REVISION NOTES
TENSES – REVISION NOTES
Mind map
Present tense :
1. Indefinite (Simple) Tense
HV- Helping verb
MV- Main verb
Usage :
(i) Habitual actions : He gets up early in the morning.
(ii) Scientific facts : Water boils at 100o centigrade.
(iii) Universal facts/General truth : The sun rises in the east.
Keywords : daily, never, always etc.
Verb :
HV- Do (Plural Subject)/Does (Singular Subject)- Negative & Interrogative.
MV- 1st form (Plural Subject), I form + e/ es(Singular Subject)- Affirmative sentences.
Sentences
NB- No ‘s/es’ with ‘do/does’
2. Continuous (Progressive, Imperfect) Tense
Usage :
(i) Action taking place at the time of speaking. I am teaching ‘The Rime of the
Ancient Mariner’ by S.T. Coleridge at present.
(ii) Action continued over a period of time in the present. l I am working on a
science project nowadays.
Keywords : nowadays, at present, these days etc.
Verb :
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REVISION NOTES
HV- is, am, are MV- 1st form + ing
3. Present Perfect Tense
Usage :
Just completed an action. I have completed my homework just now.
Keywords : Recently, Just now
Verb :
HV- Has (Singular Subject)/ Have (Plural Subject)
MV- III form
4. Perfect Continuous Tense
Usage :
Action started somewhere in the past but being done now.
Example
(i) I have been living in Baroda for the last two years.
(ii) She has been studying in this school for two years.
Keywords : Since, for *
Verb :
HV- Has been (Singular Subject)/ have been
(Plural Subject)
MV- 1st form + ing
* Since- Point of time For- Period of time
Past Tense:
1.Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense
Usage :
Action done in remote past.
Example
I went to Mathura yesterday.
I did not go to Mathura yesterday.
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REVISION NOTES
Keywords : - yesterday, last, etc.
Verb :
HV- Did
MV- II form (Affirmative sentences)
NB- HV ‘did‘ is used in negative & interrogative sentences.
With HV ‘did‘, 1st form of MV
2.Past Continuous Tense
Usage :
An action do2ne progressively in the past.
Example
He was working on a project, when I last visited him.
Keywords : those days, etc.
Verb :
HV- was, were
MV-1st form + ing
3.Past Perfect Tense
Usage :
An action completed in the past before a said time or another action.
The patient had died before the doctor came.
Keywords : before, when, as soon as etc.
Verb :
HV- had (earlier past)
MV- III form (earlier past) & II form (Past)
4.Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Usage :
An action being done continuously for the said period in the past.
She had been reading for two hours when I reached her house.
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REVISION NOTES
Keywords : since, for
Verb:
HV- had been
MV- 1st form + ing
Future Tense :
1.Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense
Usage :
Refers to simple action which is yet to take place.
I will go to Surat tomorrow.
Keywords : tomorrow, next, coming etc.
Verb :
HV- will, shall (Modals)
MV- I form
NB- 1st Person (I, We) – shall
2nd & 3rd Person (You, He/ She, It, They)-will
2.Future Continuous Tense
Usage :
A progressive future action.
At this time tomorrow, she will be doing her homework.
Keywords : tomorrow at this time etc.
Verb :
HV- will, shall (Modals) + be
MV- I form + ing
3.Future Perfect Tense
Usage :
Refers to an action which will be completed at the said time in future.
I will have prepared supporting material by saturday.
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REVISION NOTES
Keywords : after, by, etc.
Verb :
HV- will, shall (Modals) + have
MV- III form
3. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Usage :
An action which will begin before a definite time in the future and will just end up at
that time or may continue even after that.
When I reach my school at 08:30 a.m. tomorrow,
The teacher will have been giving remedial classes.
Keywords : Since, for, after three years, etc.
Verb :
HV- will, shall (modals) + have been
MV- I form + ing
Future Time Reference
• By using – will/shall
I‘ll go to Agra tomorrow.
• By using – Simple Present tense
What time does the match begin?
• By using – Present Continuous tense
The PM is leaving for America next week.
• By using – Going to :
I am going to take bath.
• By using – about to :
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REVISION NOTES
The train is about to come.
Common Errors in the Usage of Tenses
Incorrect Correct
1. I have come yesterday. 1. I came yesterday.
2. I am working here since 1999. 2. I have been working here since 1999.
3. I am going to school on foot everyday. 3. I go to school on foot everyday.
4. I am having a blue pen. 4. I have a blue pen.
5. He is having a large family. 5. He has a large family.
6. If it will rain, we shall not go out. 6. If it rains, we shall not go out.
TENSES – PRACTICE EXERCISES
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verb given in the brackets.
1.Government Pushes Clean Energy
The Ministry of Renewable Energy (MNRE) ……… (A) ……. (ask) all the union ministries
and public sector units to ……… (B) ……. (adopt) solar energy. So far, the ministry ………
(C) ……. (receive) an encouraging response. India already has a focused solar mission –
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission – which ……… (D) ……. (launch) in January,
2010 and ……… (D) ……. (set) an ambitious target.
Answers:
A. has asked
B. adopt
C. has received
D. was launched
E. has set
2. A. That summer, the river that …………. Through the town dried up. (run)
B. When I phone Seema, she …………… round straightaway. (come)
C. Nobody …………… why she married him. (understand)
D. When Arvind was in China, he. ……………………. To Sheila every week. (write)
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E. She ………… till evening. (play)
Answers:
A. ran
B. came
C. understood
D. wrote
E. played.
3.Samaria wrote a short story but forgot to edit it. There is an error in each line. Write the
incorrect word/phrase and the correction.
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REVISION NOTES
4.Complete the following dialogue using correct tenses.
Mother Rahul, where ……… (A) ……. ?
Sohan: I ……… (B) ……. ……… (C) …….
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Sohan: Yes, mom, I ……… (D) ……. My homework.
Mother: When will you be back from your friend’s house?
Sohan: ……… E ………
Answers:
A. Are you going?
B. Am going to market to buy a book.
C. Have you finished your homework?
D. Have finished
E. I will be back soon
5.Fill in the blanks using the correct form of tenses.
Medi Leaks, a website that ……… (A) ……. (allow) stakeholders to register complaints and
put out irregularities in healthcare; ……… (B) ……. (launch) in the capital yesterday. The
website, ……… (C) ……. (inspire) by Wikileaks, ……… (D) ……. (allow) whistle-blowers
to ……… € ……. (post) information, anonymously. This ……… (F) ……. (check) by a team
of volunteers before ……… (G) ……. (share) on the portal. However, concerns are already
……… (H) ……. (raise) about how it ……… (I) ……. (address) the issue of medical
negligence.
Answers:
A. will allow
B. was launched
C. inspired
D. will allow
E. post
F. will be checked
G. being shared
H. being raised
I. would address
6.In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing
word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it
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REVISION NOTES
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