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Fundamentals of Multimedia
Lecture 3 –
MEDIA REPRESENTATION AND MEDIA FORMATS
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Media Representation and Formats
Text
Digital Images
Digital Video
Digital Audio
Graphics
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Digital Images
Types of Image
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Bitmap Images
The most common and comprehensive form of
storage for images on computers is bitmap image.
Bitmap use combination blocks of different colors
(known as pixels) to represent an image. Each pixel
is assigned a specific location and color value.
There are also called pixelized or raster images
Software to edit bitmapped graphics are :
Adobe Photoshop
Paint Shop Pro
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Bitmap Images
Look more deeply to digital image
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Bitmap Images
Look more deeply to digital image
Consists of a set of pixels has height and width (dimensions)
the pixels have a bit depth
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Bitmap Images
Advantage
Can have different textures on the drawings; detailed and
comprehensive.
Disadvantage
Large file size.
Not easy to make modification to objects/drawings.
Graphics become "blocky" when the size is increased.
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Digital Images
Bit depth: refers to the number of bits used to represent each pixel and
it divided into channels.
1 bit (1 channel) → binary image
8 bit (1 channel) → gray scale image
24 bit (3 channel , R , G , B) → color image
One more channel can be used and its called ∝ 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒍
The ∝ 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙 suggests a measure of the transparency for that
pixel value and is used in image compositing application
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1-bit Images
Each pixel is stored as a single bit (0 or 1), so also referred to as binary image.
Such an image is also called a 1-bit monochrome image since it contains no
color. Also known as a bi-level image.
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8-bit Gray Level Images
Each pixel has a gray-value between 0 and 255. Each pixel is
represented by a single byte; e.g., a dark pixel might have a value of
10, and a bright one might be 230.
Each pixel is usually stored as a byte (a value between 0 to 255), so a
640 × 480 gray scale image requires 300 KB of storage
(640 * 480 = 307200 byte).
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8-bit color Images
Many systems can make use of 8 bits of color information
(the so-called \256 colors") in producing a screen image.
Such image files use the concept of a lookup table to
store color information.
Basically, the image stores not color, but instead just a set
of bytes, each of which is actually an index into a table with
3-byte values that specify the color for a pixel with that
lookup table index.
Great saving in space for 8-bit images, over 24-bit ones: a
640*480 8-bit color image only requires 300 KB of storage,
compared to 921.6 KB for a color image
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Color Look-up Tables (LUTs)
The idea used in 8-bit color images is to store only the
index, or code value, for each pixel. Then, e.g., if a pixel
stores the value 25, the meaning is to go to row 25 in a
color look-up table (LUT).
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8-bit color Images
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24 Bit Color Images
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∝ 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐥𝒔 in compositing two images
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Aspect Ratio
Aspect Ratios: Image aspect ratio refers to the
width/height ratio of the images, and plays an important
role in standards.
Different applications require different aspect ratios.
Some of the commonly used aspect ratios for images
are:
3:2 (when developing and printing photographs)
4:3 (television images)
16:9 (high-definition images)
47:20 (anamorphic formats used in cinemas).
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Bitmap Image File Format
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Vector Image
Vector images: are based on drawing elements/objects
to create an image.
The elements and objects are stored as a series of
command that define the individual objects.
Packages that allow to create vector graphics
include :
Macromedia Freehand MX
Macromedia Flash MX
Adobe Illustrator
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Vector Image
Examples:
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Vector Image
Advantage
Small file size.
Maintain quality as the size of the
graphics is increased.
Easy to edit the drawings as
each object is independent of the
other.
Disadvantage
Objects/drawings cannot have
texture;
It can only have plain colors or
gradients ;
Limited level of detail that can be
presented in an image.
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Resolution
Image resolution is a measure of how finely a device
approximate continuous images using finite pixels
Low Resolution Finer resolution
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Resolution
Image resolution is a measure of how finely a device
approximate continuous images using finite pixels
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Resolution
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Resolution
128
= = 1.78 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ = 1.78 × 25.4 = 45 𝑚𝑚
72
128
= = 1.11 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ = 1.11 × 25.4 = 28 𝑚𝑚
115
128
= = 0.21𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ = 0.21 × 25.4 = 5 𝑚𝑚
600
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Resolution
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