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Lecture Notes - Digital Gates

The document describes the 7 basic logic gates used in digital circuits: NOT, AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. Each gate is defined by how it logically operates on binary inputs to determine the binary output. The NOT gate inverts a single input, the AND and NAND gates output 1 only when all inputs are 1 or 0 respectively, and the OR and NOR gates output 0 only when all inputs are 0 or 1 respectively. The XOR and XNOR gates output 1 when the two inputs are different or the same, respectively. Truth tables showing the output for all possible input combinations are provided for each gate.

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33 views7 pages

Lecture Notes - Digital Gates

The document describes the 7 basic logic gates used in digital circuits: NOT, AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. Each gate is defined by how it logically operates on binary inputs to determine the binary output. The NOT gate inverts a single input, the AND and NAND gates output 1 only when all inputs are 1 or 0 respectively, and the OR and NOR gates output 0 only when all inputs are 0 or 1 respectively. The XOR and XNOR gates output 1 when the two inputs are different or the same, respectively. Truth tables showing the output for all possible input combinations are provided for each gate.

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barstowcollege2012
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The Seven Basic Logic Gates:

1. NOT Gate (Inverter):

Is a single input gate that simply inverts the input; that means if the input is 0 the output will be
1, and if the input is 1 the output will be 0

U F

F = U’ or F = ~U or F=Ū
or F = ⴈU

U F
0 1
1 0

2. AND Gate:
The AND gate is a multi-input gate that logically ANDs all inputs. The output will be HIGH (1)
only when ALL inputs are HIGH (1s), otherwise the output is LOW (0) . In other words: “For the
output to be 1, input1 AND input2 AND input3 AND … must be 1

ANDing is sometimes referred to as “Logical Multiplication”.

2 – input AND Gate: 3 – input AND Gate:


A B F A B C F
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1

3. OR Gate:
The OR gate is a multi-input gate that logically ORs all inputs. The output will be LOW (0) only
when ALL inputs are LOW (0s), otherwise the output is HIGH (1)

In other words: “For the output to be 1, input1 OR input2 OR input3 OR … must be 1

ORing is sometimes referred to as “Logical Addition”.


2 – input OR Gate: 3 – input OR Gate:

A B F A B C F
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1

4. Exclusive-OR (EXOR) (XOR) Gate:


The XOR gate is a two-input gate. The output will be LOW (0) if the two inputs are the same, the
output will be HIGH (1) if the two inputs are different.

XOR Gate:
A B F
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

5. NAND Gate:
The NAND gate is the opposite of the AND gate. The output will be LOW (0) only when ALL
inputs are HIGH (1s), otherwise the output is HIGH (1)

2 – input NAND Gate: 3 – input NAND Gate:


A B F A B C F
0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0

6. NOR Gate:
The NOR gate is the opposite of the OR gate. The output will be HIGH (1) only when ALL inputs
are LOW (0s), otherwise the output is LOW (0)

2 – input NOR Gate: 3 – input NOR Gate:

A B F A B C F
0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0

7. Exclusive-NOR (EXNOR) (XNOR) Gate:


The XOR gate is a two-input gate. The output will be LOW (0) if the two inputs are the same, the
output will be HIGH (1) if the two inputs are different.
XNOR Gate:

A B F
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

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