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Functional Analysis

Functional analysis is a branch of mathematics that studies vector spaces with additional structures like inner products or norms, and the linear functions between these spaces. It originated from studying spaces of functions and transformations between them, like the Fourier transform. This proved useful for solving differential and integral equations. Functional analysis examines infinite-dimensional vector spaces using topology, in contrast to linear algebra which focuses on finite-dimensional spaces without topology. A key aspect is extending measure, integration, and probability theories to infinite dimensions.

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118 views1 page

Functional Analysis

Functional analysis is a branch of mathematics that studies vector spaces with additional structures like inner products or norms, and the linear functions between these spaces. It originated from studying spaces of functions and transformations between them, like the Fourier transform. This proved useful for solving differential and integral equations. Functional analysis examines infinite-dimensional vector spaces using topology, in contrast to linear algebra which focuses on finite-dimensional spaces without topology. A key aspect is extending measure, integration, and probability theories to infinite dimensions.

Uploaded by

notkhaloody
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Functional Analysis

Functional analysis is a branch of mathematical analysis, the core of which is formed by the study of
vector spaces endowed with some kind of limit-related structure (for example, inner product, norm, or
topology) and the linear functions defined on these spaces and suitably respecting these structures. The
historical roots of functional analysis lie in the study of spaces of functions and the formulation of
properties of transformations of functions such as the Fourier transform as transformations defining, for
example, continuous or unitary operators between function spaces. This point of view turned out to be
particularly useful for the study of differential and integral equations.

The usage of the word functional as a noun goes back to the calculus of variations, implying a function
whose argument is a function. The term was first used in Hadamard's 1910 book on that subject. However,
the general concept of a functional had previously been introduced in 1887 by the Italian mathematician
and physicist Vito Volterra.[1][2] The theory of nonlinear functionals was continued by students of
Hadamard, in particular Fréchet and Lévy. Hadamard also founded the modern school of linear functional
analysis further developed by Riesz and the group of Polish mathematicians around Stefan Banach.

In modern introductory texts on functional analysis, the subject is seen as the study of vector spaces
endowed with a topology, in particular infinite-dimensional spaces.[3][4] In contrast, linear algebra deals
mostly with finite-dimensional spaces, and does not use topology. An important part of functional analysis
is the extension of the theories of measure, integration, and probability to infinite dimensional spaces, also
known as infinite dimensional analysis.

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