Statistic: Signaling links in BSS

• about 10% of SDCCH request will be unsuccessful due to A-bis

failure (001075, A-bis fail call) and transaction attempt will be drop
• 001075 has 19 different reasons (DX causes)
• Call set up picture (MOC.doc)
• T3101 expiry (SDCCH reservation)
• Retransmission in BTS level
• example: BSC Manila1,2,3,Vito Cruz 1 and 2 under MSCVC4
(1075.xls)

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 SDCCH_ABIS_FAIL_CALL(1)

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 SDCCH_ABIS_FAIL_CALL(2)

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 SDCCH Drop %, S3 (sdr_1a)

Use: To follow up the performance of SDCCH from technical point of view.

Experiences on use: 1) High SDCCH drop rates usually result from ghost accesses. A BTS decodes
them from environmental or background noise and filters out most of them.
However, all of them cannot be filtered out and the RACH request is passed on to
the BSC for processing and for the allocation of a SDCCH channel.
The counter GHOST CCCH RES (3030) is updated each time a CHANNEL
REQUIRED is rejected because of an invalid establishment cause. In GSM ph.1
there exist altogether eight establishment causes, three of which are undefined as
invalid, for example,resulting in that this counter shows only 3/8 of all the ghost
accesses the BTS has decoded. For the rest, a SDCCH is allocated and this will
result in SDCCH_ABIS_FAIL_CALL failure. Because of ghost attempts the
SDCCH drop ratio is high with low traffic. As the amount of call attempts
increases, the influence of ghosts becomes smaller and the drop ratio approaches
its real value.

2) The rate of ghosts coming to SDCCH dropped when BTS B9 with improved ghost filtering was
taken into use.

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 Trigger Point(s)

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 Trigger Point1

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 T9103 TIMER

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 Trigger Point2

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 T9108 TIMER

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 Trigger Point3

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 AUGMENTATION OF COUNTER 1075

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 T3101 TIMER

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 T10 TIMER

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 T10 TIMER

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 T3107 TIMER

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 T3107 TIMER

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 T3122 TIMER

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 T3122 TIMER

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 GHOSTS
= SDCCH seizures that do not lead to a useful benefit
- thermodynamical type of noise Random Access Author: J.Neva 10/96
Version: 1.5 17.3.2000
- in band noise from network or environment PMWG approval.: 1.5 29.3.2000
- MS at the limit of sensitivity

Known phenomenom:
Handover Access bursts causing SDCCH failures, blocking and Ghosts
BSC
Number of Slots Spread Trans (SLO)
(3..12, 14, 16, 20, 25, 32, 50 TDMA frames between retransmissions)
MML default 10. Capacity

Max Number Retransmission (RET) (1,2,4,7) Nbr of RACH slots

defines nbr of repetition by MS
ave_rach_slot/res_acc_denom1
GHOSTS RACH CCCH
or
MS *) T3126
BTS LOAD
IND (every 30s)
Rach_3 Rach_4

TRX Channel Required

Immediate Assignment

RACH slot is counted as busy when level is If RACH passed Load

above -100dBm estimated at the RACH slot all tests Higest value of
Peak RACH load ave_rach_busy NOTE: triggered related to level
during the meas. period based RACH detection
peak_rach_load
(not what is accepted as RACH and
RACH has to pass passed as Channel Req)
- S/N test (pattern) Average value over the whole
- parity test Average RACH busy
measurement period
ave_rach_busy/res_acc_denom3
BTS sw B9.0 and DF2.0 has enhanced filtering of
ghosts
- energy level check with previous burst info RACH accesses
NOTE: triggered related to what is
Before B9 around - All 41 bits of training sequence used
accepted as RACH
10 ghosts per hour ave_rach_access
to BSC
In BTS sw B12 and DF5 the filtering of
After B9 around accesses with illegal establishment causes will be
1 ghosts per hour moved to BTS
to BSC

*) T3126: In GSM Ph.1 waiting period is not defined (e.g. a Nokia MS has 800ms) but in GSM ph.2 it is defined by a complex algoritm
and can be as long as 5 sec.
GSM 04.08 says: This timer is started either after sending the maximum allowed number of CHANNEL REQUEST messages during an
immediate assignment procedure or on receipt of an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT REJECT message,whichever occurs first.
It is stopped at receipt of an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message, or an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT EXTENDED message.
At its expiry, the immediate assignment procedure is aborted.

19 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

 Ghosts Author: J.Neva 12/96
Version: 1.0 5.12.96

9 Real Mobiles
8
1.467282 1.497941 1.225209 1.485909 1.401945
1.467282
7 1.497941 1.225209 1.485909 1.401945
1.391514 1.467282 1.385073 1.012121 1.252343
6
0 1 2 3 4
Level 5 In-band
4 Disturbances
3

1 White noise
White Noise
0
11

21

26
31
36
41
46

56

61
16

51
1
6

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 Parameters:
AG = = Number of Blocks Reserved for Access Grant
Access Grant capacity (S8-9) Author: J.Neva 10/96
Version: 1.2 1/2000
PMWG approval.:1.1 11.2.98
(0..7 if noncombined, 0..2 if combined, 1..7 if SBCH used in SDCCH/8)
NOTE:
If AG=0, Access Grant has priority over Paging
If AG<>0, Paging has priority on PCH
If AG<>0, only Access Grant is sent on AG blocks Ghosts having valid establishment
cause get trhough even if cell was
BSC
Channel barred.
Request RACH on CCCH
MS (RACH) BTS Channel Required /c3004
ch_req_msg_rec
Abort if Channel Activation
T3126 /c1000 /c1007
Channel Activation Ack T9103
expires sdcch_seiz_att sdcch_assign
OR
Channel Activation Nack
Immediate
Assignment
c3001
Immediate Assignment imm_assgn_sent
OR Buffer capacity = OR
8 Abis messages Immediate Assignment Rejected
Immediate c3002 c1155
Assignment e.g. SCCH blocking imm_ass_rej sdcch_unsucc_i
Rejected mm_assign_att
MS is not allowed to
attempt new RR- c3005
Overflow of Delete indication
establishment del_ind_msg_rec
i.e channel request AG buffer
until T3122 expires Returned for each deleted AGCH message SDCCH released with clear
CCCH overload code 500341.
Sent on AGCH or
alternatively on PCH One message can include 1 - 4
if there is free capacity Immediate Assignment
AG BLOCKING (blck_13) Reject -Messages
(from S6) !
sum(del_ind_msg_rec)
How many times Immediate Assignment or
100 * ----------------------------------------------------%
Immediate Assignment Reject have been
sum(imm_assgn_rej+imm_assgn_sent)
lost due to AG buffer overflow.
MS needs to send a new Channel Request.
table = p_nbsc_res_acc

21 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

 Author: J.Neva 5/96
MS accessing,
noise (ghosts)
SDCCH requests (S9) Version: 1.5 25.1.2001
PMWG approval.: v 1.5 25.1.2001
SDCCH ACCESSES REJECTED IN BSC ND report 134

BCSU Lower Limit = BCSU Upper Limit = Limit per CCCH = (Ghosts)
34 unhandled reqs 53 unhandled reqs 20 req.per BTS (CCCH) SDCCH FAILURES
RACH on CCCH /c3039 (S7) /c3040 (S7) /c3041 (S7) /c57020 (S7) T3101 adjustable by MML
/c3004 bcsu_overload_lower_li bcsu_overload_upper_li bcsu_overload_deleted_ra t3101_expired ZEGT:T3101..
mit mit ch
ch_req_msg_rec SDCCH FAILURES
Distance checking REJECTED DUE 5/8 OF GHOSTS (ph.1) AND /c1075
sdcch_abis_fail_call (blocked chan.,corrupted
BSS5280 (S5) TO ILLEGAL OTHER FAILURES BEFORE
EST.CAUSE (3/8 of ESTABL. IND. msgs, failed chan.act.)
REJECTED DUE TO
ghosts in ph.1´) (incl.IMSI detach):
DISTANCE
/c3030 /SD_1a
/c3031 (S5)
ghost_ccch_res c1007- TRF_25a
small part of failures
rej_seiz_att_due_dist
SDCCH- other than
SDCCH HO sdcch_abis_* failures
TRUE SDCCH SEIZURES
ASSIGNMENTS FOR /TRF_25a (not updated in SDCCH HO)
CALLS,LU,SS
/c1007 TRUE SDCCH SEIZURES FOR CALL,SMS, SS
/TRF-27
sdcch_assign
SDCCH REQUESTS MOC (incl.SMS and CALL RE-EST. SDCCH-
/c1000 SS) /c3020 SDCCH
TRUE SDCCH SEIZURES
/c3013 FOR CALL HO
SEIZURES FOR HO
sdcch_seiz_att succ_seiz_orig sdcch_call_re_est
/c1006 /TRF-26

sdcch_ho_seiz MTC (incl.SMS) EMERGENCY CALL TRF-27

/c3012 /c3021 - succ_sdcch_sms_est
succ_seiz_term sdcch_emerg_call - unsucc _sdcch_sms_est TCH
BLOCKED
/blck_15
SDCCH BLOCKING (blck_5a)
LOCATION UPDATE IMSI DETACH TRUE SDCCH SEIZURES
sdcch_busy_att -
/c3019 /c3033 (S7) FOR SMS
tch_seiz_due_sdcch_
sdcch_loc_upd imsi_detach_sdcch
con
succ_sdcch_sms_est
Normal LU + unsucc _sdcch_sms_est
FACCH call setups
NOTE: Periodic LU Call_assign_after_sms
/c1099
Triggered also in case of /c??? S10.5
HO attempt if there are no IMSI attach
tch_seiz_due_sdcch_
free SDCCH con

SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICE REQUEST CALL RE-EST. ASSGN.

/c3044 (S9) /c57022 (S7)
succ_seiz_supplem_serv sdcch_re_est_assign

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