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Barbara Ramirez

Professor Martinez

ENGL 1302-217

09 February 2024

Children and cellular devices in their lives - Annotated Bibliography

Bartholomew, Scott R., and Edward Reeve. “Middle School Student Perceptions and Actual Use

of Mobile Devices: Highlighting Disconnects in Student Planned and Actual Usage of

Mobile Devices in Class.” Journal of Educational Technology & Society, vol. 21, no. 1,

2018, pp. 48–58. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/26273867. Accessed 7 Feb. 2024.

In this article, the authors conduct an investigation into what children think about the use

of cell phones in an academic environment. The study primarily collects information

about the opinions of students, teachers, parents, and administration about what they

think about the use of mobile phones for academic purposes. The most interesting results

were from the 458 children that were surveyed since they contradicted themselves a little

when it came to saying and doing, "students' perceptions of how they would use mobile

devices, if given the chance, and the realities surrounding their current use when given

the opportunity " (Bartholomew 1) This study helps me to have a better understanding of

the students' perspectives and their opinions about the use of cell phones that is

increasingly seen and implemented in society. With this, I will be able to add more

information to my research about whether it is a benefit that the use of cell phones is

implemented more, or if it can be a distraction for students.

Butgereit, L., et al. “Using Cell Phones to Improve Language Skills: The Hadeda Project”. In:

Villafiorita, A., Saint-Paul, R., Zorer, A. (eds) E-Infrastructures and E-Services on

Developing Countries. AFRICOMM 2009. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer

Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 38. Springer,

Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12701-4_2

The authors talk in their article about children's abilities to have communication skills,

highlighting communication as an important pillar to society in addition that there are

several ways to communicate in several different languages, signs, writings, etc.

"Unfortunately, cell phones are often blamed for the degradation of language skills''

(Butgereit 1). There are studies that blame cell phone usage and instant messaging as

being responsible for the lack of language skills of children. However, despite the fact

that cell phones can be one of the biggest distractors, the authors found an

application/program that helps children learn how to improve their speech and

communication. The program is called Hadeda and helps children practice their spelling

by games and fun stuff. This study will help me add to my paper that although cell

phones can be risky for children, parents or adults can also find ways for children to use

cell phones responsibly, so they can learn through the use of these devices.

Byun, Yoon-Hwan, et al. “Mobile phone use, blood lead levels, and attention deficit

hyperactivity symptoms in children: a longitudinal study.” PloS one vol. 8,3 (2013):

e59742. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059742

Byun, et al. discuss in their article the dangers to which children are exposed when using

cell phones. Specifically they talk about the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic

field (RF-EMF) exposure to children's brains. The purpose of this research is to see the

connection of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) becoming a

consequence for those young children who own a cell phone. The article explains that
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one of the reasons why it is bad for some children to use phones at an early age is

because their brains are vulnerable to the different types of changes they face when using

cell phones. This research is supported by a two-year case follow-up of a group of

elementary school children. This journal contains information that will help me determine

whether children's exposure to cell phones lead to consequences for their physical and

intellectual development. Knowing this information will help me with my paper to enable

me to see if there is another disadvantage that affects the children's health due to the use

of the cell phone.

Gladkaya, Margarita, et al. “We need to talk! Antecedents and Consequences of Children’s

Smartphone Use- A Literature Review.” ResearchGate, August 2018, pp. 1-8

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326129013_We_Need_to_Talk_Antecedents_an

d_Consequences_of_Children%27s_Smartphone_Use_-_A_Literature_Review

Gladkaya and his colleagues introduce their topic by talking about the number of people

who now own a cell phone, as well as how the advancement of technology has allowed a

greater number of the public to have access to a cellular device. The authors emphasize

that children have become part of the numbers as they are exposed to these devices in this

generation. Throughout this article the authors will describe the consequences of children

using phones, both the good and the bad aspects about them having access to them. They

explain the changes in their behavior and how much they are affected by the addiction

that some of them develop because of mobile devices. Some of the mistakes that parents

make when they don't know how to handle their children in the best way are because of

their behavioral changes due to them owning a phone. Especially sleep quality, quantity

and cognitive abilities are negatively affected in children. The purpose of the article is to
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ensure responsible interaction of children with cell phones. This article will benefit me to

contribute evidence to my paper on why cell phones distance parents from their children,

due to the lack of communication.

Gupta, Nilanjana, and Kymberlee Fernandes. "Are cell phones stealing away your kids?" TCA

Regional News, Apr 30, 2015. ProQuest,

https://go.openathens.net/redirector/tamiu.edu?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/

are-cell-phones-stealing-away-your-kids/docview/1676536434/se-2.

The authors state that “children continue to get carried away into their virtual world”

(Gupta 1). According to an interview conducted by the authors of this article it was stated

that more than 70 percent of children hardly spend time or talk to their parents due to the

addiction they tend to have to their cell phone use, the other 22 percent left, instead

blames parents for being the ones who do not create bridges to connect with their

children. The authors used several methods to gather the information needed for this

article. For example, they used a study done by UCLA in which they took away the use

of cell phones from children for 5 days to see the change in the way they show emotions

and behaviors. I believe that this article will help my paper to have a better point of view

by having information about the two fundamental parts of a family in which

communication was diminished by the use of the cell phones.

Hasebrink U, et al. “Comparing Children’s Online Activities and Risks across Europe: A

Preliminary Report Comparing Findings for Poland, Portugal and UK”. 2007 EU Kids

Online Deliverable D3.1. London School of Economics and Political Science: London.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/30522916_Comparing_Children's_Online_Acti
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vities_and_Risks_across_Europe_A_Preliminary_Report_Comparing_Findings_for_Pola

nd_Portugal_and_UK

In this article, the authors rely on finding the differences that exist about the use of

mobile phones in children and young people in three different countries in Europe. The

authors’ main objective is to advise European policy makers to see how they can

“maximize the benefits” and “minimize the risk” of the use of not only technology, but

also cell phones among people (Hasebrink 3). The article stands out when talking about

the content that individuals may find more attractive when using their cell phones,

usually children use the internet more often. The article says, "... half of all children

under 18 in the EU have used the internet.... However, there are substantial differences

across countries" (Hasebrink 3). The way they were able to find results was by recording

data from three countries (Poland, Portugal, and the UK) on the age and main ways in

which children use cell phones. I liked this particular article because it is very detailed in

describing each of the ways in which phones can be a benefit as well as a danger to

children. In addition, there are several graphs that will help me be more aware of the

statistics when writing my paper.

B. Khan, U. I. Janjua and T. M. Madni, "The Identification of Influential Factors to Evaluate the

Kids Smartphone Addiction: A Literature Review," 2021 4th International Conference on

Computing & Information Sciences (ICCIS), Karachi, Pakistan, 2021, pp. 1-6, doi:

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9676392?casa_token=RRXVKeuNCRcAA

AAA:lbjWwhsjmLnS8axk0ilrHNJQ3l6hahBwvqZ6Z76MJ0bZ1SlKepq1TIn7KLGjmlu2

sWJaRbwFXudhfgQ
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Khan, et al. article talks about children's addiction to cell phones, as well as the main

reasons why this fact occurs. First of all, cell phones are designed to attract our attention

by giving us ads or videos related to what we like, this way making it easier for children

who are vulnerable to be attracted to these persuasive methods and become addicted to

smartphones. Authors looked for a pattern that leads to the reason why children become

addicted to these devices. When they found their results, they began to develop graphical

charts that would demonstrate their findings about the main ways in which children are

addicted to cell phones together with negative consequences like anxiety, aggression, and

introversion. This article will help me with my paper to understand the main reasons why

kids can be addicted to cell phones and the consequences that cell phone addiction can

have on the kids who own one.

Kopecký, Kamil, et al. "Behaviour of children and adolescents and the use of mobile phones in

primary schools in the Czech republic." International Journal of Environmental Research

and Public Health 18.16 (2021): 8352. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/16/8352

The authors state that today's children spend most of their time using cell phones. The

authors point out some of the risks to which children with cell phones are exposed: "Their

excessive use carries many risks, such as addiction, cyberbullying and social disruption"

(Kopecky 1). The way in which they collected results was by analyzing the behavior

according to the main pages that children open while using their cell phones with the

policies of their school, the analyzed were a group of younger individuals between 7 and

17 years old. As a result, they obtained that the most popular are Youtube and video

games. The children prefer to be distracted by these apps instead of participating in other

activities at school. This article will help me with my paper as I will be able to further
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analyze how cell phone use is affected in an academic environment and how it affects the

behavior of young people.

Liang, Chuan, Song Yang, and Bin Wang. "The Influence of Social Function of Mobile Game

Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Environment on Mobile Phone Users’

Addiction." Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing (Online), vol. 2022, 2022.

ProQuest,

https://go.openathens.net/redirector/tamiu.edu?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-j

ournals/influence-social-function-mobile-game-augmented/docview/2640852343/se-2,

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2903124.

The authors state that the rise of virtual reality games and augmented reality is an

addictive environment for cell phone users. The games are constantly improving, making

children decide to be closer to the new technologies. "This study focused on the social

function of mobile game augmented reality and virtual reality environments on mobile

phone users' addiction" (Chuan 1). To gather results, a source of algorithms showing the

main pages with which students interact was studied and analyzed. "Students' usage of

VR games may have a negative impact on their relationships with their families, teachers,

and peers..." (Chuan 1). The authors concluded that the addition and excessive use of cell

phones creates a change in children's attitudes. This article will be helpful for my

research as it contains a broad analysis of how virtual reality games can be too attractive

to children, and the consequences of excessive use on their behavior.

Schaaf, Jennifer, et al. “Gating Out Misinformation: Can Young Children Follow Instructions to

Ignore False Information?” Behavioral Sciences & the Law, vol 33, issue 4, August 2015,

pp 390-406. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2195
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In the article, Schaaf, et al. displayed the effects of misinformation on children’s memory

and why it can be harmful to children to be exposed to misinformation at a short age. The

authors did an investigation in a group of 60 children, 30 were four years old and the

other half were 6 years old. They got this information from their investigation “Results

indicated that children were misled by the incorrect information…” (Schaaf 390). The

issue discussed in this article about how children are exposed to find pages that have

misinformation or that can be misinterpreted is dangerous for them because due to their

young age they have not been educated about the dangers and risks that the internet can

have. For me this article has been revealing because it made me think about how children

are so adapted to the use of cell phones, but in reality adults are not always aware of

them. This article will help me add information to my paper about the importance of

teaching children that everything on the internet is not necessarily true and that they

should be careful when using their cell phones.