ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the role of the supervisor from a performance

management and control perspective. This investigation has two parts: (1)
who to select as supervisor and (2) does the supervisor actually have an
impact on subordinate performance. As many organizations have a structured
supervision program in place that aims at developing employees, it is
important to understand the determinants of the eligibility to act as
supervisor. Therefore, I examine which competencies influence the likelihood
of receiving the responsibilities and tasks that come with the supervisory role
I hypothesize that soft skills increase the employee's likelihood of becoming a
supervisor as these are necessary to effectively communicate and transfer
knowledge to subordinates. Next, I investigate if and to what extent the
expected benefits from supervision are actually realized by the subordinates.
The effectiveness of such supervision programs are especially important as
knowledge and skills have to be passed on to the next generation of
employees. Hence, I predict that the supervisors' ability and effort is a crucial
factor that positively influences the performance of their subordinates. In
addition, I identify a measure specifically capturing supervisor counselling
ability, which enhance the transfer of the supervisor's general knowledge and
skills. Using proprietary data from an international professional
INTRODUCTION
Stepping into a supervisory role in social work involves a shift of status,
perspective and identity. New supervisors bring skills and experience which
can be both asset and hindrance as they make the transition. Frequently they
encounter gaps in training, support and supervision as well as dissonance
between espoused policy and their own experience, This article identifies
ways in which supervisors can be resourced to meet the challenge of their role
and, as a result, be better placed to support others. It explores what is
involved in supervising the supervisors, drawing on the experience of
teaching managers on post-qualifying courses in professional supervision in
Scotland.
Study of Role of Supervisor in Directing and Controlling "
1.0 Rationale:-

In this project we are studying roles and responsibilities of team members. In

project we are going to collect information for the management of roll of
supervisor in directing and controlling which we are going to study of roll of
supervisor and their responsibilities.

In this project study The supervisor's overall role is to communicate

organizational needs, oversee employees' performance, provide guidance,
support, identify development needs, and manage the reciprocal relationship
between staff and the organization so that each is successful.

2.0 Aim/Benefits of the Micro-project :-

1] Study about Roles and responsibilities of supervisor.

2] Study their Identifying and applying career advancement opportunities.

3] To study how helping to resolve employee issues and disputes

4] To study the Directing and Controlling at supervisory level.

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved :-

1] To understand the benefits of effective oral and written communication

skills.

2] To identify the purpose of meetings in the working environment.

3] Understand the knowledge of the skills of problem-solving and decision-

making.

4] To understand the Creating and managing team schedules

◆Goal of supervisor:

The goal of supervisory management is to guide employees in their assigned

roles and responsibilities within a company, managing methods of efficiency
and processes of productivity, along with reviewing performance and
developing improvements. Managers work closely with both the employees
and the executive teams to create goals for the company and provide feedback
on products and production methods. They help guide employees in
developing their professional skills. Supervisory management is crucial to
business because it also helps keep employees accountable, ensuring that
everyone in the company performs their assigned tasks and works well with
team members.

1. What is supervisor?

Supervisor is the act of overseeing teams of employees and guiding daily

operations in a business A Supervisor is the company's connection between
the employee and the execution team of the business. Managers conduct
interviews, assign productivity quotas, monitor employee progress and help
set goals for the company and its employees. A good manager can help
employees feel more confident in their work and improve communication
between employees and upper management.
Give employees feedback on their performance.

Solve workplace challenges or conflicts.

Convey department goals and targets to their team.

Communicate updates and status reports to upper management.

◆Supervisory management can employees skills such as:

Problem-solving: Supervisors and managers are typically good problem-

solvers, providing solutions for employees and guiding them through unique.
challenges they might face at work.

Mentoring: Leaders leam to mentor employees and subordinates, guiding

them toward personal growth and assisting them in developing job-related
skills.

Strategy: Company leaders often use strategic planning skills to navigate

complex issues or encourage innovation at a company.

Self-awareness: Company leaders can acknowledge the extent of their own

skill sets and work to reduce the gap between their skills and the company's
challenges. This can help them better meet those challenges and provide a
good example for employees.

Honesty: Company leaders who display honesty and integrity in speech and
action promote a more honest and open workplace. This can help prioritize
communication and turn challenges into team projects.

Analysis: Company leaders analyze situations, problems and challenges for

details that might provide insight or a potential solution.
◆Responsibilities of a Supervisor:

Supervisor responsibilities include:

1. Managing workflow

2. Training new hires

3. Creating and managing team schedules.

4. Reporting to HR and senior management

5. Evaluating performance and providing feedback

6. Identifying and applying career advancement opportunities

7. Helping to resolve employee issues and disputes

◆Importance of Supervisor:

(i) Supervisor maintains day-to-day contact and maintains friendly relations

with workers. A good supervisor acts as a guide, friend and philosopher to the
workers.

(ii) Supervisor acts as a link between workers and management. He conveys

management ideas to the workers on one hand and workers problems to the
management on the other.

(iii) Supervisor plays a key role in maintaining group unity among workers
placed under his control.

(iv) Supervisor ensures performance of work according to the targets set. He

takes responsibility for task achievement and motivates his workers
effectively.

(v) Supervisor provides good on the job training to the workers and
employees.

(vi) Supervisory leadership plays a key role in influencing the workers in the
organisation.

(vii) A good supervisor analyses the work per formed and gives feedback to
the workers. He suggests ways and means of developing work skills.
◆Functions of a Supervisor:

A supervisor is a member of the management team of an enterprise. So he

must perform managerial functions of planning, organising, staffing, directing
and controlling.In particular, supervisor performs the following functions:

1. Planning and Organising:

Planning is essential for successful and efficient working of every section of

department. Like manager at higher levels in the organisation, the supervisor
is also responsible for planning the work of his section although his planning
is greatly limited in scope by his authority.

2. Provision of Working Conditions:

Physical setting of the work, illumination, ventilation and sitting facility, all
have direct effect upon the productivity and health of the workmen. It is,
therefore, the responsibility of the supervisor provide hygienic and proper
conditions of work to the

workers.

3. Guidance and Leadership:He leads the workers of his department. He fixes

production targets for them and provides them the necessary guidance for
doing the work assigned to them.
4. Motivation:

He motivates his subordinates by providing financial and non- financial

incentives. He inspires them for higher quality and productivity.

5. Controlling:

Controlling is an important function of the supervisor. Supervisory control

includes cheeking progress of work against the planned schedule, recording
actual performance at regular intervals and reporting work completed along-
with deviation, if any, to the manager concerned.

7. Reporting:

The supervisor has to prepare various reports on the progress of the work
assigned to him and also on the performance of the workers. The reports may
be forwarded to the management on a weekly or monthly basis. Regular
reporting by the supervisor is a useful tool utilised by the management in
planning and controlling operations.

8. Directing:

Directing takes place at every level of management: Every manager, from top
executive to supervisor performs the function of directing. The directing takes
place wherever superior

9. Enforcing Discipline:

A supervisor can undertake many steps to maintain discipline in the concern

by regulating checks and measures, strictness in orders and instructions,
keeping an account of general discipline of factory, implementing penalties
and punishments for the indiscipline workers. All these above steps help in
improving the overall discipline of the factory.
Role of supervisor in Directing:
The process of directing involves guiding, coaching, instructing, motivating
leading the people in an organization to achieve organisational objectives.
Directing includes the Leadership, Motivation, Communication.Directing sets
in motion the action of people because planning, organizing, and staffing are
the mere preparations for doing the work. Direction is an aspect of
management that deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, and
motivating staff for the achievement of organizational goals. instructing,
guiding, supervising and influencing people enabling them to achieve
organizational objectives is called Directing.

Aspects of Direction:
(a) Supervision: is most effective when workers are under supervision of
manager. Immediate direction is always possible on the spot.

(b) Leadership: Leader can better direet the team under him/her. Leader can
effectively do this function.

(c) Motivation: Direction requires additional energy of motivation. After

motivation by management workers will definitely show actions in correct
direction.

(d) Communication:For effective directing, there is necessity of clear and

complete communication.

(e) Co-ordination: There should be co-ordination while directing the

subordinates.
Techniques of Direction:

(a) Consultative Direction: This is possible by consulting dialogue between

manager and workers. Experience speaks in such direction. Management 1.19
Introduction to Management Concepts and Managerial Skills

(b) Autocratic Direction Here seniors without any consulting, or any feedback
give orders to subordinates

(c) Free-rein Direction: Here, subordinate is allowed to express his/her views.

The senior gives general guidelines. The subordinate has freedom to have
certain flexibility of actions. It is democratic way of direction.

Importance of Direction:

(a) It joins the gap between management and subordinates.

(b) It is nothing but guidelines to juniors from seniors.

(c) Experience is always better in doing direction.

(d) Success rate is more due to valid and correct direction.

(e) It removes confusion among team members.

Principles of Directing Function:

(a) Integrated objectives:

Effective directing requires that the goals of the organization and the
individuals. in the organization should be integrated so that all subordinates
develop a sense of belonging to the organization,
(b) Direct supervision: The superiors should maintain direct contact with
subordinates; informal relationships facilitate the function of directing.

(c) Participative managerial style: The subordinates' morale will be higher

when their views are serious incorporated into the managerial decision
making.

(d) Unity of direction:The direction must be clear and unambiguous and from
a single chain of command, otherwise the authority will be undermined
resulting in disorder and confusion.

(c) Followthrough: Effective direction demands achievement of results. The

results can only be achieved by being constantly in touch with the
development. This requires continuous supervision, guidance, advice and
coaching of subordinates in their activities to attain the desired goals.

Roll of supervisor in Controlling:

In controlling, the managers evaluate how well the organization is achieving
its goals and takes corrective action to improve the performance. Setting
standards of performance. Controlling is an important function of the
supervisor. Supervisory control includes checking on the methods in use and
progress of work against the planned schedule, recording actual performance
at regular intervals and reporting work completed along with deviations, if
any, to the managers concerned. Controlling is one of the important functions
of a manager. In order to seek planned results from the subordinates, a
manager needs to exercise effective control over the activities of the
subordinates. In other words, the meaning of controlling function can be
defined as ensuring that activities in an organization are performed as per the
plans. Controlling also ensures that an organization's resources are being used
effectively & efficiently for the achievement of predetermined goals.
Characteristics of Control:

(a) It is vital action for avoiding losses.

(b) It is dynamic in nature..

(c) It needs at any time.

(d) It is an end function.

(e) It is a flexible activity.

(f) It is a continuous process.

Essentials of an Effective Control System:

(a) Controlling system should be suitable for the planned objectives.

(b) There should be someone who will take the responsibility of controls.

(c) Control system should be objective in nature,

(d) Control system should not be influenced by any other subjective criteria.

(e) Reporting in control system should be immediate and prompt.

(f) Its focus should be on important and strategic points,

(g) The system should be clear and understandable.

(h) The control system should be economical.

Techniques used for Control Function:
a) Statistical reports.

(b) Audit,

(c) Personal observation,

(d) Budgetary control.

(c) CPM.

(1) PERT.

(g) Breakeven Analysis.

Steps in Controlling Function:

(a) Establishment of standards

(b) Measurement of performance

(c) Comparing the activity

(d) Remedial action.

Scope for Control by Supervisor:
Supervisor has scope to control in following arcas:

1. Control over short term policies.

2. Control over department.

3. Control over workers.

4. Control over production.

5. Control over cost of production.

6. Control over cycle time.

7. Control over material.

8. Control over machines.

Advantages of Supervisor :-

1) Best position to evaluate performance vs. strategic goals

2) Make decision about reward

3) Increased employee satisfaction.

4) Leadership and skill development.

5) Stronger inner-organizational networks.

7) Facilitates the growth and development of high-potential leaders.

Disadvantages of Supervisor :-

1) Supervisor may not be able to directly observe performance.

2)Evaluations may be based.

3) Authoritarianism.

4) Disrespect towards employees.

5) Insufficient help provided to employees.

6) Lack of empathy/unforgiving

◆CONCLUSION:
A congruent approach to support and supervision across all levels of an
organisation helps foster a reflective culture which can engage with emotions and
with complexity.

Skill Developed/Learning outcomes of the Micro-project:-

1. We studied the complete study of supervisor in controlling and directing.

2. We studied that overall management of supervisor

3. We developed our team spirit.

4. We developed our soft skills.

Applications of this Micro-project:-

1. To learn the different role of supervisor

2. To understood how to manage workers and influences them to work their

best.