LESSON 5 PART 1 and leaders.

People would just love to stay along

with people of the same background.
ORAL COMMUNICATION To avoid it, try to promote “unity in diversity” wherein
Oral communication is the process of verbally team members have to be assigned to different
transmitting information and ideas from one individual groups to break the usual grouping.
or group to another. Oral Locale or Distance to Office.
communication can be either formal or informal. The office location or its distance from its employees
or contributors entails problems in communication.
6 COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION IN THE The company usually resorts to email, phone, or
WORKPLACE. video conferencing. The very low level of interaction
Upward communication refers to the flow of in electronic communication poses a communication
information from employees to management in a barrier.
hierarchical organization. It is the process by which To solve it, meetings should be done at the nearest
employees share their ideas, feedback, suggestions, venue and on a regular schedule. Important issues
and concerns with their managers, supervisors, or and solutions can be posted or sent to all for further
executives. knowledge and verification.
Downward communication represents the flow of Ego and Attitude.
information from management or executives to Self-image or ego often affects a team’s effort to
employees within an organization. It involves execute plans. One’s arrogance causes trouble,
transmitting information, instructions, decisions, and more often, teamwork ends due to one’s
policies, and plans to the employees who will carry defiance. The presence of conflict is evident when
out the work based on these. someone displays inequality or bias and doesn’t want
Digital communication This type of communication to take responsibility.
refers to the exchange of information and messages To solve it, the team leader or manager should
through technology: promote better understanding as the group discusses
Individual communication in the workplace refers to the issue. He has to re-direct the group to be able to
communication that takes place between two meet the goals.
individuals, rather than communication that is Authority or Hierarchy Problems.
directed toward a group or the entire organization. The authority that the team leader or manger
Group communication in the workplace refers to demonstrates more often creates intimidation or gap
communication that takes place between three or with team members.
more individuals who are working together towards a To resolve, managers or team leaders should promote
common goal. harmoniously relation among the team members.
Intercultural communication This type of Communicate to the members about the intention of
communication involves individuals from different helping and letting them feel they are important.
cultural backgrounds communicating with each other Poorly Written Communication.
in the workplace. The confusion or misunderstanding of in interoffice
business communication is due to poor content of
TOP COMMUNICATION ISSUES written documents, substandard organization,
Failure to Listen fractured grammar, among other flaws in written
Ineffective listening is a big problem in interoffice materials.
communication. Good communication fails when one To avoid it, ensure that documents are well-edited and
doesn’t pay much attention or plan what to say before proofread by best editor in the department. Allow
one ends his statement. other eyes to check for mistakes in grammar, spelling,
To avoid it, speakers have to emphasize the punctuations, and organizations.
importance of active listening in the discussion. Also Gender Bias.
point out that inattentiveness results to different The choice of which gender makes a more effective
understanding of the topic being discussed. Speakers leader in the department is an issue of gender bias.
also have to maintain eye contact during the This gender discrimination creates problem in the
conversation or discussion. organization.
Culture Differences. To avoid this, team leaders or managers should
The diversity of backgrounds and cultural customs ensure that the issue on gender choice is aside in
create communication issues among team members tackling issues or taking course of action for the
department.
Focus or Listening Problems. ►Catch the reader's attention purposively.
The inability of employees to focus on the issue is ►Tailor it to the company, to the employer, and to the
equivalent to listening problems. The generation gap job.
is often the cause of a communication barrier that ►Persuade the reader that you are a qualified
affects the achievement of department goals. applicant for the job.
To help avoid it, leaders or managers have to initiate ►Request an interview.
mutual understanding regardless of age. Encourage
teamwork and unity despite differences of age, sex, The needed information of a cover letter
social status, and family background. ►The title of the job, the source of your information,
Inadequate Knowledge. and the statement of your objective have to be clear.
Little knowledge is dangerous. Hence, team ►There should be a summary of your qualifications
performance is affected due to ineffective education for the job.
or lack of understanding or other inadequate ►Indicate that you enclosed your CV or resumé.
knowledge foundation. ►Request for an interview.
To resolve it, leaders or managers encourage team ►Identify the job. Include any information that is not
members to upgrade knowledge by pursuing higher included in your CV or resumé.
degree programs. Include in the annual target plan
the participation of members to seminar, training or General guidelines for the overall structure of
conferences. your cover letter:
Cliques, Groups and Friendships. ►Format your cover letter for post, mail, or email. It
Group membership or group affiliation or exclusive should consist of one page only.
grouping of team members can sometimes create ►Include your complete address, email address, and
segregation. phone number.
To avoid it, promote teamwork spirit in thedepartment. ► Use the tile of the person when you address
Conduct team building activities to promote objectivity, him/her in the letter. If you can't find a name, write
teamwork, cooperation, and unity in diversity 'Dear Sir/ Madamme.'
► Use standard, easy-to-read font. Make it readable.
Effective communication is essential for successful Times New Roman or Arial is preferred; it should be
interactions, both personally and professionally. By no smaller than 11 for readability on screen.
addressing challenges such as unclear messaging, Types of letter format
lack of active listening, cultural differences, and Block
inappropriate use of technology, individuals and Modified Block
organizations can pave the way for clearer, more Semi-Block
constructive communication. The Content of the Cover Letter
The Introductory Paragraph
PREPARING THE COVER/ APPLICATION LETTER ►Your first paragraph must be very convincing. It tells
What is a cover letter? your reader that you are the best person for the job. It
■A cover letter, also known as an application letter, is also emphasizes that you have the set of skills and
a three- to four-paragraph memo to employers experience that make you the ideal candidate for the
explaining your interest in the job and company and post.
your fitness for the role.
The Introductory Paragraph/Example
PURPOSE OF A COVER LETTER I hope this letter finds you in good health and high
highlight your academic, professional, and personal spirits. I learned that you are in need of the position of
qualifications for the position to which you are English faculty and I believe that I have the necessary
applying. credentials for this role. I have considerable working
experience as an English Language and Literature
It should not be a restatement of your resume. Professor, and I enclose my CV to support my
Instead, you should select certain experiences to application.
highlight to the employer. The Content of the Cover Letter
The Main Section
WRITING A JOB APPLICATION LETTER OR A The main section of your cover letter should
COVER LETTER succinctly outline your qualifications, aligning them
The Four Important Tasks: with the job description and person specification. This
section should highlight your accomplishments, often over two pages, covering an individual's entire
expertise, and special skills relevant to the position. career history in chronological order.
The Main Section/Example
Having previously served as a faculty member of I In writing your CV, you have to consider the
have had the privilege of witnessing the university's following information:
commitment to excellence in education and fostering ● Areas of interest.
a positive learning environment. The invaluable ● Education.
experience I gained during my time there has left a ● Grants, honors, and awards.
lasting impression, and I am eager to contribute once ● Publications and presentations.
again to the institution's noble mission. ● Employment and experience.
● Academic memberships.
Designing the Curriculum Vitae ● Character references.
The Closing Paragraph
►Your closing paragraph should be written concisely Guidelines for Writing Effective CV
and neatly. It should make clear what action the
reader will be taking after reading your cover letter. Include your contact details at the top.
But don't sound arrogant. ► Decide whether you want to start with a personal
The Closing Paragraph/Example statement or career objective. Include sections on
"If you find my application desirable to your needs, I Key Skills, Knowledge and
am willing to come for a personal interview. I can be ►Achievements, Work Experience, and Education.
onreached via my email: ► When discussing achievements, focus on what you
eudencellevillahermosa@yahoo.com or through have actually done and the end result achieved.
mobile: +639488005694” ► Include everything relevant in the 'Work
Experience' and 'Education' sections.
DESIGNING THE CURRICULUM VITAE ► Make sure that your spelling and grammar are all
What is a curriculum vitae? correct. Work on your presentation.
A curriculum vitae (CV) is a detailed document that CV Mistakes and Pitfalls to Avoid
provides an overview of a person's education, work ►Do not be tempted to lie just to ‘look good’.
experience, skills, achievements, and qualifications. It ►Avoid leaving gaps in your career history.
is typically longer than a resume and is commonly ►Do not start your CV with the dull bits.
used by professionals in academic, scientific, medical, ►Do not include your hobbies and interests.
and research fields, as well as in certain international ►Don't make your CV too long.
job markets. ►Do not use an unprofessional email address.

Basic Rules of CV Writing LESSON 5 PART 2

►Think about what he needs to know about you.
Consider the job description.
► Present your CV or resumé to inform them well Online Interviews
about what they need to know. An online interview is an interview conducted
►A well-written CV or resumé limits the chance of not remotely through an online chat, video, or audio
selecting you. platform.
► CV or resumés are the most important documents
needed in job screening. Benefits of online interviewing
►In some academic institutions, the CV or resumé is ● Cost-Saving
the standard for job applications. The objective of ● Time-Saving
both CV and resumé remains. However, the ● Less Stressful
appearance of the document is noticeably different. ● Convenient
Resumé vs. Curriculum Vitae
►CVs and resumes differ in length, purpose, and Types of online interview
layout. Resumes are concise summaries, usually one Webcam job interview.
to two pages long, customizable, and focused on In this interview, the interviewer will simply arrange
making an individual stand out. They typically include the interview through video. Webcam Interview
sections for contact info, education, and work requires a camera, which is very convenient
experience. In contrast, CVs are detailed documents,
nowadays, as most of the laptops have built-in Face-to-face communication is the exchanging of
webcams. information, thoughts, and feelings between the
Phone Calls/Voicemails sender and the recipient.
Some companies prefer to conduct their interviews Face-to-face communication takes place during one
over the phone or by leaving voicemails with discussions, informal groups, meetings, and more
pre-recorded questions. You must be prepared to When you speak, you immediately relate the
answer these questions quickly and concisely. without message easily using facial expressions, hand
missing any important details. gestures, body language, and other non-verbal
Pre-Recorded Video Responses language. It means that you can easily understand
For certain positions, employers may require what people say when you see and hear them.
applicants to record themselves answering
predetermined questions before submitting their Emeritus Albert Mehrabian, a UCLA paychology
applications. It is important to make sure your Professor who revealed the following findings:
responses are clear and professional so that they That when converse,..
stand out from others who have applied for the same ►Seven (7) percent of meaning is conveyed through
position. the spoken word
►Thirty-eight (38) percent of communication is
Tips for a successful online interview credited to how one speaks like the tane of vaice.
►Download the software required by the company ►Fifty-five (55) percent of communication expression.
ahead of time that you'll have the opportunity to get through facial
used to it.
►Create a professional username Face-to-Face Communication in the Digital Age
►Dress professionally. If you sitting down. Stronger working relationships. Your presence at
►Clear your workspace and any clutter that is behind the workplace signifies your interest and cooperation
you so that it doesn't show up on the screen. with your fellow employees. Perception of thoughts
►Make sure that you be disturbed by people, pets, e and feelings. Through face to face communication,
quiet room where you will not you will be able to express exactly your personal
►Have a piece of paper and a pen ready so that you thoughts and feelings.
scrambling to find them later. Engagement and innovation. Face to face
►Have a copy of your resume in your sightline in communication enriches of belongingness and
case you have to refer to datus, jub titles, ur numbers collaboration. It creates a healthy environment that
►Smile and focus as much as possible and try to inspires and motivates employees to be more
behave as if you're in a regular, in person interview innovative and productive.
►Practice using your webcam equipment before the Addressing sensitive issues. Face to face
interview communication in necessary when discussing
pressing or addressing sensitive concerns in the
Face to Face Meeting and its Benefits company. Face-to-face addressing sunsitive
►Face-to-face meetings are the usual meetings that communication is much preferred more importantly
are conducter try people venue and in person when you are dealing with pressing problems that
►People express thoughts and feelings using the need urgent solutions.
body language, hand gestures, and facial expressions Clear and concise communication,
►Feedback is an important aspect of face-to-face Miscommunication or misunderstanding is often
meetings Getting feedback from the attendees minimized when you do face to face communication.
provides input in the development of something that You may be giving incorrect information, but you can
requires cooperation and teamwork immediately correct it for better understanding.
►Face To face is the heet for brainstorming and
planning It can establish stronger relationships and Face-to-Face and Online Meetings Etiquette
create botter teamwork: pouple can understand sach 1. Know your surroundings: Organize the place,
other very well. free it from distractions, and provide good lighting. Do
FACE-TO-FACE COMMUNICATION not appear that you inside the cave or a less lighted
Face-to-Face Communication Defined museum.
IT & Business Process Association Philippines 2. Dress appropriately: Your appearance online is as
(IBAP) presents two definitions of face-to-face important as your look during a face to face meeting.
communication:
3. Listen carefully: Be an active listener. While Parts of business letter
attending a virtual meeting, devote your full attention • Its introductory paragraph should be brief
to the meeting. establishing the content and purpose of the letter.
4. Unmute your microphone when you wish to • Its middle section should contain the details of the
talk. Muting your audio when you are not speaking message in logical order.
allows other attendues the chanen to fit and share • Its concluding paragraph is short, politely
their views and feelings. requesting action, thanking the reader, or providing
5. Speak clearly: When you join any virtual meeting, additional important information.
introduce yourself. and say hello or hi. Make sure that
the people in the meeting hear and notice your What is Endorsement and Follow-up Letters?
presence. If you come late to the meeting, you may A follow-up letter is a letter sent after initial contact
use the chat box to greet the people and let them with a person, company, or organization. The purpose
know of your presence. is to address any request or complaint or to thank the
6. No food, please: No eating is a strict rule that recipient for previous correspondence.
participants have to observe during the virtual A letter of endorsement is a formal communication
meeting. To avoid graving for food during virtual document that professionals use to show their support
meetings, eat a few minutes before the actual time of for a friend, colleague, student or other acquaintance.
the meeting.
7. Remain seated and stay present: Stay focused. Tips from to help you write a better follow-up
Be patient staying seated while attending the meeting. letter:
Don’t ever try to open your email inbox or chat with ►Start with your name, address, city and zip code,
friends on social media messenger. telephone number. Include next the recipient's details.
Note that in a follow-up letter you going to write to the
WRITING CORRESPONDENCE VIA PRINT OR same person you had originally written to or contacted
EMAIL with.
What is business correspondence? ►Add the salutation.
Business Correspondence is a broader term that ►In the first line, mention that you had written earlier
encompasses all types of written communication and haven't received a response yet. You can
exchanged in the course of conducting business. This mention here if you had called. Actually, you'll let him
includes not only formal business letters but also know that you're re writing in this line.
emails, memos, faxes, reports, proposals, and any ►State your request or interest. If you are writing
other written communication used for business inquiring about a job vacancy for which you had sent
purposes. a job application, reiterate your key skills experiences
Business letters and state why you think you are a great potential.
Business letters are formal letters used for ►Invite for contact and thank for their attention.
business-to-business, business-to-client, or ►Close with signature.
client-to-business correspondence.
Here are more things that you'll need to remember
Reasons for writing business letter than the actual steps to write the letter:
• request direct information or action from another ►Add fresh insights to your old appeal. Don't write a
party photocopy of your old letter.
• order supplies from a supplier ►Take at best 2 days after a meeting or a job
• identify a mistake that was committed interview to write a follow-up letter. Work while the
• reply directly to a request memories are still fresh in the recipient's mind.
• apologize for a wrong or simply to convey goodwill. ►If you've a CV, wait 7 days before sending the
follow up letter. The omployer is likely very busy.
A business letter is also very useful because it… hence the late response, so keep your letter short. Do
• produces a permanent record not bring up your whole CV in the letter. Hold the
• is confidential and formal interest and attention with wording, not boring.
• delivers persuasive and well-considered messages ►Do not convey negative sentiments in your letter,
Note: even if you are frustrated by their speed and sincerity
• In writing a business letter, the most important ►Indicate how you want to proceed next in your letter
element that you need is to ensure its accuracy. if you think it is needed.
►Be extremely polite even if you feel like they've Guidelines that you may consider before writing
been ignoring you by ignoring your past letters. and posting online.
►To look polished and professional, edit and TEXTING
proofread a couple of times before sending the actual Always consider your audience and your company,
letter. and choose wurde, terma, or abbreviations that will
►If you want, you can attach copies to document doliver your message appropriately and offertivaly.
proof that you had sent letters earlier. ● Know your recipient.
►Follow up again if required. ● Use appropriate symbols and codes.
● Never abuse text messaging
Request an Endorsement ● Don't text while driving.
►State who you are, the name of your campany or EMAIL
organization and your position or rule Email is very useful for messages for personal or
►Use clear, specific language to request the business purposes. It contains slightly more content
endorsement. than a text message. In more established companies,
►Explain why you requesting the endorsement what they prefer to us with fairly briof messages for efficient
it will be used for, why you feel that the endorsement and effective communication.
is necessary of why you merit receiving the Email
endorsement, and so forth. Include guidelines for the ● Start with proper salutation.
format length, or content of the endorsement letter. ● Use cloar, short and specific subject line.
►Indicate by when need the letter of endorsement. ● End with your name, company information
►Consider providing a pre addressed, stamped and signature.
envelope with your request letter if the endorsement ● Avoid abbreviations.
letter is to be mailed. ● Observe conciseness and good format.
►If you plan to make a follow-up call to the reader, ● Reread, revise and review before sending to
indicate in your letter when you intend to do so. intended recipients. Reply promptly and
►Thank the reader for considering the endorsement. "Reply All” sparingly.
►Substantiate for give reasons for) your ● Avoid using all caps
endorsement. ● Give feedback or follow up.
►If you endursing a persun for a particular position, ● Avoid sending emails with large files
role, job, etc., include how long you have known the ● Test provided links.
person, in what capacity, the positive qualities of the MEMOS
person that make him/her a suitable candidate for memoranda, or memos, are one of the most
endorsement. adaptable.document forms used in professional
►If necessary, indicate the next step that should he settings. They usually used for asking for and giving
taken or what will happen Include framu, if information, company policy, husiness reports, and
appropriate. proposals. They are often used. to inform but they
►You may want to include your contact information sometimes to persuade.
and offer to give further information upon request. Memos
►Conclude your letter by summarizing the reasons Note: Organize the memo message very well.
for the endorsement and by vastating your Regardless of the length, memo message should
endorsement of the person or project, etc follow an organization principle. In writing the memo,
you should consider the following questions:
WRITING NETIQUETTE Do I have to read this? Why do I have to read this?
What is writing netiquette? What do I need to know? What am I expected to do
"Writing netiquette" refers to the principles and now or later?
guidelines for polite, respectful, and effective written LETTERS
communication in online contests. Writing netiquette • Letters are written communications usually sent to
is essential for maintaining professionaliom, clarity, intended recipients that are outside the organization.
and courtesy in online interactions. • Along with emails and memos, the company still
uses letters to communicate formally with a potential
employer (application/cover letter) or introduce a
product or service or other purposes (Transmittal
letters, Recommendation letters, Complaint letters,
Petition letters etc.)