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in
NumPy:
NumPy is an open source library available in Python that used in
mathematical, statistical operations, scientific, engineering, and data
science programming.
Operations using NumPy:
-----------------------
Mathematical and logical operations on arrays.
Fourier transforms and routines for shape manipulation.
Operations related to linear algebra. NumPy has in-built functions for
linear algebra and random number generation.
How to Install & import NumPy:
pip install numpy
import numpy as np
# To check your installed version of Numpy
print (np.__version__)
Python Numpy Array:
===================
NumPy arrays are a bit like Python lists, but still very much different at
the same time.
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a = [10,20,30,40]
print(a)
# np.array() is used to convert python list to a numpy array
b = np.array(a)
print(b)
a = np.array([10,20,30,40)
print(a)
# We can perform mathematical operations like additions, subtraction,
division and multiplication on an array.
a+10
print(a.shape) # Shape of Array
print(a.dtype) # internal data type
b = np.array([10.5,20.2,30.6])
print(b.dtype)
a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5], ndmin = 2)
print(a)
a = np.array([1,2,3], dtype = complex)
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print(a)
# 2 dim array
c = np.array([(1,2,3),
(4,5,6)])
print(c.shape)
# 3 dim array
d = np.array([[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]],[[7,8,9],[10,11,12]]])
print(d.shape)
a = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
print(a.shape)
a = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
a.shape = (3,2)
print(a)
# NumPy also provides a reshape function to resize an array.
a = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
b = a.reshape(3,2)
print(b)
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# ndarray.ndim attribute returns the number of array dimensions.
a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])
print(a)
print(a.ndim) # 1 dimensional array
a = np.array([(1,2,3),(4,5,6)])
print(a)
a.reshape(3,2)
# numpy.empty creates an uninitialized array of specified shape and
dtype
Syntax: numpy.empty(shape, dtype = float, order = 'C')
# 'C' for C-style row-major array, 'F' for FORTRAN style column-major
array
np.empty([3,2], dtype = int)
# The elements in an array show random values as they are not
initialized
# numpy.zeros Returns a new array of specified size, filled with zeros.
np.zeros((2,2))
np.zeros((2,2), dtype=np.int16)
# numpy.ones Returns a new array of specified size, filled with ones.
np.ones(5)
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np.ones([2,2], dtype = int)
# numpy.asarray is used to convert Python sequence into ndarray
a = [1,2,3]
b = np.asarray(a) # convert list to ndarray
print(b)
b = np.asarray(a, dtype = float) # dtype is set
print(b)
a = (1,2,3)
b = np.asarray(a) # ndarray from tuple
print(b)
a = [(1,2,3),(4,5)]
b = np.asarray(a) # ndarray from list of tuples
print(b)
# numpy.arange is used to print the sequence of values
numpy.arange(start, stop,step)
np.arange(5)
np.arange(5, dtype = float)
np.arange(1, 11)
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np.arange(10,20,2)
# numpy.linspace is similar to arange(),instead of step size, works with
length
Syntax: numpy.linspace(start, stop, num, endpoint, retstep, dtype)
np.linspace(10,20,5)
np.linspace(10,20, 5, endpoint = False)
np.linspace(1.0, 5.0, 10)
np.linspace(1.0, 5.0, 5, endpoint=False)
np.linspace(1,2,5, retstep = True)
Indexing & Slicing:
===================
a = np.arange(10)
slice(2,7,2)
a[2:7:2]
a[5] # slice single item
a[2:] # slice items starting from index
a[2:5] # slice items between indexes
a = np.array([[1,2,3],[3,4,5],[4,5,6]])
a[1:] # slice items starting from index
a[...,1] # this returns array of items in the second column
a[1,...] # Now we will slice all items from the second row
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a[...,1:] # Now we will slice all items from column 1 onwards
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9],[10,11,12]])
x[1:4,1:3] # slicing
y = x[1:4,[1,2]] # using advanced index for column
a = np.array([1,2,3,4])
b = np.array([10,20,30,40])
print(a+b)
a = np.array([[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]])
print(a+b) # b is broadcast to become compatible with a
a.T # Transpose
Statistical Functions
np.min(a)
np.max(a)
np.mean(a)
np.median(a)
np.std(a)
Arithmetic operations
np.add(a,b)
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np.subtract(a,b)
np.multiply(a,b)
np.divide(a,b)
np.power(a,2)
NumPy package contains numpy.linalg module that provides all the
functionality required for linear algebra.
a = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
b = np.array([[11,12],[13,14]])
np.dot(a,b) # [[1*11+2*13, 1*12+2*14],[3*11+4*13, 3*12+4*14]]
np.matmul(a,b)
np.vdot(a,b) # 1*11 + 2*12 + 3*13 + 4*14
np.inner(a,b) # 1*11+2*12, 1*13+2*14
3*11+4*12, 3*13+4*14
np.linalg.det(a) # Determinant ad-bc
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
np.linalg.det(x) # 1*(5*9 - 6*8) + 2*(4*9 - 6*7) + 3*(4*8 - 5*7)
Generate random numbers:
========================
# Random numbers between [0,1) of shape 2,2
print(np.random.rand(2,2))
# Normal distribution with mean=0 and variance=1 of shape 2,2
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print(np.random.randn(2,2))
# Random integers between [0, 10) of shape 2,2
print(np.random.randint(0, 10, size=[2,2]))
# One random number between [0,1)
print(np.random.random())
# Random numbers between [0,1) of shape 2,2
print(np.random.random(size=[2,2]))
# Pick 10 items from a given list, with equal probability
print(np.random.choice(['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'], size=10))
# Pick 10 items from a given list with a predefined probability 'p'
print(np.random.choice(['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'], size=10, p=[0.3, .1, 0.1, 0.4,
0.1]))
# Create the random state
rn = np.random.RandomState(100)
# Create random numbers between [0,1) of shape 2,2
print(rn.rand(2,2))
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# Set the random seed
np.random.seed(100)
# Create random numbers between [0,1) of shape 2,2
print(np.random.rand(2,2))
# Create random integers of size 10 between [0,10)
np.random.seed(100)
arr_rand = np.random.randint(0, 10, size=10)
print(arr_rand)
# Get the unique items and their counts
uniqs, counts = np.unique(arr_rand, return_counts=True)
print("Unique items : ", uniqs)
print("Counts : ", counts)
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DATAhill Solutions, KPHB, Hyderabad
Ph: 91 9292005440, 91 7780163743, Mail: info@datahill.in,
www.datahill.in
