—~ —Operading § Cite ra) ( furl erp. fainadion {ees : i Ontt =1 a |__| he omg Sl} | a Lobqectve of umit : a, ee = [Jubak ts operat Sygtem om Lac] Functions of Op Peete Siem. _ +e 3 Clousitication [yp 23 ~Dperasing 8 i TS & Reak- aie os a 1 > Time shaving OS | 47] Mutt: Proqvomming 8 Multt Processing Grd L thety differences. ~~ Bape Ls} Mutt: Programming 2 Multi “Threading Pig |_ difference. 7 | 63 Spookirg and tts advantages . ert a7 Badeh” Processing Sy System uk Mut? = oo | mir Sustem. ad J gtuctuve [Architecture of Opera nq | System. ia 73 Components of operat System , Sewte — | provided by operating System’ a fol kem@ond Hs pervttion. and aso [Kerra types i 11) Systerh Com 4 42.) ered approach of designing the og.) 28 Process Switch and mabe swrtch . = | gs ot a Letig begin = PSG-1]_ what & operating Syston 1 write PAIS Major function - > Operadins . — | Ee 1 Syster i user —. 2 Operating System works os a bridge bekveen uses ond Computes -haydware . +> Operating System is ar softwose application that contyots “whale working of computer thordwiave. =P Usey con we and access the Ahardnaxe components of System. wing opesating J system. Examp Qi. windowe, Linux, Apple's Mac Cs... Euncttons - 1. Booting C) this foo ptocess where operating System is Joaded and staxt- working. = a Formocting format ald processes works from RAM. go “hock they ean Stove New data. | 3. Managing Gmputer Resources Hib ts In WeAhorsification Ay Operoting System | eT “SR l ard age system Simitds Nsks axe grouped together ond 7) executed S { Less interaction blw wer & system while eveceetion of tak | SG epu is tdhe. EE i | [2 Mere than ene i “Lean CPU choasey oe andl erecutes tt Others ave wat ra a a = Programas} G epo never become {vee ff we have task3 - tr main Memon, { : proqiamms can verde sezit cal fe th Main memory. Time. shaving + + Here muttipte proqrame ean be easel Sinuldeonsouy, > Tme-stot is assiqned to every prog yout,%, Real-time OS- 5 “These 0$ axe wed im emesgenty yequitements on the erecu- ton of Sproagrdame. i) _Nowdays most of the operating Systems ave Real- Tithe Operating Systems. au | inDetafh * | > In Real-time OS each and every | thing ts ina fixed fovmat. J} = _ J for example Medica frnaging systens,| industyfal contvoL systems _ wekpah Sistoms, | J vobotsS etc. Diffevence blw Hard yeah time 2 Sott Teak time 0S - | Tick RpossSe DE | chavacterste Hard vent me Soft 1eok tine! j 14. Response Time | Havd veguiied Soft destved | 2. Peak 2oad Predictabse Degraded performance 3. Contras of Enutvonment Computey, pace = 4.Safery atten evttiear Non exited 5. Sige of data | Saal | medium Large fie8 a Ic. Redundancy Active Checkpoint type Tecove#iy 5. Dasa Tyeegirty| Shott tern torg tet, ‘Tab rtor derectin| Autonomous user assi¢ted3) Properties of ume -shori'ng , Yead- time ond diservbaked operating “system. a (ee t } 4 dime. shoving os 2 See ee * we CPU scheduling and multt-pyro = mming to we system on SERA ante Yt “The Cpt _can Swttch blu pYoqvams~ fast because tt 13 shored blu mutt Users. > Real-time 68> * Those are ussecatay deditated av embed Syste. vee hey _we muadtipie sensors a3 tip 2 o/e devicesz % The system ensuve that the output witt be genevated in a fk span of time. | + Distributed OS - &_Cmputaton ame mare than ane | physieat “pyocestox8. Each processoy_has Tt's own memory, iis x No chock Sharing. i * Tommunicatiot” fakes place hyo { Pe gh communteation Liner — _ e = ae I 7 ——*\__ Mutt. Progvomming System and Malt J Ptocessox_ system. J Wy Mult Programming Sugtemn 4 See Qno- 2 } 7 Mutat = Procassox System > * Rese moxe thon one processors ave cormmunt coding te each other. a Thou shove nekooik , tp ofp devices ig Somed ines memMovh. * Te is possfhle od +00 plocosors yun ~Simmbaandounty [ pavagver . oe Mutt: Processov Systern Za Summetiic ASummekv te Tu -Pyo. — mUtat-PYo. } 5 Aree v : yas Tderetfenct * eve each Pee lo diffeven Speer * Tt Fallows MoRey- « Alithe cpu shared Stove velationship. the camrron mernory 5] Muss thveoding = 7 FE enabies she ideo of mubt’-toaking Tn applioakton) Softoore aDates} ——— Page: a > “Threads can Tun porasier. > Threads hove thay own tifenote. 3 “Threads _wotkd on the ex cotrdept of fotity quent priotity qv ie — 63 Difference b/w mwlkt-procasing g mutt - programming Operating Systems Ff HTT a. Tk Yefers to the [Mukti Proqvamming —— Mutt- Procexst ng q m | Qeerkk keeps Sevevay procerxing of murkiple CPus ak atime. progvams fn main memory at same Um = and execute then Conauvenkdy, ao g b, Tt wes murtipte CPu. 6. Tk wes one Cpu.) Ce Te wbtows pavatler Cc. Switehing beko processing i programe takes pracel| d. Move "me taki d._ tess me taking, d e. Usuattey MOVE expens.| T ve. 2. Legs expewive. J = i hy TU ° pe Youtube (a) Smast Engineer Babu. i aePose | 4.4 Summetitc TUK procexer vis | Asyvhmerie auth?! procexting = Pavormetey | Symmettto Asymmetric. TF 1 Aychitectuve | ALi procecove ave | Asymmor Te th sy mmetste manner ie moter. present Some. Architeckive AMeya proce- Ssore Different Architec tue) Communicarion | Bu shaved Processors memory don't Need ws 40 cond yadled Ostthey ave undesmasiey| processoy. | GD Fouthere process faisure Ho masta! Yeduces compa. péocesco¥ capacity of system. | fetta, ‘ on Shave 5 Processor ‘Decomeys MASKLY > Ease —Compaex y Simpyepate] Page: moastey- glove Computing s |] Ht ts r | Fh Se 4 Vy chor AHL tle Lf Todo: Difference biw batch pieces 9. Gf system and mutt - programming sla UW Gmetioned eontfeW in Q-27 = examples batch processing OS > autoexec. bat_ files“ exeattore i “thig te a bosch | fete. mutt — proqva mm ng Systern > tanning | ; autube and Suhadsapp ot ~@ sayrie time. 8. SPOOLING? 8 7 Tris acxonyrh fot S$ fmudsaneous, Peripheral Operations Online . sats Spoating ts O pLoeess, of putt { 03k [-fobs 7 no special oxea of emo So that OPO ean access them when a fs f1ee. peace aa ——__ -—_ a= hey — = Cord Memory | FV printer ———— tt Readey Hy chrink Spoekionge ~ Tt fs wets because device access data_tn diffevent Yares. 3 Most cormmon exarpse 1 tp tive Spoating! J | Advantages of spoesing, ave ¥ out evieng t | | a. - the spooting uses a dick as avery Sarge butter J b. Te is capabke of overiappina I/p and o/p epevations of differen? fobs. Operating Sugtern Stvuctude -o¥- Loyeved ‘Tstrackuré of om opevecting System. > Stiuclure of operating aystertt ~ > Simple Hructure + layered eappvoach. 3 Micio- kernels + Modules a Csnort engineet bobue * +Date:}———, SS Page: eae 1. Simple Structuye — > _MS-Des fe one of the examples of Simpse St¥uctuve DMS -pos js wrttten to piovide the most functonality tn the east space. Here the axchtlectuve & rot divided tro modules , > Tt follows Minear exeakon. apptication proqvam Lresidert sustem program J. [™s-n08 device drivers ROM BIOS device drivers a layered approach In _this oppYoach -7_The operating system i§ divided tito quumber of SouyeyeZ 3 These Jays ean abo be tefetred as Leveb. > The bottom Sauer Qevek—o)-te the Hovdware and the top-Sanjey Leveal- Nj VT ig the usey- indevioce.Page 4 See Pee — Lee t {| Hardware J | : 3. Micro- Keynes © > These Kind of stiuctuves axe used fox message -pancing blw wert and Systern © pe ee Ee re $. Modutey 2 > __Heve whole sustem fs divided fnto diffevent- diffevert qadulles. > Fach and every modute ro Tee ow task to do. >This is an _extemion of KerneW , heve Kerner contol vortous cove ComnponentS Gnd et Dinix (n_addittonal servicer. 2 This roach alow: certain featuyes 40 be tmplemertied dynamieotty, > hts f the mast efftdient strddiwve of OS. 2 Macos. £4% xe loach t Advantages ‘of Joe d apptoach de The main advantage of Jauerved approach fs stmpiiety of eorBtructton ord debugging. ' 2. Simpafes debugging as system vevificatte, + Re SAS 2. Easy +o implement % Cost effecttue. Disadvantages of, Jayered approach 3 ak ploming Yequived -for defink Sanyers. oe 2 They ave Jers etticient than other ‘ype of gt¥uctures. >_B This approach fave Jess func tonatéties cthon otheY appyoaches « fo} Components of: Speroting System « Components Tricks MPD E [2 Memowy Monagement ag Ly Process Marogemert ly Device Management Fike Monagement TSAy Memay Management : > Keep acts of use of main memory. > Has much memory. te allocated which . FOCUS. 2 > “Adtocate 3 deaWo cate meray, 27 Processor Managements 3 Keep racks of procexsoy ond status of pvocesgove > Adlocation of CPU to a pYocess . 2 | 3 Deatlocaton of CPU. CATR | Contiaiiley | 83 Device Monagemend = 7 _ keep aE of alt devices. 3 To comttatley manages ak Device . > ALlocate & deattocateVdeviess. 4.J Fite management ¢ > Tacks Infovmadton, Location of FAG. 3 Filo known ow. fle system: Allocate, 8 de-alloedtes the oOUT, | H | ] Ee —— lo - Smoxt Engineey Babu |Date: |-——-—] page ~~ en HY Sesutces proutded by the operatirg Syston, : U Setuicoes See oa 2 fe pe DT Prog tan Ete system Exvor execution | - mantpulation detection Jv Llo operations Cormmunicakion 4 a Resource allocation Protection ‘and Soourity 7 TRICKS PIF CE RP tiPEe AX 19.) Kernel - ~ Tt is the ymafn Component of most of the operating. system. > Tt works cba bridge p/w appro ons and actual processing ak Alu. pgp if Appiicadon ) rhordiwave wy Kesnel.fig} —— Page: ar} > Heart of am 08. > Tt provide the lowat devel abstiacten | dayer. wf J Operations p evfesmed by the keyned aye - > _Gontwots the state of the process. > Provide mernovy for the process warming, | = Adlocate; B de-allocatel processes. 7 > Tt maintains a time table .so thot Cpu scheduling can be done. | > Manages oremovy working. Co J u “Types & a | = _%e-entiant_keyneby | > Morotithic kernels > _MicYo-Kexned = te- entiont Kernels: “This kernet fe wre one where many processes / threads con exewte | at one time without affecting each other. J % Tt one process ie ercoting operading | guste proqyans then othey proces J don't Pretevrupt and Aave to walt > Moyotitue _kevned ¢ + kernel _sige is faige x 0S is complex Wdaign. | ® Gntain3s all geviceVot 08.dae }——— i Page} | a Fast Respo we time. = a Message passing oF context Swttcht: TS_mot ‘#quitted. = i | eg ag Ee + Miclo- Kesneh > ri i Smatt kexned ste | Easy +o datan OS ony Tee afd dow evel services provided Qo Wer Respore dime than monolithic ; Kernd. & “They yequive peetsage. passing and : Contest strtehh | | | ; 28:] System Cail? i 3 These ave function calls that ave done 5 1 te perform Some +task- i > These are maferty Written m ¢? and C+t ot any othey system designing Sarquow, > “These system calls provide} gevuices to Appticators while they cabked. How tt & made in fown of @ pYoqyoun Po. SKS Say A progyam fn c+ for adding two Ynumbere fs, E 44 include ¢ fostveam > Using namespace std § fat maint) f —— a fret bY cind> 7 bt Cout << O+b} vekuin 0 5 $ System] functton call be wike, main)! Exampae of System calls ¢ 7 forkOg create new proces exec)? execute a new proqvam in pYecess walt? walt KU execution of process ext: exit from a process erection get MOE get process Mentifer of euvient p Yo. get pid) s get pavent procas identifier. “ior Os _ increase (decrease sige of a process 44. Diffevence ‘brew si atk_ond Kerner Sheth Kevnad o vuns quit after o Th fw of a operating system deat piog tom, pvo@asses — e wel <— kernel o ey hlw <~ wer + CHUT of KeYNOh « B progam trot ~ | tkevaet wstth hi woNote? tohal ave the advantages of the [ever app¥oach foche design of opevasti SySten Wa ra © absgody discussed im Q-9 i 48.) what is the vewon beRind duok mode operation of pv¥ocessars 9 =oR= a whether tt tg possible to eonstyuct a seouse — 0S without having dual made _eperaston fathe— Sy Stem 2 3 Ti duak mode operation, two separode modes ave wed -for wortkrg of operoxing system. Ur & User mode eS e Monier mode. i; > Mode bit ts used i vepYent mode | of the system oO ou OX Y 6 monitoY mode — a aes 1 _wei mode — 3 this mode bit helps us to differentae! the taste, Like T { emputer boot 08 Loaded mentor mode 3 TT semade } <> the watiedged imsitvucttons ate ated only wa_ fn 4Ke manhtot made, ae eviupt | Foult Conitor wer ea — made 8ek we#t ymade 16) Procers Switch and Mode switch Pracers Satteh Mode Switch > Ttoecurxs when the > _ Tt oceuts when processor switches from mode ig switched blu ONE process to another. user & Kernel. > wher ptocas switchi, 3 Ttcon be done nT oceteys then using system cal. eortert of old pracess “Mhists U_spectad gets save in its PCB iystvuat ton thot Sond then new gets the system state process Sood, 40_kerneMmmode. > Fromphe: Ttany _ problem occurs then > Eample? Ta wer process Needs to the system gave access things contYo- quartet process context| Med by Kerma, te fg and excentes New, necessary +o pevform_. made switching. Seed We