CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
Confined Space Entry (CSE)
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Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
Terminal objective
You will be able to summarize the confined space entry process based on
the information in General Instructions 2.100, 2.709 and the construction
safety manual.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
Enabling objectives
You will be able to:
1.1 Define and identify a confined space.
1.2 State the requirements of the confined space entry program.
1.3 Define the requirements to plan and prepare a confine space entry.
1.4 Identify work hazards and control measures.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
1.1 CONFINED SPACES
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
WHAT IS A CONFINED SPACE?
What is a Confined Space?
❑ Large enough to allow workers to enter and perform work.
❑ Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit.
❑ Not designed for human occupancy.
❑ Contains or has the possibility to contain a hazardous atmosphere.
❑ Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazards
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
WHAT IS CONFINED SPACE ENTRY?
What is Confined Space Entry?
❑ Entry of any part of the body into a confined space.
❑ Includes all periods of time when the confined space is occupied.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
EXAMPLES OF CONFINED SPACES
❑ Columns, Vessels.
❑ Storage Tanks.
❑Pipelines.
❑Valve boxes.
❑Manholes.
❑Ventilation ducts.
❑Boilers, steam generators.
❑Heat exchangers.
❑ Sewers, sumps, pits.
❑ Barge compartments.
❑ Excavations (at least 4 ft deep).
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
Complete Exercise A in your workbook.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
1.2 CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROGRAM
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROGRAM
❑ Proponent department’s local program.
❑ Identify confined spaces.
❑Identify hazards of confined spaces.
❑Developing confined space entry plans.
❑ Training requirements & qualifications.
❑ Rescue procedures.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMITS
Confined space entry permits are
mandatory before entry into:
❑ confined spaces within a Saudi Aramco
facility.
❑ confined spaces at a project site.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
Issuers and Receivers:
❑ Identify which permits are required.
❑ Conduct a joint site inspection.
❑ Identify and document hazards and precautions on the permit forms.
❑ Complete the Hazard Analysis Checklist.
❑ Attach additional forms to the permit if required.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
Management:
❑ Develop CSE program.
❑ Develop and review CSE plans.
❑ Identify training and qualifications.
❑ Mandate training.
❑ Restrict confined space entry to trained personnel.
❑ Designate Confined Space Entry Supervisors (CSES).
❑ Provide equipment required for safe confined space entry.
❑ Conduct drills and emergency scenarios.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY SUPERVISOR (CSES)
❑ Assigned by the issuer.
❑ Decides if conditions are acceptable for entry.
❑ Authorizes entry.
❑ Supervises entry operations.
❑ Stops entry if required.
❑ Generally the work permit issuer.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY SUPERVISOR (CSES)
❑ Reviews entry plan.
❑ Communicates plan with entrants and standby men.
❑ Implementation of permits and plans.
❑ Training of entrants and standby men.
❑ Designates trained standby men.
❑ Generally issues CSE permits.
❑ Provides manpower and coordinate activities of multiple crews.
❑ Checks isolation, purging and gas test results.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY SUPERVISOR (CSES)
❑ Monitors confined space activity.
❑ Ensures logs are completed.
❑ Ensures PPE is provided and used.
❑ Provides communications equipment.
❑ Provides immediate response equipment.
❑ Emergency rescue capabilities.
❑ STOPS confined space entry, when necessary.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY STANDBY MAN
❑ Reviews the entry plan and permits.
❑ Understands possible hazards.
❑ Maintains entry log.
❑ Monitors activities inside and outside the confined space.
❑ Maintains two-way communication.
❑ Notifies personnel in the event of an emergency.
Note: in some cases the standby man may be assigned as a fire watch
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY STANDBY MAN
❑ Does not leave the ‘entry point’.
❑ Never enters the confined space.
❑ Primary responsibility; no other duties.
Orders entrants to evacuate when:
❑ an unsafe condition develops.
❑ an entrant displays unusual behavior effects from hazard exposure.
❑ If the standby man has leave the area and no relief is provided, the
entrants must evacuate the space.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
ENTRANT
A trained worker who will go into a confined space to perform
assigned work.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
ENTRANT
❑ Reviews all permits.
❑ Reviews entry plan.
❑ Checks work and site preparation.
❑ Understands potential hazards in the confined space.
❑ Is trained on use of PPE.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
ENTRANT
Never enters until:
❑ Safety requirements are in place.
❑ Clearly understands work assignment.
Maintains communication with standby man.
Alerts the Standby man and other entrants to exit when:
❑ Order to evacuate is given.
❑ Warning signs or symptoms of exposure develop.
❑ Emergency alarm is activated.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
Complete Exercise B in your workbook.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
1.3 CSE PLANNING &
PREPARATION
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PLANNING
Why plan?
❑ To assess possible hazards and control measures.
Who plans?
❑ Proponent department or contractor.
Planning:
❑ Review scope of work
❑ Perform a hazard evaluation of space and surrounding area
❑ Unique to specific space
❑ Prepared in advance
❑ Use ‘what if’ scenarios for emergency procedures.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PLANNING
❑ Scope of work.
❑ Identification of hazards.
❑ Locate and identify method of each isolation point.
❑ Procedures for cleaning, purging or ventilating.
❑ Entry and exit requirements
❑ Pedestrian and vehicle barriers
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PLANNING
❑ Fall protection plans.
❑ Types and frequency of gas testing.
❑ PPE requirements.
❑ Equipment required to do work.
❑ Emergency response procedures.
❑ Plan available for review.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
PRE-ENTRY PREPARATION
Pre Entry Preparation
❑ Review plan with the work crew.
❑ Perform a hazard evaluation of space and surrounding area.
❑ Implement control measures.
❑ Rescue plan must be in place before entry.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PREPARATION
If only Saudi Aramco employees involved:
❑ Operations can receive permits.
❑ Every entry must have a CSE supervisor.
❑ Entrants must be physically fit for entry.
❑ Standby man assigned by CSE supervisor.
❑ Communication equipment.
❑ Fire extinguisher.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PREPARATION
Ensure the required permits are issued, then prepare the job site:
❑ Isolate work site using signs, barricades.
❑ Check entry/exit points.
❑ Entry equipment.
❑ Communication equipment.
❑ Initial response and equipment.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PREPARATION
Confined space entry checklist:
❑ Specific checklist for complex entry.
❑ Hazard analysis checklist from permit in most other cases.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CHECKLIST EXAMPLES
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CHECKLIST EXAMPLES
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
✓ ✓
N. Habidi A. Al Yamani
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PREPARATION
❑ No obstruction at entry points.
❑ Post warning signs and permits.
❑ Isolate and ventilate.
❑ Gas test per CSE plan.
❑ Issue proper PPE.
❑ Use CSE checklist.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
ISOLATION AND LOTO
Isolate energy sources:
Electrical:
❑ Lock Out - Tag Out (LOTO).
Mechanical:
❑ LOTO.
Hydraulic and pneumatic:
❑ Depressurize.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
ISOLATION AND LOTO
Drain:
❑ Hazardous materials.
Clean:
❑ Water wash.
❑ Steaming.
Purge:
❑ Nitrogen.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
Complete Exercise C in your workbook.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
1.4 CSE WORK HAZARDS
AND CONTROLS
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS
❑Engulfment
❑Temperature extremes
❑Electrical
❑Mechanical
❑Noise
❑Slips, trips and falls
❑Poor lighting
❑Atmospheric
❑Configuration of confined spaces
❑External activities (heavy equipment, exhaust fumes)
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS
Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere:
❑ Consumption.
❑ Displacement.
Flammable Atmosphere:
❑ Hydrocarbons.
❑ By-product of work.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS
Toxic Atmosphere:
❑ Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
❑ Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Radioactive Material (NORM)
❑ Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials
Mercury
Note: found in crude refining vessels.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
EXTERNAL HAZARDS
Such as:
❑ Combustion engines.
❑ Equipment opening/line break other line opening activity.
❑ Hydrocarbon sampling
❑ Loading/unloading operations
❑ Overhead crane lifts
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONTROL MEASURE EXAMPLES
Do not store inside the space :
❑ Flammables or combustible materials.
❑ Compressed gas cylinders.
Sources of Ignition:
❑ Follow hot work permit rules.
❑ Equipment shall meet electrical classification for the area.
❑ Fire protection equipment available.
❑ Ground air movers to prevent static build-up.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONTROL MEASURE EXAMPLES
Electrical shock:
❑ A ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) on tools and equipment.
❑ UL listed or FM approved equipment.
❑ Cord protection.
Power failure resulting in loss of inside lighting.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONTROL MEASURE EXAMPLES
Preparation.
❑ Drain.
❑ Nitrogen purge.
❑ Clean.
Isolate.
❑ Lock-out Tag-out.
❑ Blind.
❑ Disconnect.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONTROL MEASURE EXAMPLES
Ventilation:
❑ Mechanical supply.
❑ Position of equipment.
❑ Ground equipment.
❑ Cooling.
❑ Exhaust ventilation.
❑ Natural ventilation.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONTROL MEASURE EXAMPLES
Examples of gases that need to be monitored:
❑ O2.
❑ H2S.
❑ LEL.
❑ CO.
Frequency of testing:
❑ Before first entry.
❑ After breaks.
❑ Conditions change.
❑ Periodic intervals (e.g. every 2hours).
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONTROL MEASURE EXAMPLES
❑ Initial gas test with ventilation shut down.
❑ Acceptable entry working conditions.
❑ Continuous monitoring when required.
❑ Evacuation of the space.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
GAS TEST WORKING LIMITS
❑ Identify gases to be sampled
❑ Conduct gas test from outside entry point
❑ Verify if acceptable to enter
❑ Use proper PPE to enter space
❑ Conduct gas test within space
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
IMPORTANT LIMITS TO KNOW
Breathing apparatus shall be continuously worn if:
❑ O2 is less than 20.0%.
❑ Flammable gases are at/or above 5% and less than 10% LEL.
❑ CO is at or above 35 ppm and less than 1000 ppm.
❑ H2S is at or above 10 ppm and less than 100 ppm.
❑ Other toxic gases are above their TLV and at or below their IDLH level.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
IMPORTANT LIMITS TO KNOW
Confined space entry is not permitted if the atmosphere is:
❑ O2 is above 23.5 %.
❑ Flammable gases are at or above 10% LEL.
❑ CO is at or above 1000 ppm.
❑ H2S is at or above 100 ppm.
❑ Other toxic gases are above their IDLH level.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
❑ Self Contained Breathing Apparatus /Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus.
❑ Air Purifying cartridge respirator
❑ Coveralls.
❑ FRC.
❑ Safety helmet.
❑ Eye and face protection.
❑ Hearing protection.
❑ Safety shoes or boots.
❑ Gloves.
❑ Full body harness with lanyard for rescue.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
❑ Issue CSE permit.
❑ Control access.
❑ Record entry and exit of personnel.
❑ Conduct atmospheric gas testing.
❑ Perform the required work.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
COMMUNICATION
Face to face:
❑ Verbal.
❑ Hand Signals.
Rope System: 1 tug Ok. Can be to ask if OK and to answer
2 tugs Advance, give me rope
❑ OATH Method.
3 tugs Take up rope. I'm coming back
4 tugs Help
Radios.
CSE Log-In Out Sheet .
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CSE ENTRY LOG
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
STOP WORK
❑ Reasons to ‘STOP’ work.
❑ Procedure for re-entry after breaks, emergency conditions, etc.
❑ Atmospheric testing requirements.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Prepare for rescue:
❑ Rescue team and equipment availability.
❑ Department and site specific procedures.
❑ Team awareness and knowledge.
❑ Training and rescue drills.
Never attempt a rescue unless you are trained and equipped.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Atmosphere during the rescue:
❑ Considered to be Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH).
Standby Man:
❑ Do not rescue.
❑ Notifies emergency team and CSE supervisor.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
CONFINED SPACE RESTORATION
Return to operation:
❑ Account for all entrants.
❑ Remove tools and equipment.
❑ Close and seal man-ways and flanges.
❑ All valves back to operation mode.
❑ Remove isolations and LOTO.
❑ Handover equipment, use checklist.
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CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
Complete Exercise D in your workbook.
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59
