Introduction
of
Automobile
Engineering
1:10
UNIT-2
2:10
6. Fuel System of SI
Engine
6-1. Components of carbureted Fuel System
6-2. Construction, Working Principle & Type of Carburetor
6-3. Fuel Pump, Fuel Filter, Air Filter
6-4. Petrol Injection System
6-5. MPFI(Multi-Point Fuel Injection) System
6-6. EFI(Electronic Fuel Injection) System
3:10
6-1. Components of Carbureted Fuel
System
1. Inlet
2. Venturi Throat
3. Floating Chamber
4. Pressure Equalizing Passage
1 5. Calibrated Orifice
4 6. Fuel Discharge Tube
7. Throttle Plate
2
6
5 3
7
4:10
6-2. Construction, Working Principle
& Type of Carburetor
■ Carburetor Working Principle
Fuel Vaporization (Air-Fuel Mixing)
Air-Fuel Ratio
Idle Partial Load 5:10 Full Load
6-3. Fuel Pump, Fuel Filter & Air Filter
■ Electronic Fuel Delivering System for Gasoline Engine
6:10
6-3. Fuel Pump, Fuel Filter & Air Filter
■ Simplified Fuel Delivering System for Gasoline Engine
7:10
6-3. Fuel Pump, Fuel Filter & Air Filter
■ Fuel Tank and Fuel Pump
8:10
6-4. Petrol Injection System
■ Gasoline Fuel Injector
Port Fuel Injection System
9:10
Direct Injection System
6-4. Petrol Injection System
■ ADVANTAGES OF GASOLINE INJECTION SYSTEM
Fuel supply as per engine requirement under all load & speed
condition
Design of manifold is simple since only air is passing through
manifold
Better volumetric efficiency and increased power due to absence of
venturi
Fuel injection system is free from icing
Starting and acceleration is much better than carburetor system
such as rapid engine response
Provides identical air-fuel ratio mixture to all cylinders
Overall, fuel injection produces much more lower emission and low
fuel consumption than carburetors
■ DISADVANTAGES OF GASOLINE INJECTION SYSTEM
Expensive and complicated
10:10
6-4. Petrol Injection System
■ SPI(Single Point Injection) System
Located at same place as carburetor
Also called TBI(Throttle Body Injector)
or CPI(Central Point Injection)
Low Cost
Step stone from Carburetor to MPI
(Multi-Port Injection)
Cannot solve unequal distribution of
Air-Fuel mixture cylinder by cylinder
11:10
6-5. MPFI(Multi-Point Fuel Injection)
system
■ Inject fuel into intake ports just
upstream of each cylinder’s intake
valve
■ Three type by injection style
Batch
Injected to the cylinders in groups, with
out precisely bringing together to any
particular cylinder’s intake stroke
Simultaneous
Injected at the same time to all cylinders
Sequential
Injection is timed to coincide with each
cylinder’s intake stroke
12:10
6-5. MPFI(Multi-Point Fuel Injection)
system
■ ADVANTAGE OF MPI SYSTEM
More uniform A/F mixture will be supplied to each cylinder, hence
the difference in power developed in each cylinder is minimum.
Vibration from the engine equipped with this system is less, due to
this the life of engine components is improved
No need to crank the engine twice or thrice in case of cold
starting as happens in the carburetor system
Immediate response, in case of sudden acceleration /deceleration
Since the engine is controlled by ECM* (Engine Control Module),
more accurate amount of A/F mixture will be supplied and as a
result complete combustion will take place. This leads to effective
utilization of fuel supplied and hence low emission level
The mileage of the vehicle will be improved
13:10
6-5. MPFI(Multi-Point Fuel Injection)
system
Carburetor vs Fuel Injector System
SPI MPI 14:10
GDI
6-5. MPFI(Multi-Point Fuel Injection)
system
GDI(Gasoline Direct Injection) System
Major Technology of GDI Engine
Upright straight intake port
High pressure fuel pump
High pressure swirl injector
curved top piston
15:10
6-5. MPFI(Multi-Point Fuel Injection)
System
GDI(Gasoline Direct Injection) System
GDI vs MPI SYSTEM
GDI MPI
Bore x Stroke, mm 81.0 x 89.0 ←
Displacement, cc 1834 ←
Number of Cylinder L4 ←
Configuration DOHC ←
Valve Train
Number of Valve Intake : 2, Exhaust : 2 ←
Compression Ratio 12.0 10.5
Combustion Chamber Curved top piston Plat top piston
Intake Port Upright Straight Standard
Fuel System In-cylinder Direct Injection Port Injection
Fuel Pressure, MPa 50 3.3
16:10
6-5. MPFI(Multi-Point Fuel Injection)
System
Variable Air Induction System
2 Stage Variable System
Low RPM Medium RPM High RPM
17:10
3 Stage Variable System
6-6. EFI(Electronic Fuel Injection)
System
■ In EFI System, all the process of injection (injected fuel quantity, injection
time etc) is controlled by ECM(Engine Control Module)
■ History of EFI System
D-Jetronic : Electronically controlled system with pressure sensor
L-Jetronic : Electronically controlled system with airflow measurement
K-Jetronic : Combined mechanical and hydraulic system, with airflow measurement
Modern EFI System INPUT(sensor) & OUTPUT(actuator)
18:10
7. Fuel System of CI Engine
7-1. Components of Diesel Fuel System
7-2. Fuel Feed Pump & Fuel Filter
7-3. Fuel Injection Pump
7-4. Calibration of Fuel Injection Pump
7-5. Fuel Injector
7-6. CRDI(Common Rail Direct Injection) System
7-7. Combustion Chamber of Diesel Engine
19:10
7-1. Components of Diesel Fuel System
20:10
7-2. Fuel feed Pump & Fuel Filter
■ Feed Pump
Delivers fuel from tank to the injection pump continuously and at a reasonable
pressure
Prevent possible formation of vapor bubbles and subsequently cavitation in
pump due to suction of rapidly moving plunger of injection pump
Generally delivery pressures of between about 29 and 98 kPa adequate for
preventing vapor formation on suction side of in-line type injection pump
Diaphragm Type
Plunger Type
Plunger Type
Diaphragm Type 21:10
7-2. Fuel feed Pump & Fuel Filter
■ Fuel Filter
Remove water and solid contaminants from diesel fuel
22:10
7-3. Fuel Injection Pump
■ In-line Injection Pump System
23:10
7-3. Fuel Injection Pump
■ In-line Injection Pump
Boosting Maintain Injection Control
Distribution Injection
Pressure Pressure Quantity Timing
In-Line Pump Governor Pump Injector
24:10
7-3. Fuel Injection Pump
■ In-line Injection Pump
Fuel Distribution & Injection Control
Delivery
Inlet
Valve
Port
Barrel
Plunger
Intake Delivery Injection Finish
Barrel
Plunger
Control
Rod
Close Low Quantity High Quantity
25:10
7-3. Fuel Injection Pump
■ Distributor Type Fuel Injection Pump System
Fuel Injection Pump
Fuel Tank
Injector
Fuel Filter
Fuel Feed Pump 26:10
7-3. Fuel Injection Pump
■ Distributor Type Fuel Injection Pump
Boosting Maintain Injection Control
Distribution Injection
Pressure Pressure Quantity Timing
Rotary Pump Distributor Distributor Injector
27:10
7-3. Fuel Injection Pump
■ High Pressure Injection System
28:10
7-3. Fuel Injection Pump
■ High Pressure Common Rail Injection Pump
Boosting Maintain Injection Control
Distribution Injection
Pressure Pressure Quantity Timing
High Pressure Common
ECU Injector
pump Rail
29:10
7-4. Calibration of Fuel Injection Pump
ISO 4008 Diesel Engines - Fuel Injection Pump Testing part3 :
Application and test procedures
SAE J1668-21605 Diesel Engines - Fuel Injection Pump Testing
Bosch P Pump Calibration
Denso In-Line Pump Calibration
Bosch VE Pump Calibration
Bosch CRDi System Calibration
30:10
7-5. Fuel Injector
■ Mechanical(1st Gen) Injector
Hydraulic power by pressurized fuel lift pressure spring
Pressure
Spring
Needle
Valve
Pintle
Nozzle
31:10
7-5. Fuel Injector
■ Solenoid (2nd Gen) Injector
Solenoid Actuator
Injection Interval : 4/10 mm sec
32:10
7-5. Fuel Injector
■ Piezoelectric (3rd Gen) Injector
Piezo Actuator
Injection Interval : 1/100 mm sec
33:10
7-6. CRDi(Common Rail Direct injection)
34:10
7-7. Combustion Chamber of Diesel
Engines
IDI(Indirect Injection)
Pre-Combustion Type Swirl Combustion Type
Glow Plug
Nozzle
Nozzle Swirl Chamber
Piston
Glow Plug
Pre-Chamber
Piston
Combustion
Chamber
35:10
7-7. Combustion Chamber of Diesel
Engines
DI(Direct Injection)
Nozzle
Piston Combustion
Chamber
36:10
8. Ignition System
8-1. Components and Function of Ignition System
8-2. Types of Ignition System
8-3. Ignition Timing
8-4. Ignition Advance Mechanism
8-5. Magneto Ignition System
8-6. Battery Point Ignition System
8-7. CDI(Capacitor Discharge Ignition) System
8-8. DIS(Distributor-less Ignition System)
37:10
8-1. Components & Function of Ignition
System
■ Function of Ignition System
To generate an electric spark that has enough heat to ignite air/fuel mixture
in combustion chamber
To maintain the spark long enough to allow for combustion of all the air and
fuel in cylinder
To deliver the spark to each cylinder so combustion can begin at the right
time during combustion stroke of each cylinder
■ Components of Ignition System
Power Source
Magnetor
Capacitor
Battery
Primary Coil
Break Point
Mechanical(Contact Breaker)
Electrical(Power TR, SCR)
Secondary Coil
Distribution System
Mechanical(Distributor)
Electrical(Distributorless) 38:10
Spark Plug
8-1. Components & Function of Ignition
System
■ Spark Plug
39:10
8-2. Types of Ignition System
IGNITION SYSTEM
MAGNETOR POWERED BATTERY POWERED
with without with without
Breaker Point Breaker Point Breaker Point Breaker Point
Capacitor Battery Distributor
Magneto Discharge Point Less
Ignition Ignition Ignition Ignition
System System System System
40:10
8-2. Types of Ignition System
■ Voltage Boosting Mechanism (Battery Point Ignition Type)
Function Component Voltage Boost
Power Source Battery 12V
Self-Induction Primary Coil
DistributorContact Breaker)
Magnetic Field Corruption 200~300V
Power TR
Count Electromotive (Surge) Primary Coil
Mutual Induction Secondary Coil 20,000~30,000V
41:10
8-3. Ignition Timing
Spark should occur after compression stroke with piston at TDC
This will change as engine speeds up because fuel can only burn at one
rate of speed.
Piston could move faster than fuel burns, which means piston could be
gone from TDC before fuel can push down on piston
42:10
Spark must be timed earlier as engine speed increase
8-4. Ignition Advance Mechanism
■ Mechanical Ignition System
Use in Distributor System
Mechanical(Centrifugal) Timing Advance
Uses centrifugal force to move some weights
and cause shaft to move ahead of rotation and
open points sooner
Centrifugal System
Vacuum Timing Advance
Uses vacuum to pull on the breaker plate and
cause points to open sooner
■ Computer Controlled Ignition System
ECM having a timing map with spark advance data for
all combinations of engine speed and engine
load, control ignition timing
43:10
Vacuum System
8-5. Magneto Ignition System
No need of outside primary source of electricity such as battery
Mostly small gasoline engine such as lawnmower, chainsaw etc.
44:10
8-6. Battery Point Ignition System
Use battery power as primary source of electricity
Mostly gasoline engine for vehicles (old)
45:10
8-7. CDI(Capacitor Discharge Ignition)
System
Thyristor or SCR(Silicon Controlled Rectifier)
Widely used in outboard motor, lawnmower, turbine –powered aircraft
46:10
8-8. Distributor-less Ignition System
Use battery power as primary source of electricity
DIS(Direct Ignition System) or DIS(Distributor-less Ignition System)
Mostly gasoline engine for vehicles (recent)
47:10
8-8. Distributor-less Ignition System
Typical Firing Order
Number
Of Firing Order
Cylinder
4 1-3-4-2
6 1-4-3-6-5-2
8 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2
48:10
49:10
