Lecture 3
Trigonometric functions
Angles Angles can be measured in degrees or radians
abbreviated as rad
Th =
TL rad 1800
18 rad
1 rad 57.30 to 0.017rad
a
Facts The length of the arc is proportional
to the size of the
iq angle
Hence
I 0
Circumference
The central angle
of the
is
circle
2x
is 2Ter
f f Here 0 is measured in radians
I
a t0
the radius circle what angle
Example H
If of a is 5cm
is subtended by an arc of 6cm
2 If a circle has radius 3cm what is the length
of an arc subtended by a central angle
of ft rad
Solution ①& =
=
=
= =
1 . 2 rad
② =r
=
a
=
z x 3
=
Em
Positive Negative angles
ay ay
termial
side initial side initial side
µ
O X O do x
terminal side
Cockrich
020 counter OEO
~
clockwise
S
x rotation ↳
Remark Different angles can have the same terminal side
3
Eg Eat 41k have the same initial and
terminal sides since
411T 2K FTL 14Th 121T TL
and 21 rad represents a complete revolution
the rolkwic
ay the
packwic ay - we =
anti-clockwise ay
8 = i
qO
O
t
&
O
1 "
O
x x x
8 =
The trigonometric functions
y
9(x , y)
sine 1 Csc 0 4 f site
plan Aso It see aster
I 7
x tano Coto f Fano
-stasg -E tant verdefund
-
-
,
Remark 117 Tano and Seco not defined when x O
Coto and csc0 not defined when
y o
the
If 0 is a number we assume unit
of 0 is radian
this
memorise
Trigonometric functions of important angles
0 rad sine osso tan
Oo O O I 0
300 It Iz Iz If
450 E E l
Goo E Iz E B
Goo I O
7 Trigonometric identities
a Fundamental identities
CSCO site Seco ITO
sine Gsb
tano ASO cot sing
tano
Sin20 1650 (8) +
1
=
Isol
I t tank SECO It coffee CSCH
sinter sine cost b osso tanto ta.no
sin O ASO Css III O Sino
tant O Cote
lb Addition formulas
sincxty sinxcssytcs.sn
sinycsslxty1 cssxcosy
sinxsinytanCxty1
tanx any
l tanxtany
Ccl Subtraction formulas
Sin X y sinxossy Asx sing
Css x y bsxossy t sinxsiny
tanx tany
tan x y
It
tanxtany
call Double angle formulas (in (b) ,
sin (n+r) .....
(
sin 2x
zsinxcssx.GS
2x GTX Sin X 2bsZX I 2sinx
e Half angle formulas
2x f I css 2x Sinn f I Css 2x
ft Product formulas
sinxcssy zt sinlxtyitsincx
yigbsxcssg
zt bslxtyltcsslx.gl
sinx sing I wax y Ascxty
Example Find all values of X in the interval 10,2T
such that sinx sinzx
Solution Since
=
1 Sins(cosd => Sind(2coss-1) =
0
0 Ow 2CoSu-1 =
either Sinc =
d cos)
=
I
hi
E ,
i
=
& 0 π
, , n =
All solutions = 0
,
2
,
25
,
= ,
Graphs of the trigonometric functions
Sin(u) has gerid in
↳ Sinar) has period
zn
I
Isinal=
-
sinc
odd function Sin (-2)=
-
111 Sinx
Domain IR
Range E 1,13
lesinxel
Period Za
sinx O whenever X na n an integer
121 Asx
Domain IR
Range E 1,13
IE cosxel
Period Za
Note that cssx sincxt shifting the graph of sinx
by an amount Iz we get the graph of nsx
odd function .
3 1 an X -
Domain 9 1 Xt IEte k is odd Range C co co
Period TL
4 Coty tan E O
2
tantox El
cot X
reflec
fans -> tane-h
about
yaxi6
Domain fix I Xt ka k integer
Range C co co
Period TL
Ht cscx f sin
Domain fxlxt ka.be integer Range C o I u El D
period 21
6 Secx
Domain fxlxt ka.be integer
2
Range C o I u El 18
period 21
Example Find the exact trigonometric ratios for 0 It
Solution
Example If user I and 0202 find the other five
trigonometric functions of 0
Solution
Remark D You may use trigonometric identities to find
the value of the other five trigonometric
functions of 0
The signs of the trigonometric functions for
angles in each of the four quadrants can be
remembered by means
of
All Students Take Calculus
sine O Y all ratios O
S A
X
tane OT C GSO 0
sine O Y all ratios O
S A
X
tane OT C GSO 0
