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3curs Spatiu Aritmetic N-Dimensional

1. The document presents equations for calculating the distance between two points in a multi-dimensional space. 2. It defines the distance formula as the square root of the sum of the squared differences between corresponding coordinates of two points. 3. Several properties of the distance formula are then proven, including that the distance is always positive and equals zero if and only if the points are identical.

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45 views14 pages

3curs Spatiu Aritmetic N-Dimensional

1. The document presents equations for calculating the distance between two points in a multi-dimensional space. 2. It defines the distance formula as the square root of the sum of the squared differences between corresponding coordinates of two points. 3. Several properties of the distance formula are then proven, including that the distance is always positive and equals zero if and only if the points are identical.

Uploaded by

cf8qrn9q4r
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 =

( 1 2 )
=( 1 2 ) 1

1 2
=1
3

2
( ) ( 1 2)
3
( ) ( 1 2 3)

= ( 1 2 ) = ( 1 2 )
+ 1+ 1
2 + 2 + + =( 1 + 1 2 + 2 + )

0 = (0 0 0) =( 1 2 )

( 1) ( + ) + = + ( + );
( 2) + = + ;
( 3) + 0 = 0 + = 0;
( 4) +( )=0
( +)
+( )

=( 1 1 2 2 )

= ( 1 2 )

=( 1 2 )

( 5) ( + )= + ;
( 6) ( + ) = + ;
( 7) ( )=( ) ;
( 8) 1 =

+ 1 4 ( +)

5 8

1 2 1 2
= (1 0 0) = (0 1 0) = (0 0 1)
1 2
1 2
=( 1 2 ) = 1 + 2 + +
=( 1 2 ) =( 1 2 )

1 1 2 2 ;
1 1 2 2

2 0 0 0
1 =( 1 2)
0
0
0
+ +
0

= 1 1 + 2 2 + +
1
1
=
2 3

( 1) 0; =0 = 0;
( 2) = ;
( 3) = ;
( 4) + = +
:
1 4

:
2 2 2
= 1 + 2 + + =( 1 2 )

1
= ( 1) = 1

= 2 =

0
= 0 =0
0

( 1) 0; =0 = 0;
( 2) = ;
( 3) + +
2 2 2
1 0 =0 1+ 2+ + =0
1 = 2 = = =0 =0

2 = ( )2 = 2
=
=1 =1
3

:
1 3

1 :
:

1 = 1 + 2 + +
= max 1 2
( 4) 0 = 0;
( 5) = ;
1 2 1 2
( 6) 1 + 2 + + 1 + 2 + +
1 ;
( 7) ;
( 8) 1 + 2 + + 1 ;
2
( 9) = ;
( 10 )

4 5 9 6
2 3
7

= ( )+ +

7
8

2
1 + 2
2 + + 2
( 1 + 2 + + )2
2 2
= 1

10

2
0 + = + +

1 2 3 4
10

2 2 2 2
0 +2 + = +2 +

( )2 2 2
0
10
3

2
+ = + + = +2 + =
2 2 2 2
= +2 + +2 +
2 2
+2 + =( + )2

2
+ ( + )2
3

:
( )=

=( 1 2 ) =( 1 2 )

( )= = ( )2
=1

( 1) ( ) 0; ( ) = 0 = ;
( 2) ( )= ( );
( 3) ( ) ( )+ ( )

( ) = = ( )+( )
+ = ( )+ ( )

:
1 3

( )=
( )

( )= :

¯( )= :
1
( ) ( + )
¯( ) [ + ] 2 ¯( )
( )
3 ¯( )
( )

( )
( )

int

= int

:
= 0 0 0

1 2 =
1 2
1 2
( ) = min 1 2 ( )
( ) 1 ( ) =

;
;

( )

=
¯

0
0 ¯
0

( )

= =
Fr

= [0 2) 3 int = (0 2) ¯ = [0 2] 3
0
= [0 2] Fr = 0 2 3 3
= ¯
=
¯

= =

¯
¯ = ¯
= ¯ = ¯
( )
=

=1 +
+
( + ) ( )
+

=
0

1 2

1 2 1 = 2 = 1 2 =

1 = : 2 = :

( ) =
=
1 2

1 2

1 2 =
= =1 2

0 1 0 = 2 0 =

1 = 2 =

1 2

1 2 =
2 = 0

0 = =1 2

0 1 2

1 2

1 1 2
= [ ]

[ ]

1 = :
2 = 1

1 2
1 2 =
2 = 1 =
1
=

+ (1 ) [0 1]

+ (1 ) : [0 1]

: = max
1

=( 1 2 )
: ( ) = max
1

=( 1 2 ) =( 1 2 )
2
( 5) = (2 1)
2
1 ( ) = 2 ( ) =
=1
max
1 2

2 2 2 2
+ + =2 +2

( ) ( )
= = [ 1 1]
= [ 1 1]

( )=
1+ 1+

1 =
=
1+ 1 =
1
( ) 0 1
3
( 1) 2
( 2)
( ]
2

( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
0 00 0 00 2
2

2
[ ] [ ]
2
2

2
: 1 ;
2
: 1 =1 ;
2
:1 2 ;
2
=( 1 2) : 1 1 2 ;
2
: 2 1 ;
2
( 1 2) : ( 1 2) (1 1) 1 ;
2
( 1 2) : 1 + 2 1
2
( 1 2) : ( 1 2) (1 1) 1

int = Fr ;
¯= Fr ;
= ¯ ¯

2
1 = ( 1 2) : 1 + 2 1 ;
2
2 = ( 1 2) : max ( 1 2 ) 1 ;
2
3 = ( 1 2) : 1 1 + 2 +1 1

1
: cos 2
:
2 1 1 1
: :

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