Figure S1: Study flowchart

Table S1: STROBE Statement—checklist of items that should be included in reports of

observational studies [37]

Item Recommendation Page Relevant text

No. No. from
manuscript
Title and abstract 1 (a) Indicate the study’s design with a 1 Abstract
commonly used term in the title or
the abstract
(b) Provide in the abstract an 1 Abstract
informative and balanced summary
of what was done and what was
found
Introduction
Background/rationale 2 Explain the scientific background 1-2 Introduction
and rationale for the investigation (paragraphs 1-3)
being reported
Objectives 3 State specific objectives, including 2 Introduction
any prespecified hypotheses (paragraph 4)
Methods
Study design 4 Present key elements of study 2 Material and
design early in the paper Methods
Setting 5 Describe the setting, locations, and 2 Material and
relevant dates, including periods of Methods
recruitment, exposure, follow-up, (paragraphs 1-2)
and data collection
Participants 6 (a) Cohort study—Give the eligibility 2 Material and
criteria, and the sources and Methods
methods of selection of participants. (paragraphs 1-2)
Describe methods of follow-up
Case-control study—Give the
eligibility criteria, and the sources
and methods of case ascertainment
and control selection. Give the
rationale for the choice of cases and
controls
Cross-sectional study—Give the
eligibility criteria, and the sources
and methods of selection of
participants
(b) Cohort study—For matched
studies, give matching criteria and
number of exposed and unexposed
Case-control study—For matched
studies, give matching criteria and
the number of controls per case
Variables 7 Clearly define all outcomes, 2 Material and
exposures, predictors, potential Methods
confounders, and effect modifiers.
Give diagnostic criteria, if applicable
Data sources/ 8* For each variable of interest, give 2 Material and
measurement sources of data and details of Methods
methods of assessment (paragraphs 2-4)
(measurement). Describe
comparability of assessment
methods if there is more than one
group
Bias 9 Describe any efforts to address 3 Material and
potential sources of bias Methods: section
2.1. Statistical
Analysis
Study size 10 Explain how the study size was Supplementary
arrived at material: Figure S1

Quantitative 11 Explain how quantitative variables were 3 Material and

variables handled in the analyses. If applicable, Methods: section
describe which groupings were chosen and 2.1. Statistical
why Analysis (lines 97-98)
Statistical 12 (a) Describe all statistical methods, 3 Material and
methods including those used to control for Methods: section
confounding 2.1. Statistical
Analysis (lines 101-
104)
(b) Describe any methods used to examine 3 Material and
subgroups and interactions Methods: section
2.1. Statistical
Analysis
(c) Explain how missing data were Supplementary
addressed material: Figure S1
(d) Cohort study—If applicable, explain how
loss to follow-up was addressed
Case-control study—If applicable, explain
how matching of cases and controls was
addressed
Cross-sectional study—If applicable, describe
analytical methods taking account of
sampling strategy
(e) Describe any sensitivity analyses Not applicable
Results
Participants 13* (a) Report numbers of individuals at each Supplementary
stage of study—eg numbers potentially material: Figure S1
eligible, examined for eligibility, confirmed
eligible, included in the study, completing
follow-up, and analysed
(b) Give reasons for non-participation at
each stage
(c) Consider use of a flow diagram
Descriptive 14* (a) Give characteristics of study participants 3 Results (Table 1)
data (eg demographic, clinical, social) and

information on exposures and potential

confounders
(b) Indicate number of participants with 4 Results (Table 3)
missing data for each variable of interest
(c) Cohort study—Summarise follow-up time 6 Results (lines 173-174)
 (eg, average and total amount)
Outcome 15* Cohort study—Report numbers of outcome 5 Results (Table 4)
data events or summary measures over time
Case-control study—Report numbers in each
exposure category, or summary measures of
exposure
Cross-sectional study—Report numbers of
outcome events or summary measures
Main results 16 (a) Give unadjusted estimates and, if 4 Results (Table 2)
applicable, confounder-adjusted estimates
and their precision (eg, 95% confidence
interval). Make clear which confounders
were adjusted for and why they were
included
(b) Report category boundaries when Not applicable
continuous variables were categorized
(c) If relevant, consider translating estimates Not applicable
of relative risk into absolute risk for a
meaningful time period

Other analyses 17 Report other analyses done—eg analyses of Not applicable

subgroups and interactions, and sensitivity
analyses
Discussion
Key results 18 Summarise key results with reference to 6-8 Discussion
study objectives
Limitations 19 Discuss limitations of the study, taking into 7-8 Discussion (last
account sources of potential bias or paragraph)
imprecision. Discuss both direction and
magnitude of any potential bias
Interpretation 20 Give a cautious overall interpretation of 6-8 Discussion
results considering objectives, limitations,
multiplicity of analyses, results from similar
studies, and other relevant evidence
Generalisability 21 Discuss the generalisability (external validity) 6-8 Discussion
of the study results (paragraphs 1,6,7)

Other information
Funding 22 Give the source of funding and the role of the 8 Funding
funders for the present study and, if
applicable, for the original study on which the
present article is based
*Give information separately for cases and controls in case-control studies and, if applicable, for
exposed and unexposed groups in cohort and cross-sectional studies.
Note: An Explanation and Elaboration article discusses each checklist item and gives
methodological background and published examples of transparent reporting. The STROBE
checklist is best used in conjunction with this article (freely available on the Web sites of PLoS
Medicine at http://www.plosmedicine.org/, Annals of Internal Medicine at
http://www.annals.org/, and Epidemiology at http://www.epidem.com/). Information on the
STROBE Initiative is available at www.strobe-statement.org.