1.A)A box I contains 7 red balls, 3 black and 5 white balls.

Box II contains 9 red ,2 black and 4 white

balls ,Box III containing 10 red, 5 black and 5 white balls.
A box is chosen at random and a ball is drawn from it, what is the probability that it is (i) Red (ii)
Black

B) A,B,C are aiming to shoot a balloon .A will succeed 4 times out of 5 attempts. The chance B to
shoot the balloon is 3out of 4 and that of C is 2 out of 3. If the three aim the balloon simultaneously,
then find the probability that at least two of them hit the balloon

2. a) In a certain college 25% of boyes and 10% of girls are studying mathematics the girls constitutes
60% of the students. If a student was selected and was found to be studying mathematics. Find the
probability that the student is a (i) Girl (ii)Boy

b) State and prove the addition theorem

3. A) Two factories produce identical clocks. The production of the first factory consists of 10,000
clocks of which 100 are defective. The second factory produce 20,000 clocks of which 300 are
defective .What is the probability that a particular defective clock was produced in the first factory?
B) State addition theorem
A bag contains 12 balls numbered from 1 to 12 .If a ball is taken at random, what is the probability of
having a ball with a number which is a multiple of either 2 or 3

4. a)Two marbles are drawn in succession from a box containing 10 red ,30 white, 20 blue and 15
orange marbles, with replacement being made after each draw. Find the probability that
(i)Both are white
(ii)First is red and second is white
b) Three students are in a swimming race. A and B have the same probability of winning and each is
twice as likely to win C. find the probability that (i) B wins (ii) C wins (iii)B or C wins

5. A random variable x has the following probability distribution.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

P(x=x) k 2k 3k 4k 5k 6k 7k 8k

b) Find the value of

(i) K (ii) p(x 2) (iii) p(2  x ≤ 5).

6. Let X denote the minimum of the two numbers that appear when a pair of fair dice is thrown once.
Determine the
(i)Discrete probability distribution (ii) Expectation (iii)Variance
7. Let F(X) be the distribution function of random variable X given by

𝑐𝑥 3 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝑓(𝑥) = { 1, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 > 3
0, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≤ 0
Determine (i) c (ii) mean (iii) p(x>1)
8. A Sample of 4 items is selected at random from a box containing 12 items of which 5 are defective.
Find the expected number E of defective items.
9. Derive the mean of Normal distribution
In a normal distribution 31% of the items are under 45 and 8% are over 64. Find the mean and
variance of the distribution.

10. A Population consisting of five numbers 2,3,6,8,and 11.Consider all possible samples of size two
which can drawn with replacement from this population. Find
(a) The mean population
(b) The standard deviation of the population
(c) The mean of the sampling distribution of mean and
(d) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means

11. An Oceanographer wants to check whether the depth of the ocean in a certain region is 57.4
fathoms, as had previously been recorded .What can he conclude at the 0.05 level of significance , if
reading taken at 40 random locations in the region yielded a mean of 59.1 fathoms with a standard
deviation of 5.2 fathoms

12. Random sample of 400 men and 200 women in a locality were asked whether they would like to
have a bus stop near their residence. 200 men and 40 women in favour of the proposal. Test the
significance between the difference of two proportions at 5% level

13. A)If f(x) is the distribution function x given by

0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 1,
4
𝐹(𝑥) = {𝑘(𝑥 − 1) 𝑖𝑓 1 < 𝑥 ≤ 3,
1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 1
Determine (i) f(x) (ii) k (iii) mean

B) Show that mean and variance are equal in the Poisson distribution

14. A) The Probability of a Poission variate taking the values 1 and 2 are equal. Calculate (i)P(X=0)
(ii)P(X=3) (iii)𝜇 (iv) 𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 1)

B) Eight coins are tossed. Find the probability of getting heads. ( i) P(x=3) (ii)𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 4)

15. a) Write the properties of normal distribution

b) In a Normal distribution,7% of the items are under 35and 89% are under 63. Determinethe mean
and variance of the Distribution.

16. If the population is 3,6,9,15,27

(a) List all possible samples of size 3 that can be taken without replacement from the finite
population
(b) Calculate the mean of each of the sampling distribution of means
c) Find the standard deviation of sampling distribution of means.

17. a) A researcher wants to know the intelligence of students in a school. He selected two groups of
students. I the first group there 150 students having mean IQ of 75 with a S.D. of 15 in the second
group there are 250 students having mean IQ of 70 with S.D. of 20. Is there a significant difference
between the mean of two groups.
b) A manufacturer claimed that atleast 95% of the equipment which he supplied to a factory
conformed to specifications. An examination of a sample of 200 pieces of equipment revealed that
18 were faulty. Test his claim at 5% level of significance.
 18 a) The average breaking strength of the steel rods is a specified to be 18.5 thousand pounds. To
test this sample of 14 rods were tested .The mean and standard deviations obtained were 17.85 and
1.955 respectively. IS the result of experiment significant?
b) In one sample of 10 observations, the sum of the squares of the deviations of the
sample values from sample mean was 120 and in the other sample of 12 observations, it
was 314.Test whether the difference is significant at 5% level?

19.A random sample of six steel beams has a mean compressive strength of 58.392 p.s.i(pouns per
square inch) with a standard deviation of 648 p.s.i .Use this information and the level of significance
𝛼=0.05 to test whether the true average compressive strength of the steel from which this sample
came is58,000 p.s.i. Assume normality

20.Two horses A and B were tested according to the time(in seconds) to run a particular
track with the following results.
Horse A 28 30 32 33 33 29 34
Horse B 29 30 30 24 27 29
Test whether the two horses have the same running capacity.

21. a) Explain classification of states and chains of markov process.

b) A gambler has Rs.2. He bets Rs.1 at a time and wins Rs.1 with the probability 0.5. He stops playing
if he loses Rs.2 or wins Rs.4.
(a) What is the transition probability matrix of the related Markov chain?
(b) What is the probability that he has lost his money at the end of 5 plays?

22. If the transition probability matrix of market shares of three brands A,B and C

0.4 0.3 0.3

is( 0.8 0.1 0.1) and the initial market share are respectively 50%,25% and 25%,
0.35 0.25 0.4
Find (a) The market shares in second and third periods
(b)The limiting probabilities.

23. Explain about Markov Processes, Stationary Processes and also explain about dependent and
independent Stochastic Processes
0.3 0.7 0
24. The transition probability matrix of a morkov chain is given by[0.1 0.4 0.5] verify
0 0.2 0.8
Whether the matrix is irreducible or not?

25. A fair die is tossed repeatedly. If 𝑋𝑛 denotes the maximum of the numbers occurring in the first n
tosses, find the transition probability matrix P of the markov chain{𝑋𝑛 }. Find also 𝑃2 and 𝑃{𝑋2 = 6}.