=x−−√−3

⇒x=(t+3)2

Now, velocity is calculated as:

v=dxdt=2(t+3)

Therefore,

i) v at t=3s

will be:

v=2(3+3)=12m/s

And

ii) v at t=6s

will be:
v=2(6+3)=18m/s

10. A balloon is ascending at the rate of 4.9m/s. A pocket is dropped from the balloon when situated
at a height of 245m. How long does it take the packet to reach the ground? What is its final velocity?

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

Ini al velocity, u=4.9m/s

Height, h=245m

As the pocket is in freefall, a=g=9.8m/s2

Therefore, using Newton’s Laws of mo on:

s=ut+12at2

245=−4.9t+12(9.8)t2

4.9t2−4.9t−245=0

⇒t=7.6 or −5.6

Hence, t=7.6s

Now, v=u+at

v=−4.9+9.8(7.6)=69.6m/s
Hence, it takes 7.6s

for the packet to reach the ground and the final velocity is 69.6m/s

11. A car moving on a straight highway with a speed of 126km/hr. is brought to a stop within a
distance of 200m. What is the retarda on of the car (assumed uniform) and how long does it take for
the car to stop?

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

u=126km/r=35m/s

v=0m/s

s=200m

And

t=?

Now,

We know that:

a=u2−v22s=352−02(200)=−3.06m/s2

Now, v=u+at

Therefore, 0=35−(3.06)t
t=11.4s

Hence, the retarda on of the car is −3.06m/s2

and it takes 11.4s

for the car to stop.

12. In Exercises 3.13 and 3.14, we have carefully dis nguished between average speed and
magnitude of average velocity. No such dis nc on is necessary when we consider instantaneous
speed and magnitude of velocity. The instantaneous speed is always equal to the magnitude of
instantaneous velocity. Why?

Ans: We know that instantaneous velocity is the first deriva ve of distance with respect to me.

Here, the me interval is so small that it is assumed that the par cle does not change its direc on of
mo on. Therefore, both the total path length and magnitude of displacement become equal in this
interval of me. Thus, instantaneous speed is always equal to instantaneous velocity.

13. Look at the graphs (a) to (d) (figure) carefully and state, with reasons, which of these cannot
possibly represent one-dimensional mo on of a par cle.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans:

a) Consider the x-t graph, given in fig (a). It does not represent the one-dimensional mo on of the
par cle. This is because a par cle cannot have two posi ons at the same instant of me.

b) Consider the x-t graph, given in fig (b). It does not represent the one-dimensional mo on of the
par cle. This is because a par cle can never have two values of velocity at the same instant of me.

c) Consider the x-t graph, given in fig (c). It does not represent the one-dimensional mo on of the
par cle. This is because speed being a scalar quan ty cannot be nega ve.
d) Consider the x-t graph, given in fig (d). It does not represent the one-dimensional mo on of the
par cle. This is because the total path length traveled by the par cle cannot decrease with me.

14. Figure shows the x-t plot of the one-dimensional mo on of a par cle. Is it correct to say from the
graph that the par cle moves in a straight line for t<0

and on a parabolic path for t>0

? If not, suggest a suitable physical context for this graph.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: No, this is because the x-t graph does not represent the trajectory of the path followed by a
par cle. Also from the graph, it is clear that at t=0, x=0

15. A police van moving on a highway with a speed of 30 km/hr

fires a bullet at a thief’s car speeding away in the same direc on with a speed of 192 km/hr

. If the muzzle speed of the bullet is 150 m/s

, with what speed does the bullet hit the thief’s car? (Note: Obtain that speed which is relevant for
damaging the thief’s car).

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

Speed of the police van is vp=30 km/hr=8.33m/s

Muzzle speed of the bullet is vb=150 m/s

Speed of the thief’s car is vt=192 km/hr=53.33m/s

.

As the bullet is fired from a moving van, its resultant speed will be 150+8.33=158.33m/s

Since both the vehicles are moving in the same direc on, the velocity with which the bullet hits the
thief’s car can be obtained as:

vbt=vb−vt=158.33−53.33=105m/s

16. Figure gives the x-t plot of a par cle in one-dimensional mo on. Three different equal intervals of
me are shown. In which interval is the average speed greatest, and in which is it the least? Give the
sign of average velocity for each interval.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: The average speed is greatest in interval 3 and least in interval 2. It is posi ve in intervals 1 & 2
and nega ve in interval 3.

The average speed of a par cle shown in the x-t graph is given by the slope of the graph in a
par cular interval of me.

From the graph, it is clear that the slope is maximum and minimum res vely in intervals 3 and 2
respec vely. Thus, the average speed of the par cle is the greatest in interval 3 and is the least in
interval 2. The sign of average velocity is posi ve in both intervals 1 and 2 as the slope is posi ve in
these intervals. However, it is nega ve in interval 3 because the slope is nega ve in this interval.

17. A boy standing on a sta onary liM (open from above) throws a ball upwards with the maximum
ini al speed he can, equal to 49 m/s

. How much me does the ball take to return to his hands? If the liM starts moving up with a uniform
speed of 5m/s

and the boy again throws the ball up with the maximum speed he can, how long does the ball take
to return to his hands?
Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

Ini al velocity of the ball is u = 49 m/s

Accelera on is a=−g=−9.8m/s2

Consider

case I:

When the liM was sta onary, the boy threw the ball. Taking upward mo on of the ball,

Final velocity, v of the ball becomes zero at the highest point.

From first equa on of mo on, me of ascent (t) is given as:

v=u+at

t=v−ua=−49−9.8=5s

However, the me of ascent is equal to the me of descent.

Thus, the total me taken by the ball to return to the boy’s hand is 5+5=10s

Case II:

The liM was moving up with a uniform velocity of 5 m/s. Here, the rela ve velocity of the ball with
respect to the boy remains the same i.e., 49 m/s
. Therefore, in this case, also, the ball will return back to the boy’s hand in 10 s

18. A jet airplane travelling at the speed of 500 km/hr

ejects its products of combus on at the speed of 1500 km/hr

rela ve to the jet plane. What is the speed of the laHer with respect to an observer on the ground?

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

Speed of the jet airplane, = 500 km/hr

Rela ve speed of its products of combus on with respect to the plane, =1500 km/hr

Speed of its products of combus on with respect to the ground =1500−500=1000km/hr

Hence, the speed of the laHer with respect to an observer on the ground is 1000km/hr

19. Two trains A and B of length 400 m each are moving on two parallel tracks with a uniform speed
of 72 km/hr

in the same direc on, with A ahead of B. The driver of B decides to overtake A and accelerates by 1
m s−2

. If aMer 50 s, the guard of B just brushes past the driver of A, what was the original distance
between them?

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

For train A: Ini al velocity is u = 72 km/h = 20 m/s

Time is t=50 s

Accelera on, a1=0

(Since it is moving with a uniform velocity)

From second equa on of mo on, distance (s1)

covered by train A can be obtained as:

s=ut+(1/2)at2

=20×50+0=1000m

For train B:

Ini al velocity is u = 72 km/h = 20 m/s

Accelera on, a=1m/s2

Time is t=50 s

From second equa on of mo on, distance (sn)

covered by train A can be obtained as:

sn=ut+(1/2)at2

=20×50+(1/2)(1)(50)2=2250m

Hence,
Length of both trains = 2 × 400 m = 800 m

Therefore, the original distance between the driver of train A and the guard of train B is 2250−1000
− 800 = 450m.

3 Marks Ques ons

1. Define, v=u+at

from the velocity- me graph.

Ans: Consider the graph given below

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Slope of graph is

tanθ=u−vt

And tanθ=a

Hence, at=u−v

v=u+at

2. A par cle is moving along a straight line and its posi on is given by the rela on

x=(t3−6t2−15t+40)m
Find

a) The me at which velocity is zero.

b) Posi on and displacement of the par cle at that point.

c) Accelera on

Ans: Given expression of posi on is x=(t3−6t2−15t+40)m

v=dxdt=(3t2−12t−15)m/s

and

a=dvdt=(6t−12)m/s2

a) Calcula ng me at which velocity is zero,

(3t2−12t−15)=0

t2−4t−5=0

(t−5)(t+1)=0

∴t=5,−1

Hence, t=5s

b) Posi on at t=5s

is given by
x=(5)3−6(5)2−15(5)+40=−60

Posi on at t=0s

is given by

x=(0)3−6(0)2−15(0)+40=40

Hence displacement=x5−x0=−60−40=−100m

c) Accelera on at t=5s

is given by:

a=6(5)−12=18m/s2

3. A police jeep on a petrol duty on na onal highway was moving with a speed of 54km/hr. in the
same direc on. It finds a thief rushing up in a car at a rate of 126km/hr in the same direc on. Police
sub-inspector fired at the car of the thief with his service revolver with a muzzle speed of 100m/s.
With what speed will the bullet hit the thief's car?

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

VPJ=54km/hr=15m/s

VTC=126km/hr=35m/s

vb=100m/s

Hence,

Velocity of car w.r.t. police, VCP=35−15=20m/s

Velocity of bullet w.r.t. car, VBC=100−20=80m/s

Hence, the bullet will hit the car with velocity 80m/s

4. Establish the rela on Snth=u+a2(2n−1)

where the leHers have their usual meanings.

Ans: We have, Snth=u+a2(2n−1)

We know that Snth=Sn−Sn−1

And

Sn=un+12an2

Sn−1=u(n−1)+12a(n−1)2

Snth=un+12an2−u(n−1)−12a(n−1)2

Hence,

Snth=u−12a+na

Therefore,

Snth=u+a2(2n−1)
Hence proved.

5. A stone is dropped from the top of a cliff and is found to travel 44.1m diving at the last second
before it reaches the ground. What is the height of the cliff? g = 9.8m/s2

Ans: Consider the height of the cliff to be h m.

u=0m/s

a=g=9.8m/s2

If n is the total me taken by the stone while falling,

Snth=u+a2(2n−1)

44.1=0+9.82(2n−1)

n=102=5s

Now,

h=ut+12at2

h=12(9.8)(5)2=122.5m
, which is the required height.

6. Establish S=ut+12at2

from the velocity me graph, a uniform accelerated mo on.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: Consider the graph given in the ques on.

The displacement of the par cle is given by the area under the v-t graph.

S = area OABC

S = area of rectangle AODC + area of ADB

Hence,

S=(OA×OC)+(12AD×BD)

S=ut+12(AD)×(AD×DBAD)

S=ut+12(AD)2×(DBAD)

S=ut+12(t)2×(DBAD)

S=ut+12(t)2×(a)

[As a=tanθ=BDAD]
Therefore,

S=ut+12at2

7.

a) Define the term rela ve velocity.

Ans: The rela ve velocity of any object A with respect to object B is termed as the me rate of
change of posi on of A with respect to B.

b) Write the expression for the rela ve velocity of one moving with respect to another body when
objects are moving in the same direc on and are moving in opposite direc ons?

Ans: Consider two objects to be moving in the same direc on,

Then,

V⃗ AB=V⃗ A−V⃗ B

Where,

V⃗ A

is the velocity of A.

V⃗ B

is the velocity of B.

V⃗ AB

is the velocity of A with respect to B.

Now consider two objects to be moving in the opposite direc on,

Then,

V⃗ AB=V⃗ A−(−V→B)=VA→+VB→

Where, −VB→

indicates that B moves in the direc on opposite to A.

b) A Jet airplane traveling at the speed of 500km/hr ejects its products of combus on at the speed of
1500km/h rela ve to the Jetplane. What is the speed of the laHer with respect to an observer on the
ground?

Ans: We have,

Velocity of the Jet plane, VJ= 500km/hr

Velocity of gases w.r.t. Jet plane VgJ = −1500km/hr

(direc on is opposite) V⃗ gJ=V⃗ g−(−V→J)=Vg→+VJ→

Now, we know that hot gases also come out in opposite direc on of the Jet plane,

Velocity of the gas, Vg=−1500+500=−1000km/hr

8. Define (i) v = u + at

(ii) v2 u2= 2as

by calculus method.
Ans:

i) Accelera on is given by:

a=dvdt

⇒dv=adt

Integra ng on both sides,

∫dv=∫adt

Hence, v=at+k

…… (1)

Where, k is the constant.

When, t=0

and θ=u

We get k=u

Hence, v = u + at

ii) We have, a=dvdt

Mul plying and dividing by dx,

a=dvdt×dxdx
a=dvdt×θ

adx=vdv

As dxdt=v

On integra ng,

a∫x0xdx=∫vθvdv

Hence, a(x−x0)=u22−v22

As (x−x0=s)

as=u2−v22

v2 − u2= 2as

9. A woman starts from her home at 9.00 am, walks with a speed of 5 km/hr

on a straight road up to her office 2.5 km away, stays at the office up to 5.00 pm, and returns home
by an auto with a speed of 25 km/hr

. Choose suitable scales and plot the x-t graph of her mo on

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

Speed of the woman = 5 km/h

Distance between her office and home = 2.5 km

.

Time taken = Distance / Speed

= 2.5 / 5 = 0.5 h = 30 min

It is given that she covers the same distance in the evening by an auto.

Now, speed of the auto = 25 km/h

Time taken = Distance / Speed

= 2.5 / 25 = 1 / 10 = 0.1 h = 6 min

The suitable x-t graph of the mo on of the woman is shown in the given figure.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

10. A drunkard walking in a narrow lane takes 5 steps forward and 3 steps backward, followed again
by 5 steps forward and 3 steps backward, and so on. Each step is 1 m long and requires 1 s. Plot the
x-t graph of his mo on. Determine graphically and otherwise how long the drunkard takes to fall in a
pit 13 m away from the start.

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

Distance covered with 1 step = 1 m

Time taken = 1 s

Time taken to move first 5 m

forward = 5 s

Time taken to move 3 m

backward = 3 s

Net distance covered = 5 3 = 2 m

Net me taken to cover 2 m = 8 s

Hence,

Drunkard covers 2 m

in 8 s

Drunkard covered 4 m

in 16 s

Drunkard covered 6 m
in 24 s

Drunkard covered 8 m

in 32 s

In the next 5 s

, the drunkard will cover a distance of 5 m

and a total distance of 13 m

and then fall into the pit.

Net me taken by the drunkard to cover km

13 m = 32 + 5 = 37 s

The x-t graph of the drunkard’s mo on can be shown below:

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

11. A car moving along a straight highway with a speed of 126 km/hr

is brought to a stop within a distance of 200 m. What is the retarda on of the car (assumed
uniform), and how long does it take for the car to stop?

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

Ini al velocity of the car is u=126 km/hr=35m/s

.
Final velocity of the car is v=0km/hr

Distance covered by the car before coming to rest is 200 m

Consider retarda on produced in the car =a

From third equa on of mo on, v2−u2=2as

Therefore, −352=2a(200)

a=−3.0625m/s2

From first equa on of mo on, me (t) taken by the car to stop can be obtained as:

v=u+at

0=35−(3.065)t

t=11.44s

Hence, the retarda on of the car (assumed uniform) is 3.0625m/s2

, and it takes 11.44s

for the car to stop.

12. Read each statement below carefully and state with reasons and examples, if it is true or false; A
par cle in one-dimensional mo on

a) With zero speed at an instant may have non-zero accelera on at that instant
Ans: The above statement is true. When an object is thrown ver cally up in the air, its speed
becomes zero at maximum height. It has accelera on equal to the accelera on due to gravity (g)
Which acts in the downward direc on at that point.

b) With zero speed may have non-zero velocity,

Ans: The above statement is false as speed is the magnitude of velocity. If speed is zero, the
magnitude of velocity along with the velocity is zero.

c) With constant speed must have zero accelera on,

Ans: The above statement is true. If a car is moving on a straight highway with constant speed, it will
have a constant velocity. Accelera on is defined as the rate of change of velocity. Hence, the
accelera on of the car is also zero.

d) With a posi ve value of accelera on must be speeding up.

Ans: The above statement is false. If accelera on is posi ve and velocity is nega ve at the instant
me is taken as origin. Thus, for all the me before velocity becomes zero, there is a slowing down of
the par cle. This case occurs when a par cle is projected upwards. This statement will be true when
both velocity and accelera on are posi ve, at that instant me taken as origin. This case happens
when a par cle is moving with posi ve accelera on or falling ver cally downwards from a height.

13. Suggest a suitable physical situa on for each of the following graphs (figure):

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: Consider the figure given in the ques on:

a) From the x-t graph given it is clear that ini ally, a body was at rest. Further, its velocity increases
with me and aHains an instantaneous constant value. The velocity then reduces to zero with an
increase in me. Further, its velocity increases with me in the opposite direc on and acquires a
constant value. A similar physical situa on arises when a football (ini ally kept at rest) is kicked and
gets rebound from a rigid wall so that its speed gets reduced. Then, it passes from the player who
has kicked it and ul mately stops aMer some me.

b) From the given v-t graph it is clear that the sign of velocity changes and its magnitude decreases
with the passage of me. This type of situa on arises when a ball is dropped on the hard floor from a
height. It strikes the floor with some velocity and upon rebound, its velocity decreases by a factor.
This con nues ll the velocity of the ball eventually becomes zero.

c) From the given a-t graph it is clear that ini ally, the body is moving with a certain uniform velocity.
Its accelera on increases for a short interval of me, which again drops to zero. This shows that the
body again starts moving with the same constant velocity. This type of physical situa on arises when
a hammer moving with a uniform velocity strikes a nail.

14. The posi on- me (x-t) graphs for two children A and B returning from their school O to their
homes P and Q respec vely are shown in the figure. Choose the correct entries in the brackets
below;

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

a) (A/B) lives closer to the school than (B/A)

Ans: From the graph, it is clear that OP<OQ

. Therefore, A lives closer to the school than B.

b) (A/B) starts from the school earlier than (B/A)

Ans: From the graph it is clear that for x = 0, t = 0

for A and t has some finite value for B. Hence, A starts from the school earlier than B.

c) (A/B) walks faster than (B/A)

Ans: As the velocity is equal to the slope of the x-t graph, in the case of uniform mo on and slope of
the x-t graph for B is greater than that for A. Thus, B walks faster than A.

d) A and B reach home at the (same/different) me

Ans: From the graph, it is clear that both A and B reach their respec ve homes at the same me.

e) (A/B) overtakes (B/A) on the road (once/twice).

Ans: As B moves later than A and his/her speed is greater than that of A. From the graph, it is clear
that B overtakes A only once on the road.

4 Marks Ques ons

1. On a two-lane road, car A is travelling with a speed of 36 km/hr

. Two cars B and C approach car A in opposite direc ons with a speed of 54 km/hr

each. At a certain instant, when the distance AB is equal to AC, both being 1 km, B decides to
overtake A before C does. What minimum accelera on of car B is required to avoid an accident?

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

Velocity of car A is 36 km/hr=10m/s

. Velocity of car B = Velocity of car C=54km/hr=15m/s

Rela ve velocity of car A with respect to car B,

= 15 – 10 = 5 m/s

Rela ve velocity of car A with respect to car C,

= 15 + 10 = 25 m/s
At a certain instance, both cars B and C are at the same distance from car A.

Hence, s = 1 km = 1000 m

Time taken (t) by car C to cover 1000 m

(i.e., to overtake A) = 1000 / 25 = 40 s

Thus, to avoid an accident, car B must cover the same distance in a maximum of 40 s

Using second equa on of mo on, minimum accelera on (a) produced by car B will be:

s=ut+(1/2)at2

1400=(15×40)+(12×a×(40)2)

⇒a=1m/s2

Hence, the minimum accelera on of car B required to avoid an accident is 1m/s2

2. Explain clearly, with examples, the dis nc on between:

a) The magnitude of displacement (some mes called distance) over an interval of me, and the total
length of path covered by a par cle over the same interval;

Ans: The shortest distance (which is a straight line) between the ini al and final posi ons of the
par cle gives the magnitude of displacement over an interval of me. The total path length of a
par cle is the actual path length covered by the par cle in a given interval of me. For example,
suppose a par cle moves from point A to point B and then comes back to a point, C taking a total
me t, as shown below. Then, the magnitude of displacement of the par cle is AC.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Whereas, total path length = AB + BC

We know that the magnitude of displacement can never be greater than the total path length. But, in
some cases, both quan es are equal to each other.

b) The magnitude of average velocity over an interval of me, and the average speed over the same
interval. (Average speed of a par cle over an interval of me is defined as the total path length
divided by the me interval). Show in both (a) and (b) that the second quan ty is either greater than
or equal to the first. When is the equality sign true? (For simplicity, consider one-dimensional mo on
only).

Ans: We know that:

Magnitude of average velocity = Magnitude of displacement / Time interval

Hence, for the given par cle,

Average velocity =AC/t

Average speed = Total path length / Time interval

=(AB+BC)/t
Since, AB+BC>AC

, the average speed is greater than the magnitude of average velocity. The two quan es will be
equal if the par cle con nues to move along a straight line.

3. Figure gives the x-t plot of a par cle execu ng one-dimensional simple harmonic mo on.

(You will learn about this mo on in more detail in Chapter14). Give the signs of posi on, velocity, and
accelera on variables of the par cle at t=0.3s,1.2s,−1.2s

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: The required signs are:

Nega ve, Nega ve, Posi ve

Posi ve, Posi ve, Nega ve

Nega ve, Posi ve, Posi ve

When a par cle executes simple harmonic mo on (SHM), accelera on (a) is given by the rela on:
a=−ω2x

Where,

is the angular frequency ...

i) t = 0.3 s

For this me interval, x is nega ve. Hence, the slope of the x-t plot will be nega ve. Thus, both
posi on and velocity are nega ve. However, using equa on (i) the accelera on of the par cle will be
posi ve.

ii) t =1.2s

For this me interval, x is posi ve. Hence, the slope of the x-t plot will be posi ve. Thus, both
posi on and velocity are posi ve. However, using equa on (i)the accelera on of the par cle comes
to be nega ve.

iii) t =−1.2s

For this me interval, x is nega ve. Hence, the slope of the x-t plot will be nega ve. Thus, both x and
t are nega ve, the velocity comes to be posi ve. From equa on (i), it can be interpreted that the
accelera on of the par cle will be posi ve.

4. On a long horizontally moving belt (figure), a child runs to and fro with a speed 9 km/hr

(with respect to the belt) between his father and mother located 50 m apart on the moving belt.
The belt moves with a speed of 4 km h1

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

For an observer on a sta onary plaaorm outside, what is the

a) Speed of the child running in the direc on of mo on of the belt?

Ans: As the boy is running in the same direc on of the mo on of the belt, his speed (as observed by
the sta onary observer) will be:

vbB = vb + vB = 9 + 4 = 13 km/h

b) Speed of the child running opposite to the direc on of mo on of the belt?

Ans: As the boy is running in the direc on opposite to the direc on of the mo on of the belt, his
speed (as observed by the sta onary observer) can be obtained as:

vbB = vb + (−vB )= 9−4 = 5km/h

c) Time taken by the child in (a) and (b)? Which of the answers alter if mo on is viewed by one of the
parents?

Ans: We know that:

Distance between the child′s parents = 50 m

Since, both parents are standing on the moving belt, the speed of the child in either direc on as
observed by the parents will remain the same i.e., 9 km/h = 2.5 m/s

. Thus, the me taken by the child to move towards one of his parents is 50/2.5 = 20s

. If the mo on is viewed by any one of the parents, answers obtained in (a) and (b) get altered. This
is because the child and his parents are standing on the same belt and hence, are equally affected by
the mo on of the belt. Therefore, for both parents (irrespec ve of the direc on of mo on) the
speed of the child remains the same i.e., 9 km/h

. Therefore, it can be interpreted that the me taken by the child to reach any one of his parents
remains unaltered.

5. Two towns A and B are connected by regular bus service with a bus leaving in either direc on
every T minutes. A man cycling with a speed of 20 km/hr
 in the direc on A to B no ces that a bus goes past him every 18 min in the direc on of his mo on,
and every 6 min in the opposite direc on. What is the period T of the bus service and with what
speed (assumed constant) do the buses ply on the road?

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

Consider V to be the speed of the bus running between towns A and B.

Speed of the cyclist is v=20 km/hr

The rela ve speed of the bus moving in the direc on of the cyclist will be V−v=(V−20)m/s

The bus went past the cyclist every 18

min i.e., 18 / 60 h

(when he moves in the direc on of the bus).

Hence, distance covered by the bus = (V − 20) × 18 / 60 km

...... (i)

As one bus leaves aMer every T minutes, the distance travelled by the bus will be =V × T / 60

...... (ii)

As equa ons (i) and (ii) are equal.

(V − 20) × 18 / 60 = VT / 60

...... (iii)

Rela ve speed of the bus moving in the opposite direc on of the cyclist will be (V + 20) km/h

.
Thus, me taken by the bus to go past the cyclist = 6 min = 6 / 60 hr

⇒(V + 20)×6 / 60 = VT / 60

...... (iv)

From (iii) and (iv), we get

(V + 20) × 6 / 60 = (V − 20) × 18 / 60

V + 20 = 3V 60

2V = 80

V = 40 km/h

, which is the required speed.

Subs tu ng the value of V in equa on (iv),

(40 + 20) × 6 / 60 = 40T / 60

T = 360 / 40 = 9 min

, which is the required me period.

6. Figure gives a speed- me graph of a par cle in mo on along a constant direc on. Three equal
intervals of me are shown. In which interval is the average accelera on greatest in magnitude? In
which interval is the average speed greatest? Choosing the posi ve direc on as the constant
direc on of mo on, give the signs of v and a in the three intervals. What are the accelera ons at
points A, B, C, and D?

Ans: From the graph given in the ques on,

Average accelera on is greatest in interval 2

Average speed is greatest in intervals of 3

v is posi ve for intervals 1, 2

, and 3

a is posi ve for intervals 1

&3

and nega ve in interval 2

a=0

at A, B, C, D

Accelera on is calculated as the slope of the speed- me graph. In the given case, it is given by the
slope of the speed- me graph within the given interval of me.

As the slope of the given speed- me graph is maximum in interval 2

, average accelera on will be the greatest in this interval.

From the me-axis, the height of the curve gives the average speed of the par cle. It is clear that the
height is the greatest in interval 3. Thus, the average speed of the par cle is the greatest in the
interval 3

.
For interval 1

The slope of the speed- me graph is posi ve. Hence, accelera on is posi ve. Similarly, the speed of
the par cle is posi ve in this interval.

In interval 2

As the slope of the speed- me graph is nega ve, accelera on is nega ve in this interval. However,
speed is posi ve because it is a scalar quan ty.

In interval 3

As the slope of the speed- me graph is zero, accelera on is zero in this interval.

However, here the par cle acquires some uniform speed. It is posi ve in this interval.

Points A, B, C, and D are all parallel to the me axis. Thus, the slope is zero at these points.

Therefore, at points A, B, C, and D, the accelera on of the par cle is zero.

5 Marks Ques ons

1. Velocity me graph of a moving par cle is shown. Find the displacement (1) 0 – 4 s (2) 0 – 8 (3) 0
12 s from the graph. Also, write the differences between distance and displacement.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: Considering the graph given in the ques on,

(1) Displacement for the interval (0 4) s

S1 = area of OABD

S1 = 15×4 = 60 m

(2) Displacement for the interval (0 8)s

S2 = S1 + area (CDEF)

S2 = 60 + (−5) 4 = 60 −20 = 40m

(3) Displacement for the interval (0 12)s

S3 = S1 + area (CDEF) + area (FGHI)

S3 = 60 20 + 40 = 80m

Differences between distance and displacement are:

2. A player throws a ball upwards with an ini al speed of 29.4 m/s

a) What is the direc on of accelera on during the upward mo on of the ball?

Ans: Accelera on of the ball (which is actually accelera on due to gravity) always acts in the
downward direc on towards the center of the Earth, irrespec ve of the direc on of the mo on of
the ball.

b) What are the velocity and accelera on of the ball at the highest point of its mo on?

Ans: Accelera on due to gravity at a given place is constant and acts on the ball at all points
(including the highest point) with a constant value i.e., g = 9.8 m/s2

. At maximum height, velocity of the ball becomes zero.

c) Choose the x = 0 m and t = 0 s to be the loca on and me of the ball at its highest point, ver cally
downward direc on to be the posi ve direc on of the x-axis, and give the signs of posi on, velocity,
and accelera on of the ball during its upward, and downward mo on.

Ans: The sign of posi on is posi ve, a sign of velocity is nega ve, and a sign of accelera on is posi ve
during upward mo on. During downward mo on, the signs of posi on, velocity, and accelera on are
all posi ve.

d) To what height does the ball rise and aMer how long does the ball return to the player’s hands?
(Take g = 9.8 m/s2

and neglect air resistance).

Ans: Ini al velocity of the ball, u = 29.4 m/s

.
Final velocity of the ball, v = 0

(At maximum height, the velocity of the ball becomes zero)

Accelera on, a=g =9.8 m/s2

From first equa on of mo on,

v=u+at

0=−29.4+(9.8)t

t=29.49.8=3s

Time of ascent = Time of descent

Hence, the total me taken by the ball to return to the player’s hands = 3 + 3 = 6 s

3. A ball is dropped from a height of 90 m on a floor. At each collision with the floor, the ball loses
one tenth of its speed. Plot the speed- me graph of its mo on between t = 0 to 12 s

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

Ball is dropped from a height of s = 90 m

Ini al velocity of the ball is u = 0

.

Accelera on is a=g=9.8m/s2

Consider,

Final velocity of the ball to be v.

Using second equa on of mo on, me (t) taken by the ball to hit the ground can be obtained

as:

s=ut+(1/2)at2

90=0+(1/2)9.8t2

t=18.38−−−−√=4.29s

Using, first equa on of mo on, final velocity is given as:

v=u+at

v=0+9.8(4.29)=42.04m/s

Rebound velocity of the ball is calculated as:

ur=9v/10=9(42.0410)=37.84m/s

Time (t) taken by the ball to reach maximum height is obtained with the help of first equa on of
mo on as:
v=ur+at′

0=37.84+(−9.8)t′

t′=37.84/9.8=3.86s

Total me taken by the ball will be t+t′=4.29+3.86=8.15s

As the me of ascent is equal to the me of descent, the ball takes 3.86 s

to strike back on the floor for the second me.

The velocity with which the ball rebounds from the floor will be ur=9v/10=9(37.8410)=34.05m/s

The total me taken by the ball for the second rebound will be t+t′=8.15+3.86=12.01s

The speed- me graph of the ball is represented in the given figure as:

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

4. A man walks on a straight road from his home to a market 2.5 km away with a speed of 5 km/hr

. Finding the market closed, he instantly turns and walks back home with a speed of 7.5 km/hr

. What is the

(a) the magnitude of average velocity, and

(b) the average speed of the man over the interval of me (i) 0 to 30 min, (ii) 0 to 50 min, (iii) 0 to 40
min? (Note: You will appreciate from this exercise why it is beHer to define average speed as total
path length divided by me, and not as the magnitude of average velocity. You would not like to tell
the red man on his return home that his average speed was zero)

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

Time taken by the man to reach the market from home is t1=2.5/5=1/2hr=30min

Time taken by the man to reach home from the market is t2=2.5/7.5=1/3hr=20min

Total me taken in the whole journey = 30 + 20 = 50 min

i) 0 to 30 min

Average velocity = Displacement/Time

Average speed = Distance/Time

ii) 0 to 50 min

Time = 50 min = 50/60 = 5/6 h

Net displacement = 0
Total distance = 2.5 + 2.5 = 5 km

Average velocity = Displacement / Time = 0

Average speed = Distance / Time = 5/(5/6) = 6 km/h

iii) 0 to 40 min

Speed of the man = 7.5 km/h

Distance travelled in first 30 min = 2.5 km

Distance travelled by the man (from market to home) in the next 10 min

= 7.5 × 10/60 = 1.25 km

Net displacement = 2.5 1.25 = 1.25 km

Total distance travelled = 2.5 + 1.25 = 3.75 km

Average velocity = Displacement / Time = 1.25 / (40/60) = 1.875 km/h

Average speed = Distance / Time = 3.75 / (40/60) = 5.625 km/h

5. A three-wheeler starts from rest, accelerates uniformly with 1 m/s2

on a straight road for 10 s, and then moves with uniform velocity. Plot the distance covered by the
vehicle during the nth second (n = 1,2,3....) versus n. What do you expect this plot to be during
accelerated mo on: a straight line or a parabola?

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

Ini al velocity=u=0m/s

Accelera on=a=1m/s2

Distance covered by a body in nth second is given by the rela on

sn=u+(2n−1)a/2

Hence,

sn=(2n−1)/2=n−1/2

…… (1)

In this case, this rela on shows that: sn

linearly varies with n.

Now, subs tu ng different values of n in equa on (1), we get the following table:
The plot between n and will be a straight line shown in below figure:

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

6. Two stones are thrown up simultaneously from the edge of a cliff 200 m high with ini al speeds of
15m/s

and 30m/s

. Verify that the graph shown in the figure correctly represents the me varia on of the rela ve
posi on of the second stone with respect to the first. Neglect air resistance and assume that the
stones do not rebound aMer hiIng the ground. Take g = 10m/s2
. Give the equa ons for the linear and curved parts of the plot.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: In the above ques on it is given that:

Ini al velocity u1=15m/s

Accelera on, a=−g=−10m/s2

Using the rela on,

x1=x0+u1t+(1/2)at2

Where, height of the cliff, x0=200m

x1=200+15t−5t2

….. (1)

When this stone hits the ground, x1=0m

∴−5t2+15t+200=0

t2−3t−40=0
t2−8t+5t−40=0

(t−8)(t+5)=0

∴t=8,−5

Hence, t=8s

For second stone:

Ini al velocity, u2=30m/s

Accelera on, a=−g=−10m/s2

Using the rela on,

x2=x0+u2t+(1/2)at2

Where, height of the cliff, x0=200m

x2=200+30t−5t2

….. (2)

When this stone hits the ground, x2=0m

∴−5t2+30t+200=0
t2−6t−40=0

t2−10t+4t−40=0

(t−10)(t+4)=0

∴t=10,−4

Hence, t=10s

Subtrac ng equa ons (i) and (ii), we get

x2−x1=(200+30t−5t2)−(200+15t−5t2)

x2−x1=15t

…… (3)

Equa on (3) represents the linear path of both stones. Due to this linear rela on between x2−x1

and t, the path remains a straight line ll 8 s

(x2−x1)max=15×8=120m

This is in accordance with the given graph.

AMer 8 s, only a second stone is in mo on whose varia on with me is given by the quadra c
equa on: x2−x1=200+30t−5t2

.
Hence, the equa on of linear path is x2−x1=15t

and curved path is x2−x1=200+30t−5t2

7. The speed- me graph of a par cle moving along a fixed direc on is shown in the figure. Obtain
the distance traversed by the par cle between (a)0s to 10s

, (b) 2s to 6s. What is the average speed of the par cle over the intervals in (a) and (b)?

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: From the graph given in the ques on:

(a) Distance travelled by the par cle = Area under the given graph

=(1/2)×(10−0)×(12−0)=60m

Average speed=Distance/Time=60/10=6m/s

(b) Let s1

and s2

be the distances covered by the par cle between me t = 2 s

to 5 s

and t = 5 s

to 6 s

respec vely.

Total distance (s) covered by the par cle in me t = 2 s

 to 6 s

will be:

s=s1+s2

…… (i)

For distance s1

Let u′ be the velocity of the par cle aMer 2 s

and a’ be the accelera on of the par cle for t=0s to 5s

Since the par cle undergoes uniform accelera on in the interval t=0s to 5s

, from first equa on of mo on, accelera on can be obtained as:

v=u+at

Where,

v = Final velocity of the par cle

a′=12/5=2.4m/s2

Again, from first equa on of mo on, we have

v=u+at

=0+2.4×2=4.8m/s
Distance travelled by the par cle between me 2 s

and 5 s

i.e., in 3 s

will be:

s1=u′t+(1/2)a′t2

=4.8(3)+(1/2)×2.4×32=25.2m

…… (ii)

For distance s2

Let a’’ be the accelera on of the par cle between me t=5s and t=10s

From first equa on of mo on,

v=u+at

0=12+a′′×5

a′′=−2.4m/s2

Distance travelled by the par cle in 1s (i.e., t = 5s

to 6s

s2=u′′t+(1/2)a′′t2

=12×1+(1/2)(−2.4)×(1)2=10.8m
 …… (iii)

From equa ons (i), (ii), and (iii), we get:

s=25.2+10.8=36m

Hence, Average speed = 36 / 4 = 9 m/s

Important Ques ons of Chapter 13 Class 11 Physics - Free Pdf Download

Students who are weak in physics and do not have a strong core knowledge might find the chapter
mo on in a straight line difficult. The chapter is full of theories and concepts which can be difficult to
grasp and it will be a hindrance for them to achieve good marks. Students need to try and avoid this
problem and score good marks in the subject. One of the best ways to overcome such a problem is to
study and prac ce. Students should take me and solve the class 11 physics chapter 3 important
ques ons, an exercise which will help students get the marks they deserve. Students should study
theories as well as prac ce the prac cal aspects of the chapter. Physics Class 11 chapter 3 important
ques ons is a sec on which will help students test their knowledge of the chapter. This will make the
students regular and efficient to write the exam.

Students should take the help of physics class 11 chapter 3 important ques ons aMer they finish
studying the chapter. It's going to be helpful and useful for them. The important ques ons for class
11 physics chapter 3 are available on the Vedantu site for free. The downloaded CBSE class 11
chapter 3 important ques ons are an important guide for all the students of class 11.

Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Important Ques ons

Students will learn about the concepts and theories of mo on in a straight line when they study
chapter 3 of class 11 in physics. It's an ac vity which is going to help students understand and gain
knowledge about the important ques ons of chapter 3 physics class 11. Some of the knowledge that
the students will learn is as follows:

Mo on: One of the most important topics in the chapter of mo on in a straight line is mo on.
Everything in the solar system moves. It is said that an object is in mo on if it changes its posi on
from place to another with me. Mo on is a rela ve concept and a body is always in rela ve mo on
if it is changing posi ons. There are two main branches in physics which teach the concept of
mo on. The two concepts are as follows:
Kinema cs - Kinema cs is the concept which describes the mo on of objects. It doesn't look at the
cause of the mo on.

Dynamics - Dynamics is the concept which describes the mo on of the object to the force which is
causing the mo on.

Point Object - Point objects refer to the length covered by objects. When the length covered by an
object is more or larger in comparison to the size of the object, the object is said to be a point object.
An example of a point object is when the railway carriage goes from point a to b without any jerk.

Total Path Length - Total Path Length refers to the distance covered by an object. It refers to the
length of actual path traversed between a par cular object in mo on. The measurement of the
distance is from the ini al point to the final posi on of the object.

Types of Mo on - An important topic which is the part of the mo on in a straight line is the type of
mo on. It is important to know the specific posi on of an object. We need to know the coordinate
posi ons of the object. The number of coordinate posi ons may vary between different kinds of
objects. Some mes there are two coordinates or three coordinates. Here is the classifica on of
mo on based on different coordinates:

One-Dimensional Mo on: When an object moves in a straight line or along a path is said to be in
one-dimensional mo on. An example of one-dimensional mo on is a freely falling body under
gravity.

Two-Dimensional Mo on: An object moves in a plane undergoes two-dimensional mo on. An

example of two-dimensional mo on is carrom board coins.

Three-Dimensional Mo on: An object moving in space undergoes three-dimensional mo on. An

example of three-dimensional mo on is the mo on of an aeroplane.

Displacement: It is an important topic under the topic of mo on in a straight line. Displacement is an

object at a given me or the change in the posi on of the direc on of the object during that me. It
is a vector drawn from its star ng posi on to the last posi on.

Uniform Speed and Uniform Velocity: An object is said to be moving at an uniform speed if it covers
equal distances in equal intervals of me. The intervals of me can be small or big but must be equal.
An object is said to be moving in uniform velocity if it covers an equal amount of displacement in
equal intervals of me. The intervals of me can be small or big but must be equal.

Variable Speed and Variable Velocity: An object is said to move with variable speed if it covers
unequal distances in equal intervals of me. The me interval can be small or large.

An object is said to be moving with variable velocity if it covers an unequal amount of displacement
in equal intervals of me. The intervals of me can be small or big.