UNIT 1: Introduction

Unit introduction

The objective of this unit is to make you familiarize with the concepts of introduction that you
need to use as university students. The unit includes reading, vocabulary, speaking, listening,
writing and grammar. The various activities in the unit thus would help you develop the skills
and sub-skills of the language.

Objectives

By the end of this unit, you should be able to:

 use the expressions used for introduction;
 take lecture notes by listening to a talk;
 recognize the importance of simple present tense;
 identify the various ways of introduction;
 read and make notes;
 use the simple present tense appropriately and correctly;
 write a paragraph using the simple present tense;
 expand vocabulary knowledge; and
 conduct self-assessment on your progress.

Task 1
Based on the pictures below, discuss the following questions in pair.

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 1. What do the pictures depict?
2. What type of greetings are they?
3. From the picture, what do you notice regarding the greeting of dogs?
4. To whom each type of greeting is given?

Part One: Speaking: Greeting and introduction

The following sets of phrases are helpful when greeting people. Read and study them carefully.

First Meeting (introducing others)

Greeting Response On parting(One you Response on parting

finished speaking with
someone, it is customary
to say goodbye)

Good morning. Good morning. Goodbye/ Good night/ Goodbye

Bye
Good morning, Good afternoon. Have a nice day/ time/ Thank you; bye
Michael. holiday/ weekends/
vacation
Good afternoon, Good afternoon. Good bye and make the Thank you very much
everyone best of it
Hello, John I am fine and you? Good bye and good luck Thanks; bye
I haven’t seen you I have been away I must rush/ I must push See you bye
for a long time, on off/so long/ see you later
where have you holiday/vacation/to
been? Gondar
I haven’t seen you I have been out of I will be seeing you after Great; bye
in ages, where city/town a month

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 have you been?
How is life? So long(informal) See you tomorrow See you

Long time no see, On vacation I will see you again after Okay; bye
where have you New year
been?(informal)
How are you Not so bad/so so/ I hope you have a nice I think so
feeling today? informal/ vacation
What is new? nothing I will see you in the See you
(informal) afternoon
How are you this So far so good Enjoy the weekend. Thank you; bye
afternoon?

Self-Introduction
 My name is Asefa; I came from…
 Let me introduce myself, I am ------
 May I introduce myself, I am -------
 I would like to introduce myself; I am------

Introducing others (First Meeting)

Openers Response on greeting On parting Response on

parting

How do you do? How do you do? It was nice meeting It was nice
you. meeting you, too.
I am glad to meet I am glad to meet you, I hope to see you I hope to see you,
you. too. again. too.
I am pleased to It is nice to meet you, I hope to see you Me, too.
meet you/ It is nice too. sometime in the
to meet you. future.
It is a pleasure to It is a pleasure to meet Goodbye. Good bye.
meet you you, too.

Task 2: Self introduction

List down all the information about yourself which you would like to share with your classmates,
such as the following

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 Let me introduce myself………………………………………….
My name: …………………………………………………………….
Place/date of birth: ……………………………………………..
Age: ……………………………………………………………..
School you came from: ………………………………………….
Your hobbies/interest……………………………………………..
Which department you wish to join………………………………
Other pieces of information about yourself……………………..

Task 3: Role playing

In the example below, Abebe and Chala are meeting for the first time at a social event. After
greeting each other, they begin by asking simple personal questions. Working with a friend or
classmate, take turns practicing this role-play.

Abebe: Hello, I am happy to meet you

Chala: Hello, I am happy to meet you, too.
Abebe: My name is Abebe; I came from India. I have been to India for a scholarship.
Where are you from?
Chala: I am Chala, I am from Ethiopia; I am also leaving for England next week.
Abebe: Oh… that is great
Chala: How was life in India?
Abebe: It was very good
Abebe: Why are you leaving for England next week?
Chala: I have married a girl from England. So we will live together there
Abebe: Don’t you come back to Ethiopia?
Chala: I will never come back to Ethiopia.
Abebe: well, good bye and all the very best
Chala: thank you very much

Key vocabulary

In the example above, Chala and Abebe are introducing themselves. Several important phrases
that they use in the exchange are:

 My name is ---
 Where are you from?
 I am from…
 I am happy…

Introducing other people

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Introductions can occur between more than two people. When you meet someone for the first
time, it is common to greet them by saying, ‘’How do you do? It is a pleasure to meet you or
pleased to meet you’’ It is polite to respond by repeating the statement back at them, as Arkato
does in this example.

Bedlu: Arkato, I would like you to meet Hanna.

Hanna: How do you do?
Arkato: How do you do?
Hanna: I am glad to meet you.
Arkato: I am glad to meet you, too.
Hanna: How is the weather in Addis?
Arkato: It is fine.
Hanna: It was nice meeting you; I hope I will meet you again.
Arkato: It was nice meeting you, too; I hope I will meet you again, too.
Hanna: Good bye.
Arkato: Good bye.

Introductions in Informal Situations

In informal situations, introductions are also made simply saying ‘’This is (name).’’ It is also
common to just say ‘’Hi’’ or ‘’Hello’’ as a response in this informal setting

Berhanu: Tigist, this is Martha

Tigist: Hi. How are you?
Martha: Hi. Pleased to meet you.
Berhanu: Martha learns at…

Task 4: Completing dialogues

A. Complete the following dialogue and practice it with your partner

Chernet: hello, Semere. Nice to see you. How are you?
Semere: ____________________________________?
Chernet: Oh, very well, thanks. By the way, this is Miskir, a friend of mine.
Semere: How do you do, Miskir? I am glad to meet you.
Miskir: ______________________________?
Semere: Where are you from, Miskir?
Miskir: ________________________.
Semere: How interesting! What do you do?
Miskir: __________________________?
Semere: Oh, I am a student
Miskir: ______________________________________________
Semere: Yes, of course. Anyway, Miskir, it was nice meeting you. See you later.
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 Miskir: ______________________________________________.

B. Gebre and Fanaye are friends. Gebre is one of Fanaye’s classmates. They meet one
morning.
Gebre: Hello, Fanaye
Fanaye: Hello, Gebre. How are you?
Gebre: ________________________?
Fanaye: Very well, thank you. How is your sister?
Gebre: ________________________
Fanaye: That is good.
Gebre: How was the exam, Fanaye?
Fanaye: _______________________.
Gebre: What about for you?
Fanaye: _______________________
Gebre: Well, see you later.
Fanaye: ________________________

Task 5: Rearranging the jumbled sentences.

A. Sort out the following dialogue.

Belay: Where were you yesterday?
Tola:_____________________
Belay: Hello, Melaku
Tola: ______________
Belay: Ok, see you, I will meet you later.
Tola: ___________________
Belay: How are you?
Tola: ________________
Belay: And then how was the exam?
Tola:_____________________

B. Sort out the following dialogue

Hagos: Well, goodbye and good luck
Getachew: ______________________
Hagos: Fine thank you. When are you leaving?
Getachew:___________________________
Getachew: ______________, Habtamu.
Hagos: Hello Getachew. How are you?
Getachew: ________________________

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Task 6: Preparing dialogues

A. Suppose in your first class, the lecturer asks you to introduce yourself in front of the
class. Thus, tell your friends: your name, where you come from, where you live, why you
choose this University and this department and express your feeling. Write the whole
conversation and present to the class.

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B. Assume Gemechu and Daniel have just known each other for a week. They have
something in common. Although they are indifferent classes, they are good friends now.
On top of that Gemechu also has a good friend whom he wants to introduce to Daniel.
Write the whole conversation and present to the class.

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C. Suppose you go to a graduation ceremony with your sister, you meet your classmate
before you leave the house and you want to introduce your sister with your friend. Open
the small talk with greeting and introduce them.

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D. In groups of three, role-play introducing yourself and others using the expressions
discussed above.

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E. Suppose you are a teacher in a school. Greet the parents who have just arrived and
introduce yourself.

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Part Two: Writing:
Task 7: Capitalization and punctuation.
Read each sentence and determine which words need to be capitalized and if punctuation needs
to be added. On the line below each sentence, write the sentence correctly using the correct
capitalization and punctuation.
Eg. on sunday my family will visit my grandmother
On Sunday, my family will visit my grandmother.
1. my friend dawit liked the story very much
………………………………………………………..
2. gemechu we won the football game on Saturday
………………………………………………………..
3. i have a dentist appointment on Thursday
………………………………………………………..
4. my father will come on april 7 2023 and i will go to bole
………………………………………………………..
5. my uncle lives in Gondar
………………………………………………………..
6. dr. Solomon put a cast on dereges broken arm
………………………………………………………..
7. the mission of kotebe university is on education
………………………………………………………..
8. haile kenenisa derartu and tirunesha are internationally known athletes
………………………………………………………..

Task 8: Error correction.

When you write, it is important to pay attention to mechanics. These include spelling,
capitalization, punctuation and other grammatical errors such as verb tense. Read the paragraph
below and identify all areas that should be edited.

Gogs are mans best friend. This is definitely true. I tink everyone should have a dog as a pet. one
advantage of having a pet dog is for protection. What if someone are trying to attach you? Your
dog will most likely came to your aid and scare the attackers way. They may even go as far as
biting the attacker? Also if a criminal breakkes into your home, the dog can give you a warning.
In this way, dogs are much cheaper than a alarm system.

Task 9: Rewrite the paragraph and correct the errors. Look at the errors in capitalization
punctuation, spelling and tense.

ethiopian new year is a holiday that occurs on septemper first? The holiday was celebrated in
ethiopia over hundred years. Many people have the day off work and celebrate with special

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ceremony. Many people also thinking of this day as the end of summer. How do u celebrate new
year?
Rewrite the paragraph here

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Task 10: About me: use the guiding tips and write a paragraph about yourself.

 My full name is ………………………………………………………..

 I came from ……………………………………………………………
 Brothers/sisters………………………………………………………..
 My family has ………………………………………………………..
 Schools…………………………………………………………………
 The meal I like the most is…………………………………………….
 On the weekends, I love………………………………………………

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Controlled writing
Complete the following paragraph with appropriate words and use correct punctuation and
capitalization.

Dear _______________

I am very happy to …………………. My name is ……………………. I live in

………………… Would you like ……………………….? We can …………………….. I
am…….. ……years old. I am ……… My hobbies are ………………… My father ………..and
my mother………. I have ….. in my family, too. Their names
are……………………………………….. My city is ……… The weather is ……….. Do you
have any …………………………….Do you have any ……………….Are you…………….?
Are you………….? Please write and tell me about yourself.

Sincerely,

Task 11: Guided writing

Suppose an oversea university has offered to finance a student’s higher studies in a foreign
country. You would like to avail of this opportunity to study abroad. Write your letter of
application to this university, including the following points.

 Your own special qualifications and interests

 Why you would like to study abroad
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  Country chosen and why
 What course you would like to pursue there
 Other reasons that make you the best candidate to receive the scholarship.

Use the point above and include other relevant details and produce an impeccably-written self-
introduction essay in not less than five paragraphs.

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Part Three: Reading

Task 12: : Pre-reading activities

Look at the questions below and answer them individually and discuss your answers in groups of
three/four. Later, report your answers to the class.
1. What does self-introduction mean?
2. What is the difference between self-introduction and introducing others?
3. When do we use self-introduction?
4. Discuss the meanings of the following words with the help of your teacher.
A. Informal and formal introduction
B. Nonverbal communication versus verbal communication

Reading: Read the following text and answer the questions below.

Introduction

As human beings, we need to get acquainted with others. The first time you go to your new
university, usually you may not know anybody. You must feel strange; thus, you need to know
each other. By introducing yourself to others, you will feel more comfortable. You actually
create relationship with others. The first interaction you have with someone will impact how
others perceive you and also the relationship you will have with them. Knowing how to
introduce yourself effectively can help you to make a good first impression both in the
workplace and socially. Now, you will be provided with tips on how to do so in a more effective
manner.
Introducing yourself in a foreign language can be extremely nerve-wracking. If introducing
yourself in English is challenging for you, stick with the basics and keep your sentence short.
And yet if you have difficulty when it comes to introducing yourself to someone for the first
time, you should not feel embarrassed. A lot of native speakers also become tongue-tied when
talking about themselves. An ideal way to improve your social skills in professional and casual
situations is to practice introducing yourself. Strong social skills, punctuality and manners can
help you meet new people and advance through your professional career.

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Learning how to introduce yourself is an essential part of learning how to converse in English.
The language for introducing yourself and others ranges from formal to very informal, depending
on the situation. A formal introduction differs from an informal one in that it is more structured.
It is used in more serious situations such as job interviews or writing emails to a professional
contact. You also use it when you are speaking to someone you do not know before very well.
When someone is older than you or he/she is superior in terms of the social or professional
hierarchy, you should use formal language or introduction. In such context, you should include
important information that is relevant to the context you are introducing yourself in. For
example, in a job interview, your focus will be on your work achievement; on the other hand, at
any social gathering, you are more likely to talk about your family, interest, hobby and the like.
An informal introduction is used in more casual and relaxed situations. You also use it with
people you know very well such as family and friends.

There are two forms of communication during introduction: verbal and non verbal. By using
verbal communication, people express their thoughts, ideas and feelings through spoken or
written language. Educators, psychologists, anthropologist and sociologists define body language
or nonverbal communication as communication without words. That is, non verbal
communication uses others means such as body language, eye contact, facial expression,
gestures, posture, social cues, kinesics, distance, physical environment, voice, touch appearance
and the like. Interactions would be active through non verbal communication (Butt, 2011). The
absence of non-verbal communication debases the quality of interaction and this drags the
motivation of the participants out of the right truck. Non-verbal communication can be an
important source of motivation and concentration for introduction as well as a tool for taking and
maintaining attention (Zekia 2009). Participants can lose interest and attention in the interaction
process due to the lack of non verbal communication (Butt, 2011).

When you are introduced to someone, it is common to make direct eye contact, nod or smile, and
greet the person to acknowledge the introduction. It is important to know what your posture, eye-
contact, gestures, facial expressions are telling others about you. When greeting someone you
have just been introduced to, try to repeat the person’s name so that you remember it. In many
cultures, a strong handshake is important and possibly looking at someone directly in the eyes.
Depending on the situation, you may need to shake hands, especially in formal situations. A
brief, friendly handshake is one of the most common ways to greet someone and it can be done
with almost anyone you meet, regardless of gender or social status. Standing or sitting up straight
indicates that you are confident, comfortable and ready to engage in a conversation. You can use
this to your benefit by appearing more confident that you really are.
Maintaining eye contact but not too much is considered a sign of honesty, trustworthiness and
friendliness during a conversation. It indicates that you are listening and interested in the
discussion. But be careful not to come off as ‘’creepy’’ by staring into their eyes for very long
periods of time; allow yourself to casually look away from time to time and be sure to blink.
During introduction, a little smile while introducing yourself says that you want to meet new
people and that you are a pleasant, friendly person.
During introduction, the situation will determine the type of introduction you will use. Do not
make the mistake of preparing a one-size- fits-all self introduction. Instead, think about the
different situations where you commonly introduce yourself and try to come up with a unique
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introduction for each situation. When you are introducing yourself to a new friend, it is important
to get to the point quickly. Avoid beating around the bush or talking in circles. The people you
are speaking to want a summary of your life and not your whole life story. No matter if you
introduce yourself to a group of people or one person, you have to behave politely. Do not rush
through your self-introduction. You can speak slowly and expand on different points if you keep
your introduction short and sweet.

Regardless of the environment or social situation, it is important to understand who you are
talking to and carefully choose what kind of language and vocabulary you use in front of them.
In more lively and casual settings, you can show the more relaxed side of your personality, but it
is still important to stay polite and well-mannered. You can develop your professional network
by interacting and introducing yourself to peers and building a relationship with them, but you
may want to adopt a more respectful and distant attitude to your friends. In your introduction,
present your ideas colorfully. It is a common sense that in speaking we often take advantage of
the audience’s senses to help express ourselves clearly. We can appeal to the audience’s senses
by using specific and concrete words and phrases or by providing details or by using descriptive
words to present word pictures.

Task 13: Decide whether the following statements are ‘true’ or ‘false’ according to the
text.

1. Introducing oneself in a foreign language can be extremely terrifying unless practiced.

2. Formal and informal languages are being used depending upon the person with whom we
interact.
3. Maintaining eye contact during introduction is different from gazing at people.
4. It is important to know what non verbal communications are telling others about you but
the sender may not know what he/she shares through non verbal communication.
5. In all cultures, a strong handshake and looking at someone directly in the eyes are
important characters.

Task 14: Answer the following questions using the information in the text above.
1. A formal introduction differs from an informal one because it is
a. structured
b. used for serious situations like job interviews
c. often used with old people d. all
2. Introducing oneself in a foreign language can be extremely intimidating because
a. People use long sentences
b. People do not practice it frequently
c. People do not follow rules
d. The language is not a mother tongue
3. Which of the following is true about non verbal communication?
a. It elevates the interest and attention of the participants during interaction.
b. It is largely unconscious
c. It is culture sensitive
d. All of the above
4. Which of the following is true about maintaining eye contact during introduction?

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 a.
It shows that you want to meet new people.
b.
It indicates that you are interested in the discussion.
c.
It is a sign of dishonesty and untrustworthiness
d.
Staring into the audiences’ eyes for a very long periods of time is a sign of
attentiveness.
5. The writer did not advise to have a one-size- fits-all self introduction. Why?
a. Because the writer has a desire to see a unique introduction for each situation
b. Because each situation is different from others
c. Because the type of introduction is determined by the specific situation.
d. Because preparing a one-size- fits-all self introduction is difficult.

Task 15: Reading for the main idea

Read the first few sentences of each paragraph and find the paragraphs which refer to the
following theme.

1. Paragraph. __________. Comparison of financial and time budgeting.

2. Paragraphs _____and. _____. piece of advice about putting tasks in a work list and
also creating routines.
3. Paragraphs _____and. _____. Ways of staying healthy and learning shortcuts to
focus on important things.

Task 16: What do the words in bold type refer to in the text?

1. It (third paragraph) ---------------------------------------------------

2. It (fifth paragraph) ------------------------------------------------------
3. This (fifth paragraph) ----------------------------------------------------
4. Their (sixth paragraph) ---------------------------------------------------
5. Them (eighth paragraph) -------------------------------------------------

Part Four: Vocabulary

Task 17: Guess the meanings of the following words and phrases as used in the reading
text.

1. nerve-wracking ---------------------------------------------
2. tongue-tied ---------------------------------------------------
3. drags ---------------------------------------------------------
4. debases ------------------------------------------------------
5. come off -----------------------------------------------------
6. creepy ------------------------------------------------------

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 7. one-size- fits-all ---------------------------------------------
8. beating ------------------------------------------------------

Vocabulary learning/teaching strategies

1 Showing similarities to words students already know

2 Using word parts (help students guess the meaning of new words from context).
3 Using pictures to help students guess the meaning of words
4 Using mime or gesture
5 Using real objects
6 Guessing or Giving examples of the words in a different context
7 Explaining what the word means in English
8 Using dictionaries effectively
9 Translating the words

Task
1. From the various vocabulary teaching strategies, which of them do you refer?
2. Which ones do you find the most useful?
3. Do you have any other additional ways of learning vocabulary?

Complete the sentences with an adjective from the box.

Greedy, considerate, secretive, responsible, nervous

fair, serious, obedient, bossy, loyal

1. I hate our manager. She is a very ……… person who orders everyone around.
2. The judge was …….. to both sides, so everyone was happy.
3. I feel very……………… before a test.
4. Gebre is a very mature young man for his age. He never fools around and is always……..
5. The only one I can talk to when I have problems is my friend Almaz. She is very ……….
6. The robber looked at the money in front of him with ………eyes
7. My brother never wants us to find what he is doing. He is always ………
8. The boys were so …….. They do everything their parents tell them to do.
9. We are very ………. supporters of the team and even go to the stadium when they lose.
10. When their parents are out, they are ……….for their younger brothers.

Complete the passage with a word from the box

surroundings, everyday, confused, experience, some

to be, stages, reality, blame, in, exiting, to being,

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Although living in another country can be an (1)……… adventure, it is sometimes proves
(2) …….. a difficult experience. Many things are new and different – not only the language
and culture but also (3)………. things like where to buy stamps or when banks are open.
For a person who is used (4)…….. in control of their world these new experiences can
make them feel helpless, (5) ……… and frustrated.

Many of those who start a life somewhere else often go through certain (6) …….. before
they feel at home in their new (7) ……... The first few weeks after arrival in another
country is full of positive feelings and excitement. Then (8)……… sets in and can make
you feel angry and impatient. Some people (9) ………. their new home for such feelings.
Eventually, however, most newcomers settle (10)…….. and begin to adapt.

However, when a person returns to their own culture, they may (11) ……… the same
things in reverse. It takes them (12) ……… time to get back to their former life in their ome
country.

Part Five: Grammar: Simple present tense

Simple present is used to express Present continuous is used to convey
1 actions/things which are always true things which are happening at the moment of
(eg. Water boils at 100 degrees) speaking (eg. The water is boiling now, so
you can put in the pasta.

2 permanent situations (or nearly temporary situations(eg. Haile is living in

permanent; true for a few years at Hawassa for a few months (usually he lives in
least): eg. Hailegebresellasie lives in Addis).
Addis Ababa.

3 habits or things we do regularly (eg. I temporary or new habits(eg. I'm drinking too
drink coffee every morning. much coffee these days because I'm so busy
at work.

4 Future events which are part of a Definite future plans (eg. I'm meeting John
timetable (eg. My plane leaves at eight after class today)
tonight).

5 about the future after certain words about people in pictures and photos(eg. In this
('when' 'until' 'after' 'before' 'as soon photo, my mother is walking beside a lake.
as') eg. I'll call you when I get home.

6 about what happens in books, plays The present continuous tense is commonly
and films(eg. At the end of the book, used with the time adverbs: now, at the
the detective catches the killer. moment, today, this morning, evening,
afternoon etc.

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Choose the appropriate form of the verb given in parenthesis
1. I _________my grandmother every Saturday. (do call / call / am calling)
2. She _________a lot in the evenings. (is read / is reading / reads)
3. They _________to the teacher right now! (don’t listen / aren’t listening / not listen)
4. He___________ the dog at the moment.(is walking / walks / walk)
5. We __________up early at the weekend. (don’t get / don’t gets / aren’t getting
6. What _________every weekend? (do / do you do / are you doing)
7. What _________right now? (you doing / do you do / are you doing)
8. I ______ (go) to school every day.
9. I _______(go)to the park now.
10. My sister _______(play)computer games every day.
11. My sister______(play) outside now.
12. We ________(watch)our favorite traditional game at the moment.
13. We________(watch) TV on Sundays.
14. My dad _______(not make)lunch at the moment.
15. My dad _________(make) dinner every evening.

Put in the verbs in brackets either in Simple Present or Present continuous

1. My mother _________(make) breakfast now.

2. They often _________(clean) the bathroom.
3. Look! The boys _______(come) home.
4. Everyday his grandfather ________(go) for a walk
5. I _________(chat) with my friends at the moment.
6. I _________(be) very busy today.
7. At noon, I _________(visit) my friend Hanna.
8. The film __________(start) at 8pm
9. We ________(want) to have lunch together.
10. In the evening, I ______(play) ground tennis.

Read the passage given below and supply the blank spaces with simple present or present
continuous.

It is a pleasant Sunday and my family and I ______(are relaxing/relax) at home. My father

usually washes his car on Sunday. But he _______(is not washing/wash the car now.
He_______( is watching/watch) news on the TV. My mother usually makes something special
for lunch on Sundays. She_____ (is kneading/kneads) the dough for making break. My elder
sister usually has her music class on Sundays. She _______(is not singing/ not sings) now. She
_______(is helping/helps) mother in the kitchen. My brother usually helps father to wash the
car. He _______(is not helping/not helps) father now. He ___________(is playing/plays) with
Puppy, our pet dog. My friends generally come home on Sundays to spend their time with us.
They ________(are not coming now/not, come). They will come in the evening. I regularly

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clean my room on Sundays. I _______(am not cleaning/ not clean) now. I_______(am
going/go) to the market to bring some potatoes. Now, I_______ (am telling/tell) this to you.
How about you? What are you doing now?

Use simple present tense and the outline below and write a short paragraph explaining the
activities that you do every day.
 Get up
 Get dressed
 Wash/hands and face
 Eat/breakfast
 Go/office
 Work
 Stay
 Come back/home

Part Six: Listening

Pre-listening exercise

Make a group of two or three students and discuss the following pre listening exercise.

1. What does communication mean?

2. What is the difference between verbal and non verbal communication?
3. What are the expressions of non verbal communication?

While Listening exercise

Your teacher will read for you a passage about ‘non verbal communication’; listen to it
carefully and complete the table below.

Descriptions of non verbal communication Types of non verbal

communication
natural features like attractiveness, height,
weight, body shape, hair style, skin color
related with the auditory part of speech,
including tone, pitch, intonation, pause
physical contact with someone like handshakes,
patting on the shoulder
refers to eye contact
demonstrates the space between the
communicators
the usage of time and punctuality in
communication
bodily movements and it involves the usage of
facial expressions
concerned with smell and bodily hygiene17 during
interpersonal communication
Post Listening exercise

Write down the answers to the questions

1. What are the importance of non verbal communication?

2. What makes non-verbal communication be more effective than verbal
communication?
3. Mention at least five channels of non verbal communication.

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