Krishna Engineering College, Ghaziabad

Department of CSE- AI / AI-ML

Session: 2023-24 Semester: V Section: All
Subject Code: KCS056 Subject Name: Application of Soft Computing
Faculty Name: Pratibha Singh
Assignment-3
Fuzzy Logic-I (Introduction)

Date of Assignment: Submission of Assignment:

SET-A
1) a. What is the normal range of truth values in Boolean logic? And in fuzzy logic?
b.Would it be correct to call fuzzy logic multi‐valued?
c.Define a linguistic variable and its values. Give an example and draw the fuzzy set for t
hat variable. How can a hedge modify this variable, and its fuzzy set?

2) The following fuzzy function was used to calculate membership values for the set healthy
. A membership value of 1 is healthy; a membership value of 0 is not healthy; a members
hip value between 0 and 1 is the degree of membership in the healthy set.

BMI values that range from 20 to 25 are members of the healthy set (1). BMI values
greater than 27 or less then 18 are not members of the healthy set (0). BMI values
close to the healthy range (20 to 25) are a value between 0 and 1. For example, a
BMI of 19.6 is 0.8 degree of membership in the healthy set.
1. Draw the graphic for the healthy set, representing the values, healthy and
unhealthy.
2. What is the degree of membership to the fuzzy set healthy of John who has a BMI
of 26.2? And to the fuzzy set unhealthy?
3. Calculate now your BMI (weight in kg/(length in m)2). What is your degree of
membership for the healthy set?

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 3) Explain the term fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. Compare and contrast classical logic and
fuzzy logic. (2010-11)
4) The task is to recognize English alphabetical characters (F,E,X,Y,I,T) in an image
processing system. Two fuzzy sets I and F are defined to represent the identification of
characters I and F such that I= {(F,0.4),(E,0.3),(X,0.1),(Y,0.1),(I,0.9),(T,0.8)} and F=
{(F,0.99), (E,0.8),(X,0.1),(Y,0.2),(I,0.5),(T,0.5)}. Find the following (i) I ∪ F (ii) (I-F)
(iii) F U F 𝑐 (iv) Verify De Morgan’s law. Write short notes on (i) Fuzzy relation (ii)
Fuzzy to Crisp conversion
5) You are assigned the task of identifying images in an overhead reconnaissance
photograph. The two fuzzy sets representing a car image and a truck image are
defined as:
Car = {0.5 / truck, 0.4 / motor, 0.3 / boat, 0.9 / car, 0.1 / house}
Truck = {1 / truck, 0.1 / motor, 0.4 / boat, 0.4 / car, 0.2 / house}
Find the following:

6) The sides of each die in a pair of dice are numbered from 1 to 6.

When the dice are cast, a "high number" is defined according to
the following membership function:
High number = {1/12, 0.95/11, 0.8/10, 0.6/9, 0.4/8, 0.2/7, 0.1/6, 0.1/5, 0.0/4, 0/3, 0/2}
For a pair of "fair dice" the probability P(x) of getting any
number from 12 to 2 is

What is the probability of throwing a "high number"?

7) Define the membership function and state its importance in Fuzzy logic. Discuss its types
and also the features using your own intuition, plot the fuzzy membership function for the
age of people. Explain Cartesian products of two sets A & B with example.

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 8) Draw fuzzy membership function to describe cold, warm and hot water.
9) Consider the fuzzy sets 𝐴̃ and 𝐵̃ defined on the interval=[0,5] of real numbers, by the
𝑥
membership grade function µ𝐴̃ (x)= µ𝐵̃ (x)= 2−𝑥 Determine the mathematical
𝑥+1

formulae and graphs of the membership grade functions of each of the following sets : a)
𝐴̃𝑐 , 𝐵̃ 𝑐 b) (A
̃ ∪ B
̃) 𝑐
10) Consider two fuzzy sets A and B with membership functions as µ(A)= (x/x+1) and
µ(B)= (x/x+1).
Determine :
a) Aʿ, Bʿ b) A ∩ B c)A U B

11) Discuss in details operation ands and properties of fuzzy sets. Why law of contradiction
and law of exclusive middle are violated in fuzzy set theory under the standard fuzzy set
operations. What is the significance of this?
12) Write short notes on: i) Partition and Covering ii) Rules of Inclusion and Exclusion
13) Let R, S be defined on the sets {1,3,5} X { 1,3,5}
Let R:{(x,y) | y=x+2} S: {(x,y) | x < y}
Determine the relation matrices R and S and R●S by min-max composition.
14) Consider X={2,4,6,8,10}. Find its power set, cardinality and cardinality of power set.
15) For A = {0.2/a, 0.4/b, 1/c, 0.8/d, 0/e} and B = {0/a, 0.9/b, 0.3/c, 0.2/d, 0.1/e}
Draw the Fuzzy Graph of A and B and calculate the following:
a) Support, Core, Cardinality, and Complement for A and B independently
b) Union and Intersection of A and B
c) the new set C, if C = A2
d) the new set D, if D = 0.5xB
e) the new set E, for an alpha cut at A0.5
13) What do you understand by min-max composition of two fuzzy relations? Let X = {x1,x2,x3},
Y= {y1,y2}, Z= {z1,z2,z3}. Determine the matrix for R●S by min-max composition.
Let R be a fuzzy relation: y1 y2
x1 0.3 0.9
x2 0.4 0.1

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 x3 0.5 0.6
Let S be a fuzzy relation:
z1 z2 z3
y1 0.6 0.4 0.7
y2 0.5 0.8 0.9

12) Define partition and covering. Given │E│=100, where E indicates the number of students
who have chosen subjects from different streams in CS discipline, it is found that 32 study
subjects chosen from the CN stream,20 from MMT and 45 from system software(SS) stream.
Also 15 study subjects from both CS and SS stream,7 from both MMT and SS stream, and 10
from CS and MMT stream and 30 do not study any subjects chosen from either of the three
streams. Find the number of students who study subjects belonging to all three streams.