Visvesvaraya Technological University
Belagavi, Karnataka-590018
A SEMINAR REPORT ON
Full-stack web development
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
By
Bibi Fatima
Gubbi
2JH20CS013
Under the guidance of
Prof. Sindhu N P
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Jain College of Engineering and
Technology
Hubballi-
580031(INDIA)
2023-24
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Jain College of Engineering and Technology
Hubballi-580031(INDIA)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Bibi Fatima Gubbi bearing USN 2JH20CS013 of VIII
semester of B.E. in Computer Science & Engineering has presented and
successfully completed the seminar titled “Full-stack web development” for the
partial fulfilment of the award of B.E. Degree under Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi for the academic year 2023-24.
Guide Seminar Co-ordinator H.O.D, CSE
Prof. Sindhu N P Prof. Venkatesh Ekbote Dr. Maheshkumar Patil
Acknowledgement
I would like to convey thanks to my seminar guide Prof. Sindhu N P for providing
encouragement, constant support and guidance which was of a great help to
complete this seminar successfully.
I am grateful to Dr. Maheshkumar patil, Head of the Department, Computer Science
and Engineering for giving me the support and encouragement that was necessary
for the completion of this seminar.
I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. Prashanth Banakar, Principal Jain
College of Engineering and Technology for providing us congenial environment
to work.
Date: Signature
Abstract
This report provides a comprehensive overview of full-stack web development, covering the
spectrum from front-end to back-end technologies. It explores the role of full-stack developers in
creating dynamic and interactive web applications, encompassing aspects such as user interface
design, server-side logic, and database management. Key topics include front-end languages and
frameworks (HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React, Angular), back-end technologies (Node.js, Django,
Flask), and database systems (MySQL, MongoDB). Additionally, the report examines essential
tools for version control, project management, and deployment. Real-world examples and case
studies illustrate the practical application of full-stack development principles. Finally, the report
discusses emerging trends and career opportunities, equipping readers with the knowledge and skills
needed to excel in this rapidly evolving field.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction 6
2. System Architecture 10
3. Technology Used 12
4. Implementation & Results 16
5. Applications 19
5. Future Scope 20
Conclusion 21
References 22
Full-stack Web Development
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Full-stack web development
Full stack development refers to the end-to-end application software development, including the front
end and back end. The front end consists of the user interface, and the back end takes care of the business
logic and application workflows. The main components of a full stack deve1lopment are the front-end,
back-end and database. Full stack development is the process of designing, creating, testing, and
deploying a complete web application from start to finish. It involves working with various technologies
and tools, including front-end web development, back-end web development, and database development.
Consider a retail website. Users can browse or purchase specific items, delete or add items in cart, change
their profile, and do many other things. All these actions require a front-end user interface (UI), as well
as some business logic, written in the back-end.
1.2 Full-stack Developers:
A full-stack developer is a software engineer with a wide range of expertise in different areas of software
development, including both the front-end (client-side) and back-end (server-side) aspects of an
application. This means they have a deep understanding of Multiple Top Programming Languages,
databases, and software architecture and can work on both the client and server sides of a web application.
To get to this breadth and depth of knowledge, most full-stack developers will have spent many years
working in a variety of different roles. They also tend to be well-versed in both business logic and user
experience, meaning they are not only well-equipped to get hands on, but can also guide and consult on
strategy too.
Full Stack developers ensure to keep the end-to-end web application running without any hiccups. Full
stack developers can fit into multiple roles in the application development process, thereby greatly
reducing the costs and time required to solve problems. Full Stack developers can actively debug
applications alongside development and also extend help in testing and actively developing contingency
protocols for the application.
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1.3 Front-End Development:
The website UI can be built using various, front-end technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript. It is the
visible part of website or web application which is responsible for user experience. The user directly
interacts with the front end portion of the web application or website. Everything that you actually see
on a website—the layout, the positioning of text and images, colors, fonts, buttons, and so on—are all
factors that the frontend developer must consider.
The primary objective of a front-end developer is to provide a platform for users to interact with, which
receives and transmits information. It implies that certain developers will be familiar with web design
and may utilize programs like Photoshop and Illustrator to generate images and themed layouts.
The main goal of a frontend developer is to provide the platform for visitors to interact with, a platform
which provides and receives information. This means some frontend developer skills include being well-
versed in web and UX design and using tools such as Photoshop and Figma to create graphics and themed
layouts.
1.4 Back-End Development:
The back end is written in programming languages like Java or Python. Further, a good web application
would need scalability, event handling, and routing, which are usually handled by libraries and
frameworks like SpringBoot or Django.
The back end also consists of logic that can connect the application to other services and databases. For
example, all the user and transaction data is stored in a database through specific drivers handled on the
back end.
Back-end developers must be able to write code to receive input from the user and store it in a database.
SQL is the language used for database administration, which allows the developer to interact with the
database. There are two kinds of databases: relational (like PostgreSQL and MySQL) and non-relational
management systems (like Mongo).
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1.5 Database Management:
Databases play a crucial role in web development by storing and managing application data. It has ability
to design and interact with databases efficiency skill in writing queries and ensuring proper data storage
and retrieval. This section provides an overview of database management systems, including SQL and
NoSQL databases, and discusses popular databases such as MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
There are two main types of databases: relational (like PostgreSQL and MySQL) and non-relational
management systems (like Mongo). The language used for database management is SQL, which helps
the developer interact with the database.
Server Management:
server management, which are applications that host the database and serve up the website. An alternative
to knowing how to manage servers is to use cloud-based platforms that provide the infrastructure, like
Heroku or Amazon Web Services.
Server management is component of back-end development, which entails using applications that host
the database and deliver the website. Using cloud-based platforms that offer infrastructures, such as
Heroku or Amazon Web Services, is an alternative to understanding how to operate servers.
Understanding server management allows a developer to troubleshoot slow applications and even
determine how scalable their websites are to include more users.
Frameworks:
Instead of writing complex proprietary code for every website, frameworks have emerged as popular
tools for streamlining and simplifying various procedures. For front-end developers using JavaScript,
libraries like jQuery are quite popular since they allow you to implement numerous features that other
developers have already developed and tested. JavaScript platforms like AngularJS and Embed JS
provide conventions that can be readily integrated into any website to solve many of the problems faced
by front-end developers. There are several back-end technologies to pick from, including Ruby on Rails
(for the programming language of Ruby), Django and Flask for Python, and node.js for PHP.
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The basic goal of frameworks is to simplify a developer's job by establishing norms that may be applied
to many of the different stages involved in producing a website - including how information is presented
and stored in the database.
As you can see, full stack development is a popular solution for web development. It has many benefits
that make it an attractive option for many professionals. In addition, the use of JavaScript as the primary
programming language makes it more convenient for JavaScript professionals.
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Chapter 2
System Architecture
The system architecture for full-stack web development typically consists of three main layers: the
presentation layer (front-end), the application layer (back-end), and the data layer (database).
Presentation Layer (Front-end):
This layer is responsible for the user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) of the web application. It
includes technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for creating and styling web pages. Front-end
frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js are often used to streamline development and enhance
interactivity.
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Application Layer (Back-end):
The back-end layer handles server-side logic and processing of requests from the front-end. Technologies
such as Node.js, Python (with frameworks like Django or Flask), Ruby on Rails, or Java (with
frameworks like Spring Boot) are commonly used. This layer interacts with the data layer to retrieve and
manipulate data before sending it back to the front-end
Data Layer (Database):
The data layer stores and manages the application's data. It can include relational databases like MySQL,
PostgreSQL, or SQL Server, as well as NoSQL databases like MongoDB, Cassandra, or Firebase
Firestore The back-end communicates with the database to perform CRUD (Create, Read, Update,
Delete) operations and retrieve/store data as needed.
Each layer communicates with the adjacent layers using HTTP requests and responses, APIs, or other
communication protocols.
Overall, the system architecture for full-stack web development is designed to efficiently handle user
requests, process data, and deliver a seamless user experience across the entire application.
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Chapter 3
Technology Used
3.1 Front-end Technologies:
The front end portion is built by using some languages which are discussed below:
HTML:
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is used to design the front end portion of web pages
using markup language. HTML is the combination of Hypertext and Markup language. Hypertext defines
the link between the web pages. The markup language is used to define the text documentation within
tag which defines the structure of web pages.
CSS:
Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simply designed language intended to simplify
the process of making web pages presentable. CSS allows you to apply styles to web pages. More
importantly, CSS enables you to do this independent of the HTML that makes up each web page
.
JavaScript:
JavaScript is a famous scripting language used to create the magic on the sites to make the site interactive
for the user. It is used to enhancing the functionality of a website to running cool games and web-based
software.
3.2 Front End Libraries and Frameworks:
AngularJS:
AngularJS is a JavaScript open source front-end framework that is mainly used to develop single page
web applications(SPAs). It is a continuously growing and expanding framework which provides better
ways for developing web applications. It changes the static HTML to dynamic HTML. It is an open
source project which can be freely used and changed by anyone. It extends HTML attributes with
Directives, and data is bound with HTML.
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React.js:
React is a declarative, efficient, and flexible JavaScript library for building user interfaces. ReactJS is an
open-source, component-based front end library responsible only for the view layer of the application. It
is maintained by Facebook.
Bootstrap:
Bootstrap is a free and open-source tool collection for creating responsive websites and web applications.
It is the most popular HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework for developing responsive, mobile-first
web sites.
jQuery:
jQuery is an open source JavaScript library that simplifies the interactions between an HTML/CSS
document, or more precisely the Document Object Model (DOM), and JavaScript. Elaborating the terms,
jQuery simplifies HTML document traversing and manipulation, browser event handling, DOM
animations, Ajax interactions, and cross-browser JavaScript development.
SASS:
It is the most reliable, mature and robust CSS extension language. It is used to extend the functionality
of an existing CSS of a site including everything from variables, inheritance, and nesting with ease.
Some other libraries and frameworks are: Semantic-UI, Foundation, Materialize, Backbone.js,
Express.js, Ember.js etc.
3.3 Back-end Technologies:
The back end portion is built by using some libraries, frameworks, and languages which are discussed
below:
PHP:
PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development. Since, PHP code
executed on server side so it is called server side scripting language.
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C++:
It is a general purpose programming language and widely used now a days for competitive programming.
It is also used as backend language.
Java:
Java is one of the most popular and widely used programming language and platform. It is highly
scalable. Java components are easily available.
Python:
Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate systems more efficiently.
Node.js:
Node.js is an open source and cross-platform runtime environment for executing JavaScript code outside
of a browser. You need to remember that NodeJS is not a framework and it’s not a programming
language. Most of the people are confused and understand it’s a framework or a programming language.
We often use Node.js for building back-end services like APIs like Web App or Mobile App. It’s used
in production by large companies such as Paypal, Uber, Netflix, Walmart and so on.
Back End Frameworks: The list of back end frameworks are: Express, Django, Rails, Laravel, Spring
etc.
The other back end program/scripting languages are: C#, Ruby, REST, GO etc.
3.4 Database:
Database is the collection of inter-related data which helps in efficient retrieval, insertion and deletion of
data from database and organizes the data in the form of tables, views, schemas, reports etc.
Oracle:
Oracle database is the collection of data which is treated as a unit. The purpose of this database is to store
and retrieve information related to the query. It is a database server and used to manages information.
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MongoDB:
MongoDB, the most popular NoSQL database, is an open source document-oriented database. The term
‘NoSQL’ means ‘non-relational’. It means that MongoDB isn’t based on the table-like relational database
structure but provides an altogether different mechanism for storage and retrieval of data.
SQL:
Structured Query Language is a standard Database language which is used to create, maintain and retrieve
the relational database.
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Chapter 4
Implementation and Results
Implementation is the stage where the theoretical design is turned into a working system. The most
crucial stage in achieving a new successful system and in giving confidence on the newsystem for the
users that it will work efficiently and effectively.
The system can be implemented only after thorough testing is done and if it is found to work according
to the specification. It involves careful planning, investigation of the current system and it constraints
on implementation, design of methods to achieve the change over and an evaluation of change over
methods a part from planning.
Two major tasks of preparing the implementation are education and training of the users and testing
of the system. The more complex the system being implemented, the more involved will be the system
analysis and design effort required just for implementation.
The implementation phase comprises of several activities. The required hardware and software
acquisition is carried out. The system may require some software to be developed.For this, programs
are written and tested. The user then changes over to his new fully tested system and the old system
is discontinued.
Technology Stack Selection: Choose appropriate front-end and back-end technologies based on project
requirements and team
expertise.
Planning and Design: Define project goals, wireframe UI/UX designs, and establish database schemas.
Front-end Development: Build user interfaces using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, along with
frameworks like React, Angular, or Vue.js for dynamic content.
Back-end Development: Develop server-side logic and APIs using frameworks such as Node.js,
Express, Ruby on Rails, or Django. Integrate with databases like MySQL, MongoDB, or PostgreSQL for
data storage.
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Integration: Connect front-end and back-end components to create a cohesive web application. Ensure
smooth data flow and communication between client and server.
Testing: Conduct comprehensive testing, including unit tests for individual components, integration tests
for system functionality, and user acceptance tests to validate user scenarios.
Deployment: Deploy the web application to a hosting platform such as AWS, Heroku, or Firebase.
Configure server environments and domain settings for production use.
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Results:
Functionality: The web application successfully meets its functional requirements, allowing users to
perform intended tasks seamlessly.
User Experience: Users find the application intuitive and easy to navigate, leading to positive feedback
and increased engagement.
Performance: Performance metrics such as page load times, response times, and server uptime meet or
exceed expectations, ensuring a smooth user experience.
Scalability: The application demonstrates scalability by handling increasing user traffic and data volume
without significant performance degradation.
Security: Security measures such as data encryption, user authentication, and input validation are
implemented effectively, protecting against common vulnerabilities.
Feedback and Iteration: User feedback is collected and used to identify areas for improvement. Iterative
development cycles are employed to address issues and add new features based on user needs.
Overall, the implementation of full-stack web development results in a robust, feature-rich web
application that delivers value to its users and stakeholders. Ongoing maintenance and updates ensure
the continued success and relevance of the application in the ever-evolving digital landscape.
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Chapter 5
Applications
Full Stack developers should know front-end and back-end programming, hardware, and their working,
Operating systems, networks, databases, and security of the system. Full Stack development is used in
many applications as the developer does not require any dependency on others.
• The developer should know the databases and work on them. The creation and querying of
databases are important for the developer, which helps him to manage the databases when any
problem occurs.
• Since the developer is working in the back end, if any breakdown happens, he should be able to
tackle the problem with the hardware and Operating System efficiently.
• Managing the projects and client communication should be done well by a full-stack developer
as it is important in the development of the project.
• Full-stack developers should manage application programming as APIs should be created and
managed using back-end programming languages such as Python, Angular, etc.
• One should be an expert in front-end programming such as HTML, Java, and JavaScript.
• Security of the system and applications are important as they can be attacked anytime by
ransomware. Developers should know the basics of security in the system.
• The system should be well connected with other systems in the network to work efficiently. Full
Stack Developer should have ideas of networking as w
• Building online stores and platforms for buying and selling goods and services.
• Creating social networking sites and applications where users can connect and share content.
• Developing online learning platforms and educational resources.
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Chapter 6
Future Scope
According to a report from LinkedIn, the demand for full-stack developers has been increasing at 35%
each year since 2015. Another report from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics states that the number of
jobs available for these professionals will increase from 135,000 to over 853,000 by 2024. Moreover,
some companies are now offering pay after placement Web Development programs, providing even more
opportunities for aspiring MERN stack developers to kickstart their careers while minimizing financial
risks. So, in addition to the many job options available, this specific career option is also amongst the
best-paid ones. That is why the future of MERN stack developers is quite secure.
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Conclusion
Full stack developers have excellent career growth prospects. They can diversify their skills and explore
various roles within the tech industry. For instance, they can become technical leads, project managers,
or even start their own ventures.
In conclusion, the future of full stack development looks promising. With challenges come opportunities,
and full stack developers are well-equipped to navigate the changing technological landscape. By
embracing online training, developers can stay ahead of the curve and continuously expand their skill
sets. As the demand for web and mobile applications continues to rise, full stack developers will remain
in high demand, forging a prosperous and fulfilling career path. So, let's embrace the future of full stack
development and embark on this exciting journey together.
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Reference
https://in.search.yahoo.com/search?fr=mcafee&type=E210IN714G0&p=w3schools
www.geeksforgeeks.com
https://in.search.yahoo.com/search?fr=mcafee&type=E210IN714G0&p=github
www.youtube.com
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