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Che. Number Sysiems
7 Natural num bers + (n)
443
BE apes |
> Abhole numbers :(n)
0-1, 2; 3.4 ..,
04183456.
St Lotegos * (Z)
=3,-2, 1,0, 1,253 255 S74 Nowper Systems 3
collection of rational numbers. The collection of rational numbers is denoted by Q.
‘Rational’ comes from the word ‘ratio’, and Q comes from the word ‘quotient’.
You may recall the definition of rational numbers:
A number ‘?’ is called a rational number, if it can be written in the form g
where p and q are integers and q # 0. (Why do we insist that q # 02)
Notice that all the numbers now in the bag can be written in the form 7 . Where p
and q are integers and q # 0, For example, -25 can be written as
here p =-25
1
and q = 1. Therefore, the rational numbers also include the natural numbers, whole
numbers and integers.
You also know that the rational numbers do not have a unique representation in
210 25
4° 20° 50
1
the form 7 + Where p and q are integers and q #0. For example, =
47
= oar and so on. These are equivalent rational numbers (or fractions). However,
Pa D
when we say that a is a rational number, or when we represent 2 on the number
line, we assume that q #0 and that p and q have no common factors other than 1
(that is, p and q are co-prime). So, on the number line, among the infinitely many
1 1
fractions equivalent to ze will choose 2 to represent all of them.
Now, let us solve some examples about the different types of numbers, which you
have studied in earlier classes.
Example 1 : Are the following statements true or false? Give reasons for your answers.
(Every whole number is a natural number.
(ii) Every integer is a rational number.
(iii) Every rational number is
integer.
Solution : (i) False, because zero is a whole number but not a natural number.
i . . m i
Cid) True, because every integer m can be expressed in the form “*, and so itis a
rational number. Numer Systems 5
EXERCISE 1.1
1, Iszero rational number? Can you write itin the form 7 where p and qare integers
and #0?
2. Find six rational numbers between 3 and 4,
4
3. Find five rational numbers between, 3 and z
4, State whether the following statements are true or false, Give reasons for youranswers.
@ Every natural number is a whole number.
Gi) Every integer is a whole number.
Gi) Every rational number is a whole number. > Dovational numbers (5) 2 Ht at fannet he wuitten
ud ihe form of Po, whe Vand @ ose
ante and t
tee: yt.
7 V7, 3, 7 Real numbers
>———_
atonal no. Servaitionel nurabey
numb ot be whitken
(Numbérs (mers: 7#8) (ane ot)
I L a i
1 a
Natural eae ss fractions Non— bemnci
0. no. on
(He) tw) be “ -npotg
> Temdater
— > Non- tol buct wtheabiy [ATHEMATICS
In the same way, you can locate «fm for any positive integer n, after fn —1 has been
located.
EXERCISE 1.2
1, State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answers.
@ Every irrational number is a real number.
Gi) Every point on the number line is of the form «f/m , where m is a natural number.
Gii) Every real number is an irrational number.
2. Are the square roots of all positive integers irrational? If not, give an example of the
square root of a number that is a rational number. Frewwed.t
Gx Find pe wotional numbers between 2 and 4.
3 and 4 > es and 4
/
ZyHt. al ate
xargs 4yF _
ee FF
2P
A
=
OP EP IS
=.= FF
Q5> Find fie rational rumbas betwerg 3 Jf
H dd 98 by AS 26 AX
a 1 aes
Zx$. 8 4h.
Be" 30 4 EXE oe
Ration al Numbes are
Hf 40 Y 2 B
Bo ' 3p ' Bo ' So!’ Jo Terminating OR Non- terminating
Example 5 : Find the decimal expansions of 2 > gand 5.
Solution :
3.333... 0.875 0.142857...
3}10 817.0 711.0
[9 64 1
10 60 30
= 56 28
10 40 20
| 9° 40 14
10 0 60
| 9 56
1 40
35
50
49
1
Remainders: 1, 1,1, 1,1... Remainders : 6,4, 0 Remainders : 3, 2,6, 4,5, 1,
Divisor : 3 Divisor: 8 3, 2,6, 4,5, 1...
Divisor :7
What have you noticed? You should have noticed at least three things:
() The remainders either become 0 after a certain stage, or start repeating themselves.
Gi) The number of entries in the repeating string of remainders is less than the divisor
10 1
(in 3 one number repeats itself and the divisor is 3, in 7 there are six entries
326451 in the repeating string of remainders and 7 is the divisor).
Gii) If the remainders repeat, then we get a repeating block of digits in the quotient
10
for
(for >.
in the quotient).
1
3 repeats in the quotient and for ze get the repeating block 142857 EXERCISE 1.3
1. Write the following in decimal form and say what kind of decimal expansion each
has :
36 1 1
36 a A a gl
T90 ® 7 ai) 3
., 3 2 , 329
) 73 o> (i) G00
