AGPI MUSCULAR SYSTEM The tough connenctive tissue covering, which surrounds muscle is called: a. The belly of the muscle b. A tendon c. Fascia d. A sarcomere T/F ‘The less movable attachment sight of a muscle is the insertion site. T/F When a muscle flexes, the entire muscle must flex. It is not possible to have a partial contraction. The prime mover in flexion of the forearm is . Which muscle would be considered Synergists of this action? Antagonists? Fixators? T/F Push-ups are a form of isometric exercise. Which of the following is in correct order from largest to smallest? a. Fasciculus, muscle, myofibril, muscle fiber b. Muscle, fasciculus, myofibril, muscle fiber c. Muscle, fasciculus, muscle fiber, myofibril d. Muscle, Muscle fiber, fasciculus, myofibril is the connective tissue covering surrounding a fasciculus. The plasma membrane of the muscle fiber is called the: a. Syncytium b. Sarcomere ¢. Troponin d. Sarcolemma e. Motor unit T/F The connective tissue covering which encases a muscle fiber is called the epimysium.10. ae T2F 13. 14. 1s. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. The thin myofilament of the sarcomere is composed of the protein ; T/EF Muscle fibers display the characteristic of syncytium. In other words, each cell has only one nucleus. In the space provided below, sketch a sarcomere. Label all muscle filaments, bands, zones, and lines. Which area contains only actin filaments(from #12 above)? Which are contains only myosin filaments? Which are contains both? During muscle contraction which area(s) shrink(s)? filaments have club-like heads capable oF swinging towards the middle of the sarcomere with force. T/F Myosin filaments are capable of bonding to the thin filaments, pulling them towards the center of the sarcomere. This small thread-like molecule is capable of preventing the myosin heads from attaching to actin by blocking the bonding sites of the actin molecule: a. Tropomyosin b. Troponin c. Trypsin a. Thyroxin e. Thrombin This molecule is capable of binding with Ca++, pulling the small thread-like molecule(answer to #19) away from actin, opening the binding sites on actin. The name of this molecule is: a. Tropomyosin b. Troponin c. Trypsin da. Thyroxin e. Thrombin The. isa series of tubes and channels that run through out the cytoplasm of the muscle.22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. ‘The tube-like invaginations of the sarcolemma responsible for conducted impulses into the muscle fiber are called: a. Motor end plates b. Synaptic vessicles c. Transverse clefts d. T-tubules e. Synapatic knobs In the space below, draw and label the parts of a typical neuromuscular junction: 1/F The nerve ending(synaptic knob), which innervates the muscle, comes into direct contact with the sarcolemma. T/F To break a rigor complex, one ATP must be spent. T/F During glycolysis, the sugar glucose is broken in half. Aerobic respiration requires: a. Carbon dioxide b. Oxygen c. ATP d. Lactic acid e. Myoglobin Which process produces more energy, aerobic or anaerobic respiration? I/F Myoglobin is commonly carried in the blood stream. What is the function of myoglobin?31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. Red muscle is: a. Rich in myoglobin and resistant to fatigue b. Rich in myoglobin and susceptible to fatigue c. Low in myoglobin and resistant to fatigue d. Low in myoglobin and susceptible to fatigue Which muscles in the human body are red muscle? Which of the following factors can contribute to fatigue? a. ATP consumption faster than ATP production b. The muscle begins to run out of acetylcholine ¢. Lactic acid builds up d. Being infected with a virus or bacteria which causes illness Low glucose levels : All of the above mo Which of the following displays the All or None response? a. The muscle b. The fasciculus ¢. The muscle fiber d. Actin filament Which of the following is capable of a graded response? a. The muscle b. The muscle fiber c. A motor unit d. ‘The sarcomere What is threshold stimulus? What happens to a motor unit once threshold has been reached? Asynchronous motor unit contraction would be associated with: a. A smooth, controlled muscle movement b. Tetanus c. Harsh jerky movements d. Total muscle relaxation e. B&c T/F In wave summation, the effects of stimuli are added up until the muscle reaches complete tetanus.39. 40. 4. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. a7. 48. 9 Noncontractile elements of the muscle include: a. Perimysium b. Reticular fibers c. Myosin d. Collagen e. All but A £. All but ¢ g. All of the above T/F All muscles are in a state of readiness, with some motor units in tetanus while you are conscious. This is called muscle tone or muscle tonus. T/F A muscle is an organ. T/F Cramps result from a lack of ATP. Creatine phosphate can: a. Act as an energy reserve b. Stimulate the production of cholinesterase c. Transfer its phosphate to ADP to form ATP d. Refill myoglobin with 0, e. A&C f. BéD Which organ is capable of converting lactic acid back into pyruvic acid? When a working muscle experiences a shortage in oxygen, it switches from aerobic respiration to, How many ATP are created per molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration? T/E After the myosin head has bound to actin and pulled it inward, the myosin head must be recharged. This requires the expenditure of an ATP molecule. A motor unit: a. Is a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it controls b. Exhibits asynchronous summation c. Will contract only after a threshold stimulus has been reached da. AGB e. A&C f. Bec49. 50. 51. 52. 53. At a neuromuscular junction, an impulse traveling down a motor neuron would cause the release of, from the synaptic knobs. Receptors, specialized for receiving neurotransmitters, are found in this portion of the sarcolemma: a. The T-tubule b. The synaptic cleft ¢. The synaptic vessicle d. The motor end plate e. The motor unit An impulse carried along the sarcolemma would travel down the T-tubules, causing the release of CA++ ions from: a. ‘The lateral sacs b. The myofibril ¢. The sarcomere d. The myofilaments e. Bac CA++ ions bind to, - This causes ‘to Shift, hence Opening the binding sights on actin. For a muscle to relax: a. Cholinesterase must break down acetylcholine b. CA++ ions must be actively pumped back into the lateral sacs c. The rigor complex must be broken d. All of the above e. None of the above1 2 ESSAYS Describe in detail a muscle contraction from the intial stimulus of the motor neuron to relaxation of the muscle. Describe in detail what happens during oxygen debt. Be sure to include all components, types of respiration, and organs involved.Use a piece of paper to cover up half the page and practice identifying origin, insertion, and action. They switch and cover the other half and identify the muscle. TEMPORALIS MASSETER PTERYGOIDS STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID DIGASTRIC MYLOHYOID STERBOHYOID STERNOTHYROID THYROHYOID SACROSPINALIS SPLENIUS = TEMPORAL FOSSA CORONOID PROCESS, RAMUS OF MANDIBLE = RAISES THE MANDIBLE BHO = ZYGOMATIC ARCH ANGLE, RAMUS OF MANDIBLE RAISES MANDIBLE = SIDE TO SIDE MOVEMENTS OF MANDIBLE ° > BHO " = 2 HEADS MANUBRIUM OF STERNUM MEDIAL PORTION OF CLAVICLE MASTOID PROCESS ROTATE HEAD(SINGLY) FLEX CERVICAL VERTEBRAE (TOGETHER) be ° " Anterior belly-INNER SURFACE OF MANDIBLE Posterior belly-MASTOID PROCESS HYOID BONE RAISES HYOID, ASSISTS IN SWALLOWING INNER SURFACE OF MANDIBLE, HYOID BONE = ELEVATES FLOOR OF MOUTH PHO BH " = MANUBRIUM, MEDIAL END OF CLAVICLE HYOID BONE = PULLS HYOID INFERIORLY = MANUBRIUM THYROID CARTILAGE = PULLS LARYNX INFERIORLY = THYROID CARTILAGE HYOID BONE = PULLS HYOID INFERIORLY RAISES LARYNX BHO BHO BHO COMPOSED OF 3 GROUPS OF MUSCLES OF EITHER SIDE OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN FROM TO BACK OF HEAD A= ERECTS SPINE SPINOUS PROCESSES OF UPPER THORACIC AND 7TH CERVICAL AND LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE UPPER CERVICAL VERTEBRAE EXTENDS THE HEAD ° peINTERTRANSVERSARI I SCALENES INTERSPINALES ROTATORES: SEMISPINALIS DIAPHRAGM EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS RECTUS ABDOMINUS QUADRATUS LUMBORUM TRANSVERSE PROCESS OF ALL VERTEBRAE TRANSVERSE PROCESS OF VERTEBRA ABOVE, ORIGIN = ABDUCTS VERTEBRAL COLUMN HO TRANSVERSE PROCESS OF CERVICAL is? TWO RIBS FLEX, ROTATE NECK ASSIST IN INSPIRATION BHO DB ° = SUPERIOR SURFACE OF ALL SPINOUS PROCESSES INFERIOR SURFACE OF SPINOUS PROCESS ABOVE ORIGIN EXTEND VERTEBRAL COLUMN = ALL TRANSVERSE PROCESSES BASE OF SPINOUS PROCESS ABOVE ORIGIN (short) BASE OF SPINOUS PROCESS THO VERTEBRAE ABOVE ORIGIN (1ong) A = EXTEND VERTEBRAE COLUMN (both sides) ROTATE VERTEBRAE COLUMN (one side) © = TRANSVERSE PROCESS OF THORACIC AND 7TH CERVICAL I = SPINOUS PROCESS OF CERVICAL AND UPPER THORACIC = EXTEND HEAD, POSTURE MUSCLE = MOST IMPORTANT MUSCLE FOR BREATHING INFERIOR BORDER OF RIBS SUPERIOR BORDER OF RIB BELOW ASSIST IN INSPIRATION = INNER SURFACE OF RIBS SUPERIOR BORDER OF RIB BELOW ASSIST IN INSPIRATION PHO BHO DB hud = PUBIC CREST XIPHOID PROCESS COMPRESS ABDOMINAL CAVITY FLEXES VERTEBRAE COLUMN PHO POSTERIOR PORTION ILIAC CREST 12TH RIB, TRANSVERSE PROCESSES OF LUMBAR VERTEBRAE Ho EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE KNOW ARRANGEMENT AND FIBER INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE DIRECTION TRANSVERSE ABDOMINUS A= COMPRESS ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITYLEVATOR ANT coccyGEus TRAPEZIUS RHOMBOIDEUS LEVATOR SCAPULAE PECTORALIS MINOR SERRATUS ANTERIOR PECTORALIS MAJOR LATISSUMUS DORST DELTOID BHO BHO BHO RHO pe = KEEP THINGS FROM FALLING OUT OF THE PELVIC CAVITY = OCCIPITAL BONE, LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE, SPINOUS PROCESSES 7TH CERVICAL AND THORACIC = LATERAL CLAVICLE, ACROMION PROCESS, SPINE OF SCAPULA = ELEVATES, DEPRESSES, ROTATES ADDUCTS, STABILIZES SCAPULA. 79H CERVICAL TO 5TH THORACIC VERTEBRAL BORDER OF SCAPULA = ADDUCT, STABILIZES, AND ROTATES DOWNWARD. TRANSVERSE PROCESSES C1-C4 SUPERIOR ANGLE OF SCAPULA = ELEVATES SCAPULA = 3RD THROUGH STH RIBS CORACOID PROCESS OF SCAPULA = DEPRESSES SCAPULA, PULLS SCAPULA ANTERIORLY 1sT 8 OR 9 RIBS VERTEBRAL BORDER OF SCAPULA STABILIZES, ABDUCTS, AND ROTATES SCAPULA UPWARD = MEDIAL CLAVICLE, STERNUM, COSTAL CARTILAGE OF 1ST 6 RIBS = GREATER TUBERCLE, INTERTUBICULAR GROOVE, = FLEXES, ADDUCT, AND MEDIALLY ROTATES HUMERUS = SPINOUS PROCESS OF LOWER 6 THORACIC, LUMBAR VERTEBRAE SACRUM, POSTERIOR ILIAC CREST ALL VIA LUMBODORSAL, FASCIA, = GREATER TUBERCAL, INTERTUBICULAR GROOVE, = EXTENDS, ADDUCT, MEDIALLY ROTATES HUMERUS LATERAL CLAVICLE, ACROMION PROCESS, SPINE OF SCAPULA DELTOID TUBEROSITY ABDUCTS HUMERUS, ANTERIOR FIBERS FLEX, POSTERIOR FIBERS EXTENDSUPRASPINATOUS INFRASPINATOUS SUBSCAPULARIS TERES MAJOR TERES MINOR BICEPS BRACHIT BRACHIALIS TRICEPS BRACHII BRACHIOADIALIS. ILIOPSOAS GLUTEUS MAXIMUS HO BHO BHO BHO BHO ° PHO DH PHO BHO BHO BH SUPRASPINOUS FOSSA. GREATER TUBERCLE INITIATES ABDUCTION OF HUMERUS INFRASPINOUS FOSSA. LESSER TUBERCLE, ROTATES HUMERUS LATERALLY = SUBSCAPULAR FOSSA LESSER TUBERCLE = ROTATES HUMERUS MEDIALLY INFERIOR ANGLE OF SCAPULA UNDER AXILLA TO LESSER TUBERCLE = ADDUCTS, EXTENDS, AND MEDIALLY ROTATES HUMERUS MIDWAY UP AXILLARY BORDER WRAPS AROUND OUTSIDE OF HUMERUS TO GREATER TUBERCLE ROTATES HUMERUS LATERALLY, WEAKLY ADDUCTS AND EXTENDS LONG HEAD-SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE SHORT HEAD-CORACOID PROCESS RADIAL TUBEROSITY FLEXES, SUPINATES FOREARM we LOWER 1/2 HUMERUS, ANTERIOR SIDE CORONOID PROCESS OF ULNA = FLEXES 4-ARM, ESPECIALLY IN THE PRONATED POSITION = LONG HEAD-INFRAGLENOID TUBERCLE LATERAL HEAD-POSTERIOR SURFACE OF HUMERUS MEDIAL HEAD-POSTERIOR HUMERUS BELOW RADIAL GROOVE = OLECRANON PROCESS OF ULNA = EXTENDS THE FOREARM = DISTAL PORTION OF HUMERUS STYLOID PROCESS OF RADIUS FLEXES THE FOREARM = LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, ILIAC CREST LESSER TROCHANTER = MOST POWERFUL FLEXOR OF FEMUR = POSTERIOR ILIUM AND SACRUM POSTERIOR FEMUR, ILIOTIBIAL BAND = PRIMARY EXTENSOR OF FEMURGLUTEUS MEDUAS GLUTEUS MINIMUS TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE ADDUCTOR MAGNUS ADDUCTOR LONGUS ADDUCTOR BREVIS GRACILIS SARTORIUS RECTUS FEMORIS VASTUS LATERALIS VASTUS MEDIALIS VASTUS INTERMEDIUS LATERAL ILIAC CREST GREATER TROCHANTER ABDUCT, MEDIALLY ROTATES THIGH LATERAL ILIUM = GREATER TROCHANTER = ABDUCTS, MEDIALLY ROTATES THIGH = ANTERIOR PORTION OF ILIAC CREST LATERAL TIBIA, FIBULA BY WAY OF ILIO-TIBIAL BAND STABILIZES KNEE WHILE WALKING HO BHO BHO > 1 PUBIS, ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY LINA’ ASPERA ADDUCTS, LATERALLY ROTATES THIGH CREST AND SYMPHYSIS OF PUBIS LINEA ASPERA ADDUCT, LATERALLY ROTATES THIGH INFERIOR RAMUS OF PUBIS LINEA ASPERA = ADDUCTS, LATERALLY ROTATES THIGH = SYMPHYSIS PUBIS, PUBIC ARCH PROXIMAL MEDIAL TIBIA(Passes behind knee joint) = ADDUCTS THIGH, FLEXES LEG HO PHO BHO BHO ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE PROXIMAL MEDIAL TIBIA ASSISTS IN FLEXING THIGH AND LEG LATERALLY ROTATES THIGH PHO D ANTERIOR INTERIOR ILIAC SPINE TIBIAL TUBEROSITY * EXTEND LEG, ASSIST IN FLEXION OF THIGH BHO LINEA ASPERA = TIBIAL TUBEROSITY * EXTEND LEG, ASSIST IN FLEX THIGH = LINEA ASPERA TIBIAL TUBEROSITY * EXTEND LEG, ASSIST IN FLEX THIGH ANTERIOR SHAFT OF FEMUR TIBIAL TUBEROSITY * EXTEND LEG, ASSIST IN FLEX THIGH PHO BHO BHO *VIA THE PATELLAR TENDONBICEPS FEMORIS SEMITENDINOSUS SEMIMENBRANOSUS TIBIALIS ANTERIOR PERONEUS LONGUS GASTROCHNEMIUS SOLEUS PHO DH O BHO BHO BHO ° RHO De = LONG HEAD-ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY SHORT HEAD=LINEA ASPERA LATERAL TIBIA AND FIBULA X LEG, LONG HEAD EXTEND THIGH ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY PROXIMAL MEDIAL TIBIA FLEXES LEG, EXTENDS THIGH = ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY PROXIMAL MEDIAL TIBIA FLEXES LEG, EXTENDS THIGH = LATERAL 2/3'S OF TIBIA, INTEROSSEOUS LIGAMENT = 1ST METATARSAL DORSIFLEXES AND INVERTS FOOT = PROXIMAL 2/3'S OF LATERAL FIBULA BOTTOM SURFACE OF 1ST METATARSAL = PLANTAR FLEXES, EVERTS FOOT = MEDIAL AND LATERAL EPICONDYLES OF FEMUR CALCANEUS VIA ACHILLES TENDON LEXES LEG, PLANTAR FLEXES FOOT POSTERIOR FIBULA AND TIBIA CALCANEOUS VIA ACHILLES TENDON = PLANTAR FLEXES THE FOOTA&PI MUSCULAR SYSTEM ac 2. Forigin 3. Feit is possible 4. biceps brachii; brachialis, brachioradialis; triceps brachii 3. F 6c 7. Perimysium 8D 9. F-epimysium encases entire muscle 10. actin 11. F-multinucleate 12, see your notes & text! 13, L-band 14, Hezone 15. A-band 16, L-band, H-zone, sarcomere 17. myosin 18.T 19.A 20.B 21. sarcoplasmic reticulum23. See your notes & text! Label synaptic bulb, synaptic cleft, synaptic vessicles with neurotransmitters (like acetylcholine), motor endplate with receptors for acetylcholine, T-tubule, sarcolemma, muscle fiber 24, F-there is a synaptic cleft 25.7 26. T 27. B 28. aerobic (TCA cycle, electron transport chain) 29. Fecarried in muscle 30. storage of extra oxygen 3A 32. posture muscles, walking muscles 33. F 34. C 35. A 36. minimum stimulus required to cause contraction =threshold stimulus, What happens - it contracts! 3A oT 39. F 40. T 4 T BE44, liver (the "super" organ!) 45. anaerobic respiration 46. 36 ATPs 47.7 43. E 49. acetylcholine 50. D sla 52. troponin tropomyosin 53. D ESSAYS - See your notes, text, instructor! (mascLeap)