#include <stdio.
h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define N 5
#define MAX_LEN 15
int main()
{
//-----------demo1----------//
//without size
// char date1[] = "June 14";
// char date2[] = {'M','a','y',' ','1','4','\0'};
//Also, we can initialize a string variable using a pointer:
// Similar to char date1[] = "June 14"
// char *date1 = "June 14"; //| J | u | n | e | | 1 |4 | \0
// // Similar to char date2[] = "May 14"
// char *date2 = "May 14";
////with size
// char date1[MAX_LEN+1] = "June 14"; // +1 for '\0'
// char date2[MAX_LEN+1] = "May 14";
// //printing string by printf, puts
// printf("%s\n", date1);
// printf("%s\n", date2);
// puts(date2);
//-----------demo2----------//
//string = array of char ended with \0
//Initializing a String Variable
// char date1[MAX_LEN+1] = "June 14"; // +1 for '\0' --> 16 slot
// char date2[] = "June 14"; //8slots
// //char *date2 = "June 14";
// strcpy(date1,"January 8"); // date1 = "January 8"
// //date1 = "January 8"; //wrong
// //strcpy(date2,"January 8"); //Abort trap: 6 Error
// printf("%s\n", date1);
// printf("%s\n", date2);
//-----------demo3----------//
//------scanf(), fgets() and getchar() to read string------
//-------1. read word vs. many words
//-------2. If inputs more than max_size -> scanf will prompt error but
//fgets will auto keep the value + \0
//Welcome to ICT, Hello World!, Fundamental of programming, MUICT,
a_very_long_sentence
// char name [15]; //| H | e | l | l | o | \0
// scanf("%s", name); //name [] is Welcome\0 ,
// printf("%s\n",name);
// puts(name);
//it can be space, enter, tab it will stop reading and the null char (\0) will
be added automatically
//fgets: it is a good way to read words
// char name [15];
// fgets(name, 5, stdin); //name [] is Welcome to ICT\0, MUICT\n\0
// printf("%s\n",name);
// puts(name);
//getchar: get each char with loop
// char input_str[MAX_LEN];//15 | t i p\n
// int i = 0; //1
// char c = getchar(); //t
// while((i < MAX_LEN - 1) && (c != '\n')) { //the last slot for \0 i<14, c
// input_str[i++] = c; //| t | i | p | \0
// c = getchar(); //i
// }
// input_str[i] = '\0';
// printf("%s\n", input_str);
// for (i = 0; i < MAX_LEN; ++i){
// if(input_str[i] == '\0') break; //--> have some gabage values
// putchar(input_str[i]); //print each char
// }
// printf("\n");
//-----------demo4----------//
//15
/*
char str1[MAX_LEN] = "Google"; // if no MAX_LEN, we cannot store a longer
string.
char str2[MAX_LEN] = "Microsoft";
//str2 = str1; //Error !! --> Cannot assign the value with ‘=’
//strcpy(str2, str1); // strcpy() is typically used to assign string value
strcpy(str1, str2);
printf("%s %s\n", str1, str2);
*/
//
//-----------demo5----------//
// char str1[] = "Google"; //| G | o | o | g | l | e | \0 |
// char str2[] = "Microsoft";
// char str3[] = "Apple"; //| A | p | p | l | e | \0 |
// strcpy(str2, str1);
// printf("%s %s\n", str1, str2); //
//strcpy(str3, str1); // Error !! --> the size of str3 is smaller than str1
//printf("%s %s\n", str1, str3);
//-----------demo6----------//
// char fname[MAX_LEN], lname[MAX_LEN], fullname[MAX_LEN]; //15 | t|i |p | |
t | h | a |i
// scanf("%s", fname); //tip
// scanf("%s", lname); //thai
// printf("# of chars in fname: %lu\n", strlen(fname));
// printf("# of chars in lname: %lu\n", strlen(lname));
// strcpy(fullname, fname);
// strcat(fullname, " ");
// strcat(fullname, lname);
// printf("Fullname: %s\n", fullname);
// printf("# of chars: %lu\n", strlen(fullname));
//-----------demo7 (while, for loop through string)----------//
//while loop
/*
char str[] = "This is an Alphabet."; // a
int i = 0;
int num_a = 0;
while (str[i] != '\0') { // Check for end-of-string
if (str[i] == 'A' || str[i] == 'a') { //(tolower(str[i]) == 'a') {
num_a++;
}
i++;
}
printf("%d\n", num_a);
*/
//for loop
/*
char str[] = "This is an Alphabet.";
int num_a = 0;
for(int i = 0; i<strlen(str); i++){
if (str[i] != '\0') { // Check for end-of-string
if (str[i] == 'A' || str[i] == 'a') {
num_a++;
}
}else{
break;
}
}
printf("%d\n", num_a);
*/
//-----------demo8 (Copy string)----------//
/*
char str1[] = "Hi";
char str2[MAX_LEN];
int i=0;
// Check for end-of-string and array size
while ((str1[i] != '\0') && (i < MAX_LEN-1)) {
str2[i] = str1[i];
i++;
}
str2[i] = '\0'; // Don’t forget the end-of-string
//strcpy(str2, str1);
printf("%s\n", str2);
*/
//-----------demo9 (Replace Characters)----------//
/*
char str[] = "This_is_a_VEry_Long_stRIng.";
int i = 0;
printf("Before: %s\n", str);
while (str[i] != '\0') {
if (str[i] == '_') {
str[i] = ' ';
}
i++;
}
printf("After: %s\n", str);
*/
//-----------demo10 (Toggle Characters)----------//
/*
char str[] = "This_is_a_VEry_Long_stRIng.";
int i = 0;
printf("Before: %s\n", str);
while (str[i] != '\0') {
if (isalpha(str[i])) { //return 1 if it is character is a letter
if (islower(str[i])) { //isupper(), isdigit()
str[i] = toupper(str[i]);
} else {
str[i] = tolower(str[i]);
}
}
i++;
}
printf("After: %s\n", str);
*/
return 0;
}
