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Lecture 01

This document discusses an introduction to compiler construction. It explains why someone would take a compiler construction course, covering understanding compilers and languages, a balance of theory and practice, and programming experience. It also defines what compilers are, provides examples, and discusses typical compilation from high-level source code to low-level machine code.

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Hammad Rajput
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40 views16 pages

Lecture 01

This document discusses an introduction to compiler construction. It explains why someone would take a compiler construction course, covering understanding compilers and languages, a balance of theory and practice, and programming experience. It also defines what compilers are, provides examples, and discusses typical compilation from high-level source code to low-level machine code.

Uploaded by

Hammad Rajput
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Compiler

Construction
Lecture 1
Why Take this Course
Reason #1: understand compilers and
languages
• understand the code structure
• understand language semantics
• understand relation between source
code and generated machine code
• become a better programmer

2
Why Take this Course
Reason #2: nice balance of theory and practice
• Theory
• mathematical models: regular expressions, automata,
grammars, graphs
• algorithms that use these models

3
Why Take this Course
Reason #2: nice balance of theory and practice
• Practice
• Apply theoretical notions to build a real compiler

4
Why Take this Course
Reason #3: programming experience
• write a large program which manipulates complex
data structures
• learn more about C++ and Intel x86

5
What are Compilers
• Translate information from one representation to
another
• Usually information = program

6
Examples
• Typical Compilers:
• VC, VC++, GCC, JavaC
• FORTRAN, Pascal, VB(?)
• Translators
• Word to PDF
• PDF to Postscript

7
In This Course

We will study typical compilation:


• from programs written in high-level languages to
low-level object code and machine code

8
Typical Compilation

High-level source code

Compiler

Low-level machine code


9
Source Code
int expr( int n )
{
int d;
d = 4*n*n*(n+1)*(n+1);
return d;
}

10
Source Code
• Optimized for human readability
• Matches human notions of grammar
• Uses named constructs such as variables and
procedures

11
Assembly Code
.globl _expr
_expr:
imull %eax,%edx
pushl %ebp
movl 8(%ebp),%eax
movl %esp,%ebp
incl %eax
subl $24,%esp
imull %eax,%edx
movl 8(%ebp),%eax
movl %edx,-4(%ebp)
movl %eax,%edx
movl -4(%ebp),%edx
leal 0(,%edx,4),%eax
movl %edx,%eax
movl %eax,%edx
jmp L2
imull 8(%ebp),%edx
.align 4
movl 8(%ebp),%eax
L2:
incl %eax
leave
12
ret
Assembly Code
Optimized for hardware
• Consists of machine instructions
• Uses registers and unnamed memory locations
• Much harder to understand by humans

13
How to Translate
Correctness:
the generated machine code must execute precisely
the same computation as the source code

14
How to Translate
• Is there a unique translation? No!
• Is there an algorithm for an “ideal translation”? No!

15
How to Translate
•Translation is a complex process
•source language and generated
code are very different
•Need to structure the translation

16

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