Unit V: Interfaces and Packages(4 Hrs)
Defining Interfaces, Interfaces vs. Classes, Extending Interfaces, Implementing
Interfaces, Multiple Inheritance by using interfaces, Abstract Classes vs. Interfaces.
Importance of Packages, Using Packages, Creating Packages
An interface is a named collection of method definitions(without implementation).it also inclides
constant declarations.An interface is basically a kind of class.It also contains methods and variables but
the method is abstract and the variable is final.In interface, the method does not include any code to
implement and data fields only contain constants.
The general syntax of interface is
interface InterfaceName
variable declaration;
method declaration;
Interface is similar to class which is collection of public static final variables (constants) and abstract
methods.
interface item
static final int code=100;
static final String name="Aayush";
void display();
Why we use Interface ?
It is used to achieve fully abstraction.
By using Interface, you can achieve multiple inheritance in java.
It can be used to achieve loose coupling.
properties of Interface
It is implicitly abstract. So we no need to use the abstract keyword when declaring an interface.
Each method in an interface is also implicitly abstract, so the abstract keyword is not needed.
Methods in an interface are implicitly public.
All the data members of interface are implicitly public static final.
Extending interfaces
Interface name2 extends name1
Body of name 2
For example, we can put all constants in one interface and all methods in other interface.
Interface ItemConstants
int code = 100;
String name = “Fan”;
interface Item extends ItemConstants
void display();
we can able to combine several interfaces into one.
Interface ItemConstants
{
int code = 1001;
String name = “Fan”;
interface ItemMethods
void display();
interface Item extends ItemConstants, ItemMethods
………………………………
………………………………
Implementing Interfaces
Interfaces are used as “superclass” whose properties are inherited by classes. It is therefore necessary to
create a class that inherits the given interface.
class ClassName implements Interfacename
body of className.
Here class className “implements” the interface interfacename.
Class classname extends superclass implements interface1,interface2,…
{
Body of classname;
Implementing multiple inheritance in java.
class student void putmarks()
{ {
int rollno; System.out.println("marks obtained");
void getnumber(int n) System.out.println("Marks1="+m1);
{ System.out.println("Marks2="+m2);
rollno=n; }
} }
void putnumber() interface sports
{ {
System.out.println("Roll number="+rollno); float score=6.7;
} void putscore();
} }
class test extends student class results extends test implements sports
{ {
float m1,m2; float total;
void getmarks(float mark1,float mark2) public void putscore()
{ {
System.out.println("sport score="+score);
m1=mark1; }
m2=mark2; void didplay()
} {
total=m1+m2+score; r.getmarks(77.5,88.8);
putnumber(); r.display();
putmarks(); }
putscore(); }
System.out.println("total score="+total); Output:
} Rollno=103
} Marks obtained:
class multpletest Mark1=77.5
{ Mark2=88.5
results r=new results(); Score=6.7
r.getnumber(103); Total=171.0
Differentiate between abstract class and interface
Abstract class interface
1. It is collection of abstract method and concrete
1. It is collection of abstract method.
methods.
2. There properties can be reused commonly in a 2. There properties commonly usable in any
specific application. application of java environment.
3. It does not support multiple inheritance. 3. It support multiple inheritance.
4. Abstract class is preceded by abstract keyword. 4. It is preceded by Interface keyword.
Which may contain either variable or constants. 5. Which should contains only constants.
6. The default access specifier of abstract class 6. There default access specifier of interface
methods are default. method are public.
7. These class properties can be reused in other 7. These properties can be reused in any other
class using extend keyword. class using implements keyword.
8. Inside abstract class we can take constructor. 8. Inside interface we can not take any constructor.
Example of Interface
// Interface.java
interface PI{
static final float pi = 3.1416f;
}
interface Area extends PI{
public float getArea(float x, float y);
}
interface Shape extends Area{
public void display(float x, float y);
}
class Rectangle implements Shape{
public float getArea(float x, float y) {
return x * y;
}
public void display(float x, float y){}
}
class Circle implements Shape{
public float getArea(float x, float y) {
return pi * x * x;
}
public void display(float x, float y){}
}
class Interface {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Rectangle r = new Rectangle();
Circle c = new Circle();
Shape s;
s = r;
System.out.println(s.getArea(2,3));
s = c;
System.out.println(s.getArea(4,0));
}
}
