DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

NAME : E.RAJASHREE, HIRUTHIV.S, R.SRUTHIKA

REG.NO : RA2211003020557, RA2211003020558, RA2211003020562

DEGREE: I B.TECH COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

PROJECT TITLE: LASER SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM

Reg. No RA2211003020557
RA2211003020558
RA2211003020562
Mark split up

Novelty in the project

Design of the project (4 marks)

Working concept of the project

Contribution to the project (2 Marks)

Total (10 Marks)

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD

ABSTRACT:
This project deals with a model of laser security alarm system design. Laser security systems
are difficult to be installed and rarely available to anyone other than the super-rich. Now,
there are dozens of different security systems on the market that utilize lasers and can
effectively protect everything. Most home laser security systems consist of two parts: a basic
alarm unit and an infrared motion detector. Laser based security system is a type of security
and alarm system that uses laser light and a light sensor. Why a laser to be used? It is known
that a laser light goes through long distance without any scattering effect (disturbing) and it is
only visible at source and the destination point so it can be used as mediator between source
and destination but to analyse the source a sensor is need, here the use of LDR is applicable.
General alerting is sound effect so here buzzer act as alerting. Making use of this, a laser
security system is designed. There is a laser diode that generates the laser beam which
continuously strikes over the Light dependent resister sensors. When any person crosses the
path, it inhibits laser to reach LDR and the sensor generate a low which is read by controller
to power on the buzzer.
INTRODUCTION
Need of security is the basic necessity of any individual. The feeling that we are safe and
everything around us is all right is imperative for a peaceful living. But in this unsafe world,
when crime, terror and threats are on their peak, how can one attain that sense of security?
Here, laser security system provides us with a solution and for this reason more and more
people are installing them in order to stay safe and secure. Various electronic security
systems can be used at home and other important working places for security and safety
purposes.

Laser Security alarm is a device used for security purposes. It has a wide application in
fields of security and defence starting from the security of simple house hold material to a
very high valued material of an organization. They once used to be expensive solutions for
security needs. Owing to cost cutting and fast technological advancements, this form of
security system is becoming more affordable.

Lasers differ from other light sources in a few significant ways. There are two features that
are important for security systems. Unlike a light bulb or flashlight, laser light doesn't spread
out, it is a narrow beam. And laser light is essentially a single colour. Because laser light
doesn't spread much, it can be sent it a long way and still have enough energy in a small area
to trigger the security system detector. Because it's a single wavelength, it can put a blocking
filter on the detector to let laser light through without letting background light onto the
detector.

Laser light travels in a straight line. For instance, to protect the front of the yard, putting
the laser at one comer and the detector at the other corner would do the job. That's not a
very practical configuration, though. More typically, if it is needed to protect the
perimeter of a room, or at least the enhances. So laser security systems start with a laser
pointing to a small
mirror. The first mirror is angled to direct the beam to a second small mirror, and so on until
the final mirror directs the beam to the detector. If the beam is interrupted anywhere between
the laser and the detector, the electronics will put the warning signal.

PRINCIPLE
There are three essential components to a laser security system: a laser, a detector and
sensing circuit. The laser is a concentrated light source that puts out a straight line, 'pencil
beam, of light of a single colour. The detector is sensitive to light and puts out a voltage
when the laser light hits it. The detector is connected to the sensing circuit. When the laser
beam is interrupted and cannot reach the detector, its voltage output changes, and the circuit
sense the change and puts out a warning signal.

MATERIALS REQUIRED

• Electric buzzer

• LDR(Light Dependent Resistance)

• Breadboard

• 100k ohm Resistor

• 9V Battery

• Laser

• Connecting Wires

• Transistor

• LEDs
OBJECTIVE
The core objective of this project is to design a laser security system with laser and light
dependent resistor, which will protect the individuals from crime, terror and threats in unsafe
world in order to stay safe and secure.

PROCEDURE

1. Take the breadboard and mark its two extreme sides , any one as positive and other as
negative.

2. Use the circuit diagram and make the connections as follows.

3. Punch in the transistor on the breadboard.

4. Connect the emitter of the transistor with negative side of breadboard using a wire.

5. Connect the LDR with base of transistor and negative side of breadboard.

6.Connect the buzzer with collector of transistor and positive side of breadboard.

7. Now connect the 10k ohm resistor with base of transistor and positive side of bread
board.

8. Now connect the battery and at this time the buzzer would be ringing.

9. Now drop the laser light upon the receptive surface of the LDR and the buzzer stops
ringing.
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

WORKING

• This circuit is based on LDR(Light Depended Resistor),variable resistor in which the

• LDR and resistor R1 forms a potential driver network.

• The voltage drop across the LDR is used to drive the transistor switch. When the voltage
drop is above cut in the voltage,the transistor turns ON.

• LDR has low resistance in the presence of light and high resistance in the absence of
light.

• In this situation the resistance offered by LDR is too low .Since the LASER light is
continuously allowed to fall on the LDR surface.
• Thus the voltage drop across the LDR is also low [V=IR(Ohm’s Law)] which is
insufficient to turn ON the transistor, so the transistor remains off state.

• When a person makes a blocks to the continuously flow of LASER beam then the
resistance increase, the voltage drop also increases. When this voltage drop exceeds cut in
voltage of silicon NPN transistor(2N7000) will turn ON.

• Then current in the circuit starts flowing to ground via the buzzer and transistor,
which makes the beep sound.

• The beep sound from the security alarm gives the indication of some security
failures.

PRECAUTIONS

• We have used a laser pointer in this project. Direct exposure of laser light on eyes can be
very dangerous. Even though it is a low power laser, avoid direct eye exposure of laser &
Make sure the connections are correct.

• The LDR has to be placed in dark place or inside a case so that the other source of light
except the laser beam doesn’t affect the LDR. This helps the circuit to work faster and
properly.

APPLICATIONS

• Laser Security System can be used in safety lockers in our homes, where
even if the locker’s code is hacked, it acts as an additional layer of security.
• Apart from security systems, this laser based setup can also be used to check if pets
or babies crossed a certain boundary.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES:

• These are easy to install and work at both within as well as outside houses. These are
very effective perimeter alarm systems around properties. They consume less power when
compared to the laser system as the whole, which is expensive.

• These laser systems can be installed in homes either by self or by hiring a technical person.
By technological innovations cost of the security systems has been cut to a large extent. So,
making laser systems one among affordable security system options can be very safe.

• Lasers are strong in beam width and can be focused on the perfect target. By using laser
security system one can be safe in the case of harmful effects to the body. As the beam width
used in the laser security systems are not strong beam widths.

• The circuit, construction and setup for the Laser Security System are very simple. If
used with a battery, the laser security system can work even when there is a power
outage.

DISADVANTAGES:

• The laser security system works only if the laser is obstructed. If the intruder passes
without obstructing the laser, it is considered as a failure.
• In order to secure a larger area, we need more lasers and corresponding sensors.
CONCLUSION:

Laser security system provides us the security against any crime, theft in our day to day life
and so people are installing them in order to stay safe and secure. Various electronic
security systems can be used at home and other important working places for security and
safety purposes. It is a great opportunity and source of saving man power contributing no
wastage of electricity. The "Laser Security System" is an important helping system. Using
this system robbery, thefts & crime can be avoided to large extend. Avoiding thieves results
in the safety of our financial assets and thereby this system provides us protection against
all.

The Laser & LDR system is highly sensitive with a great range of working. The system
senses the light emitted by the Laser falling over the LDR connected with the circuit.
Whenever the beam of light is interrupted by any means, it triggers the alarm or siren. This
highly reactive approach has low computational requirement, therefore it is well suited to
surveillance and smart environments.

THANK YOU
!

PRESENTED BY,

E.RAJASHREE - RA2211003020557

HIRUTHIV.S - RA2211003020558

R.SRUTHIKA - RA2211003020562