Assignment in AC/DC Machines
Transformer Parts and Functions Assignment
1. Step-up and Step-down transformer – used to lower/raise voltage output
Parts:
a. Primary Coil (Windings)
- The current source
b. Magnetic Core
- A high permeable substance which allows magnetic current to flow through
without much energy loss
c. Secondary Coil (Windings)
- Carries the output voltage and current, connected to the load.
2. Single phase and Three-phase transformer – commonly used in distribution.
a. Primary Windings (One (1) for Single Phase and Three (3) for Three phase)
- Current Source
b. Magnetic Core
- A high permeable substance which allows magnetic current to flow through
without much energy loss.
- Mostly made of iron and steel
i. Yoke
o Horizontal part of the core
ii. Limb
o Vertical part of the core
c. Secondary Windings (One (1) for Single Phase and Three (3) for Three phase)
- Carries the output voltage and current, connected to the load.
3. Power transformer- used in step up/ step down in generation facilities/distribution
a) Laminated
core
- Low reluctance/high permeable substance for flow of magnetic flux
b) Windings
- Carries the currents, insulated from one another, made over the core
c) Insulating materials
- Insulating paper and cardboard used to insulate the two windings from one
another
d) Transformer oil
- Another insulating material
e) Tap changer
- Balances voltage variations during loaded and off load conditions
f) Oil Conservator
- An airtight, metallic, cylindrical drum which conserves transformer oil
g) Breather
- Controls moisture level in the transformer
h) Cooling tubes
- Used to cool the transformer oil
i) Buchholz Relay
- A connecting pipe from the conservator to the main tank, helps in sensing and
protecting the transformer from internal faults
j) Explosion vent
- Used to expel boiling oil in case of a heavy internal fault to avoid the
explosion of a transformer
4. Distribution transformer
a.) Transformer tank
- encases the high purity
mineral oil insulation
and winding of the
transformer.
b.) Tank Cover
- Securely seals the
transformer, contains a
rubber gasket, attached
with primary bushing.
c.) Primary Bushing/Terminals
- Attached to the high
voltage side of the
transformer
d.) Transformer Oil
- Acts as insulator and coolant between windings
e.) Secondary Bushing/Terminals
- Found perpendicular to the body
f.) Cooling Fins/Radiators
- A heat dissipation device
g.) Transformer KVA rating
- A visual indicator of the KVA capacity of a transformer designed to be seen
from afar.
h.) Pressure relief device
- Intended to release pressure once it has reached the limit
i.) Body Grounding Terminal
- A connection to the physical ground for safety purposes
5. Current transformer – used to measure the amount of current flowing through a wire in
the grid
Structure
a.) Magnetic Iron Core
“
b.) Primary winding
“
c.) Secondary winding
Connected in parallel with the measuring device
6. Potential transformer -instrument transformer for protection and measurement of high
alternating voltage in power systems
* Potential transformer or PT can have the same construction as any normal transformer.
a.) Voltmeter
- Attached to the secondary windings which has less voltage than the primary
windings
- Known to have a high amount of impedance.
b.) Bushing
- Used in transformers for the current to enter the main tank without inducing
its container
Sources:
https://powersystemsloss.blogspot.com/2011/08/basic-parts-of-single-phase.html
https://unacademy.com/content/upsc/study-material/physics/parts-of-a-single-phase-
transformer/
https://www.electrical-technology.com/2021/09/parts-of-transformer.html
https://owlcation.com/stem/Parts-of-a-power-transformer
https://www.electricalclassroom.com/parts-of-a-transformer/
https://www.entes.eu/what-is-current-transformer-where-do-we-use-current-transformers/
https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2021/09/voltage-potential-transformer.html
