Conceptual Framework:
Filipino Nurses PNLE Leakage Scandal
Working Abroad
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Respondents (Filipino Nurses
Working Abroad):
• Length in service
• State/City/ County of
Employment
• Place and Type of
Hospital/Establishment
Employed
• Position/Job Description
• Area of Assignment
• Institution’s Policies
• Institution’s Leadership
Style
• Patient Load
• Staffing Process
• Patterns of Nursing
Care
Intervening Variables
Fig. 1. The Relationship of IV, DV, and Intervening Variables.