[ Copyrighted Materials | PREPARATORY COMMANDS ‘The program address G identifies a preparatory com- ‘mand, often called a G-code. This address has one and only ‘objective - tha is to preset ot o prepare the control system toa certain desired condition, or toa certain mode orastate of operation. For example, address G00 presets a rapid mo- tion mode forthe machine tool but does nat move any axis, address G81 presets the drilling cycle but does not drill any holes, ete. The common term preparatory command indi ‘cates its meaning -a G-code will prepare control cept the programming instructions folowing the G-code, in ‘specific way. DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE (One block example will ilustrate the need for prepara tory commands in the following program entiy N7 x13.0 ¥10.0 Even a casual look at this block shows that the coordi nates X13.0Y10.0 relate to the cutting tool end position, when block N7is executed (ie., processed by the control. [Block N7 does not indicate whether the coordinates are in absolute or incremental mode. It does not indicate whether X13.0¥ 10.0 are in metric or imperial units, Neither it indi cates whether the actual motion to this specified target po- sition is a rapid motion or a linear motion, IF evaluation of | such a block cannot establish the meaning of its contents, control system does not have enough information. The supplied information in such a block is incomplete, there fore unusable by itself. Some additional instructions forthe coordinates are required that define their full purpose. For example, in order to make the block N7 tool mation inrapid mode (G00) using absolute dimensions (G90), all these instructions ~or commands - musi be specified before the black or within the block: © Example A N7 690 G00 113.0 10.0 © Example B x3 690 Na x Né N7 G00 13.0 ¥10.0 © Example ¢: 15 630 600 ne x5 Né N7 343.0 ¥10.0 © Example D: 12 630 3 coo Na NS Né N7 343.0 ¥10.0 All four examples have the same machining result, pro- viding that there is no change of any G-code mode between blocks N4 and N6 in the examples B, C and D. G-codes that ean be written once and stay in effect until canceled or ‘changed are modal G-codes, divided into logical groups, (One G-code ina modal group replaces ‘another G-code fram the same group ‘Modal and non-modal G-codes will be described shortly Each control system has its own list of available G-codes, ‘Many G-codes are very common and can be found on vir- tually all controls, others are unigue to the particular con- ‘rol system, even the machine tool. Because ofthe nature of| ‘machining applications th list of typical G-codes will be different for milling systems and turning systems. The same applies for other types of machines. Each group of Gecodes must be kept separate. (Check machine documentation fr avalable G codes! APPLICATIONS FOR MILLING ‘The G-code table on the next page is a considerably de- tailed list of the most common preparatory commands used for programming CNC milling machines and CNC ma- chining centers. All listed G-codes may not be applicable to particular machine and control system, so consult your ‘machine and control reference manual to make sure, Some G-codes listed are a special option that must be available for the CNC machine in the control system. SL52 Chapter 8 Geode Description G code Description G00 | Rapid positioning 652 __ | Local coordinate system setting 601 | Linear interpolation (653 _| Machine coordinate system G02 __| Circular interpolation clockwise (CW) 654 | Work coordinate offset 1 603 __| Circular interpolation counterclockwise (CCW) (655 | Work coordinate offset 2 605 | Dwell asa separate block only 256 | Work coordinate offset 3 G09 _ | Fxact stop check - one block only 57_| Work coordinate offset 4 G10 _ | Programmable data input - Data Seting 658 _| Work coordinate offvet 5 G11 | Data Seting mode cancel (659 _| Work coordinate offset 6 G15 _ | Polar Coordinate Command cancel (G60 _ | Single direction positioning G16 _ | Polar Coordinate Command 661 | Exact stop mode Gt7_| X¥-plane designation G62__| Automatic comer override mode G18 _ | ZX-plane designation 663 | Tapping mode G19 _ | ¥Z-plane designation 664 | Cutting mode 620__ | Imperial wots oF np 665 | Custom macro call G2i_ | Mewie units oF input (666 _ | Custom macro modal call 22_| Stored stroke check ON (G67 _ | Custom macro modal call cancel 23 _| Stored stroke check OFF 6a | Coordinate system rotation 25 _| Spindle speed Nuctuation detection ON 669 | Coordinate system rotation cancel G25 _| Spindle speed Muctuation detection OFF 673__ | High speed peck drilling eyele (deep hole) 627_ | Machine zero postion check (74 _ | Lett hand treading eycle 628 _| Machine zero rtum (reference point 1) 676 _| Fine boring eyele 629 _| Return from machine zero G80 | Fixed cycle cancel G20__| Machine zero retura (reference point 2) G81 _ | Dalling cycle Gat_| Skip funetion 82_| Spotting ele G40_ | Cutter radius compensation cancel 683 __ | Peck-ariling eyele (Jeep hole drilling eyele) G41_| Cutter radius compensation - let (G84 | Righthand threading eyele G42_| Cutter radius compensation - right 685 | Boring eyele (643 | Tool length compensation - positive 686 | Boring eyele G44 _ | Too! length compensation - negative G87_| Backboring eyele (G45 _| Position compensation - single increase 688__| Boring eyele G45 _ | Position compensation single decrease 659 | Boring cycle G47 _ | Position compensation - double increase 680 _ | Absolute dimensioning mode G48 __| Position compensation - double decrease (691 _ | Incremental dimensioning mode (649 _ | Too! length offset cancel (682 | Tool postion register 650 _ | Scaling function cancel (G98 | Return to inital level ina fixed cycle G51_| Scaling function G99_| Retum to R-level ina fixed eyelenamaormeateren macrearnee | [Seo Dept APPLICATIONS FOR TURNING fer telco es ab Fanuc lathe controls usc three G-code group types - A, B 654 | Work coordinate oftet 1 see tee amecrger ie eemae ge [es | Woke onez soa enon prema mma Sat, [es | Wok nineties coz Circular interpolation clockwise G65 Custom macto call (603 _ | Circular interpolation counterclockwise 666 _ | Custom macro modal call (G04 | Dwell (asa separate block) G67 | Custom macro modal call cancel 626 _| Spindle speed fluctuation detection OFF 676 _| Threading cycle (628 _| Machine zero return (reference point 1) 690 _ | Absolute command (Group ope B (630 _| Machine zero return (reference point 2) G92 _| Thread cutting cycle (Group pe A) (642 _ | Too! nose radius compensation right 698 _| Feedrate per minute (Grow