ES128: Homework 4
Solutions
Problem 1
Consider a one-element triangular mesh shown in Fig. 1. The boundary
conditions are as follows. The edge BC is constrained in y and traction free in x,
whereas the edge AB is constrained in x and traction free in y. The edge AC is
subject to traction normal to the edge as shown in Fig. 1. Assume Young’s
modulus E= 3 × 10 11 Pa and Poisson’s ratio v=0.3.
a. Construct the stiffness matrix.
b. Calculate the global force matrix.
c. Solve for the unknown displacement matrix and calculate the stress at (1.5,
1.5).
3 (0,3)
(1)
1 (0,0) 2 (3,0)
Fig. 1 Triangular domain with mixed boundary conditions
Solution
We will use the plane strain and plane stress conditions to solve this problem. As
shown in Fig.1, x 1(1 ) = 0 , y1( 1) = 0 , x2(1 ) = 3 , y2(1 ) = 0 , x 3(1 ) = 0 , and y3(1 ) = 3 .
First, with the plane strain condition
1 − v v 0 0.7 0.3 0
(1 )
D =
E v 1−v 0 = 5.77 × 10 0.3 0.7 0 .
11
(1 + v)(1 − 2v)
0 0 (1 − 2v) / 2 0 0 0.2
The shape functions are
N 1(1 ) =
1
2A (1)
( ( ) ( )) 1
3
1
x 2(1 ) y3(1 ) − x 3(1 ) y2(1 ) + y2( 1 ) − y3(1 ) x + x 3(1 ) − x 2( 1 ) y = 1 − x − y ,
3
N 2(1 ) =
1
2A (1 )
( ( ) ( )) 1
x 3(1 ) y1(1 ) − x 1(1 ) y3(1 ) + y3(1 ) − y1(1 ) x + x 1(1 ) − x 3(1 ) y = x ,
3
N 3(1 ) =
1
2A (1)
( ( ) ( )) 1
x 1(1 ) y2(1 ) − x 2(1 ) y1(1 ) + y1( 1 ) − y2(1 ) x + x 2(1 ) − x 1( 1 ) y = y .
3
The strain-displacement matrix is
∂N 1(1 ) ∂N 2(1 ) ∂N 3(1) 1 1
0 0 0 − 0 0 0 0
∂x ∂x ∂x 3 3
∂N 1(1) ∂N 2(1 ) ∂N 3(1 ) 1
1
B (1 ) = 0 0 0 = 0 − 0 0 0 .
∂y ∂y ∂y 3 3
(1 )
∂N 1 ∂N 1(1 )
∂N 2(1 )
∂N 2(1 ) ∂N 3(1) ∂N 3(1 ) − 1 −
1 1 1
0 0
∂y ∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y ∂x 3 3 3 3
The stiff matrix is
K=K (1 ) = ∫ B(1)T D (1) B(1) dΩ = A ( 1) B(1)T D (1) B(1)
Ω
1x 1y 2x 2y 3x 3y
2.5965 1.4425 − 2.0195 − 0.5770 − 0.5770 − 0.8655 1x
1.4425 2.5965 − 0.8655 − 0.5770 − 0.5770 − 2.0195 1y
− 2.0195 − 0.8655 2.0195 0 0 0.8655 2x
= 10 11 .
− 0.5770 − 0.5770 0 0.5770 0.5770 0 2y
− 0.5770 − 0.5770 0 0.5770 0.5770 0 3x
− 0.8655 − 2.0195 0.8655 0 0 2.0195 3y
The force vector is
1 1
1 − 3 x − 3 y 0
1 1
0 1− x − y
3 3
1
x 0
f (Γ1 ) = ∫ N (1 )T tdΓ = ∫
3 7.5 2 dΓ .
Γ23
1 7.5 2
Γ23 0 x
3
1
y 0
3
1
0 y
3
At the edge CA, x=-y+3, dΓ = 2dy Substituting x=-y+3 and dΓ = 2dy into the
above equation yields
0 0
0 0
1 0 0 0 1x
− y + 1 0 0 0 0 1y
3
3 1 15 1 . 5 0 15 22 .5 2x
f (Γ1 ) = ∫ 0 − y + 1 dy = = .
0
3 15 0 1.5 15 22.5 2 y
1y 0 1.5 0 22.5 3 x
3
0 1.5 22.5 3 y
1
0 y
3
0 r1 x
0 r
1y
u2x
22 . 5
In addition, d (1 ) = ; f (Γ1 ) +r (1 ) = .
0 r2 y + 22 . 5
0 r3 x + 22.5
u3 y 22.5
The global stiff matrix is
1x 1y 2y 3x 2x 3y
2 . 5965 1 . 4425 − 0.5770 − 0.5770 − 2 . 0195 − 0.8655 1x
1.4425 2.5965 − 0.5770 − 0.5770 − 0.8655 − 2.0195 1y
− 0.5770 − 0.5770 0.5770 0.5770 0 0 2y
10 11
− 0.5770 − 0.5770 0.5770 0.5770 0 0 3x
− 2.0195 − 0.8655 0 0 2.0195 0.8655 2x
− 0.8655 − 2.0195 0 0 0.8655 2.0195 3y
The global force vector is
r1 x 1x
r 1y
1y
r2 y + 22.5 2 y
r3 x + 22.5 3 x
22.5 2 x
22.5 3 y
2.0195 0.8655 u2 x 22.5
Thus K F = 10 11 ; d F = , fF = .
0.8655 2.0195 u 3 y 22.5
Since d E = 0 ,
0.7799
d F = K F−1 f F = 10 −10 .
0.7799
0
0
0.2600
0.7799 (1 ) −10
; ε (1.5,1.5 ) = B d = 10 0.2600
(1 ) −10 (1)
Thus, d = 10
0 0
0
0.7799
15
σ (1 )
(1.5,1.5) = D (1)
ε (1 )
(1.5,1.5) = 15 .
0
Problem 2
For the two-dimensional loaded plate shown in Fig. 2, determine the
displacement of nodes 1 and 2 and the element stresses using plane stress
conditions. Body force may be neglected in comparison with the external forces.
3 2
e=2
2m
e=1
Thickness t=0.5m
E=30*106Pa, ν=0.25 1
4 x
3m
Fig. 2
Solution
As shown in Fig.2, for elment 1 (node 1, 2, 3), x 1(1) = 3 , y1( 1) = 0 , x 2(1) = 3 , y2(1) = 2 ,
x 3(1 ) = 0 , and y3(1) = 0 . For element 2 (node 3, 4, 2), x 1( 2 ) = 0 , y1( 2 ) = 2 , x 2( 2 ) = 0 ,
y2( 2 ) = 0 , x 3( 2 ) = 3 , and y3( 2 ) = 2 .
With the plane stress condition, the constitutive matrix is
1 v 0 3.2 0.8 0
E
D (1 )
=D (2)
= 2
v 1 0 = 10 0.8 3.2 0
7
1−v
0 0 (1 − v) / 2 0 0 1.2
Following the similar steps, for element 1, the strain-displacement matrix is
0.333 0 0 0 − 0.333 0
(1 )
B = 0 − 0.5 0 0.5 0 0 .
− 0.5 0.333 0.5 0 0 − 0.333
For element 2, the strain-displacement matrix is
− 0.333 0 0 0 0.333 0
(2)
B = 0 0.5 0 − 0.5 0 0 .
0.5 − 0.333 − 0.5 0 0 0.333
(1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) (1)T (1) (1)
For element 1, the stiff matrix K = t A B D B
1x 1y 2x 2y 4x 4y
0.983 − 0.5 − 0.45 0.2 − 0.533 0.3 1x
1.4 0.3 − 1 .2 0.2 − 0.2 1y
0.45 0 0 − 0.3 2x
= 10 7 .
1 .2 − 0.2 0 2y
Symmetry 0.533 0 4x
0 0.2 4y
(2) (2) (2) (2)T (2) (2)
For element 2, the stiff matrix K t A B D B
3x 3y 4x 4y 2x 2y
0. 983 − 0 .5 − 0.45 0.2 − 0.533 0.3 3x
1.4 0.3 − 1 .2 0.2 − 0.2 3y
0.45 0 0 − 0.3 4x
= 10 7 .
1 .2 − 0.2 0 4y
Symmetry 0.533 0 2x
0 0.2 2y
u1 x
0
u2 x
u
The displacement vector is d = 2 y .
0
0
0
0
0
r
1y
0
− 1000
The force vector is f Γ +r=
r3 x .
r3 y
r
4x
r4 y
u1 x
Thus d E = 0 , d F = u2 x ,
u2 y
1x 2x 2y
0.983 − 0.45 0.2 1 x
K F = 10 − 0.45 0.983 0 2 x ,
7
0.2 0 1.4 2 y
0
and f F = 0 .
− 1000
Solving for u1 x , u2 x , u2 y , we obtain
u1 x = 1.913 × 10 −5 m;
u2 x = 0.875 × 10 −5 m;
u2 y = − 7.436 × 10 −5 m.
For element 1,
1.913
0
0.638 - 93.3
−5
0. 875 (1) −5
d = 10 , ε = B d = 10 − 3.718 , σ = D ε = - 1138.7 .
(1 ) (1) (1) (1 ) (1) ( 1 )
− 7 .436 − 0.519 - 62.3
0
0
For element 2,
0
0
0.292 93.4
0
d ( 2 ) = 10 −5 ( 2) (2) (2) −5
, ε = B d = 10 0 , σ = D ε = 23.4 .
(1) (1) ( 1 )
0 2.479 - 297.4
0.875
− 7.436
