TRINITY INSTITUTE

OF
PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector-9, Dwarka, New Delhi-110075
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi & Approved by Bar Council of India, New Delhi)
“A+” Ranked Institution by SFRC, Govt. of NCT of Delhi
Recognized under section 2(f) of the UGC Act, 1956
Accredited “B++” by NAAC

LAB MANUAL
TV PRODUCTIO LAB
COURSE CODE:256

NAME................................................
ENROLLMENT NO. ..........................
CLASS................................................

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 Certificate

I, hereby, declare that the Assignment/Project for the subject TV Programming

and Production (BAJMC-256) is a record of an original work done by me under
the guidance of Dr. Divyshikha , Assistant Professor, Dept of Journalism and
Mass Communication, Trinity Institute of Professional Studies.

Name of the student: Name of the faculty:

Signature of student: Signature of Faculty:

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OBJECTIVE OF THIS COURSE:
On Completion of this course, the student should be able to
- demonstrate proficiency of skills to plan, produce a video programme

OBJECTIVE OF THIS MANUAL:

This Lab Manual is intended to be used by students of BA (JMC), Semester
IV for
TV Production.
The TV Production Lab Manual covers topics that are essential for the
students tostrengthen their theoretical concepts. The purpose of this
manual is to give guidance and instructions to the students regarding this
subject.
Describe the concept & process of Video Production
describe Production Budgeting and Schedule
describe the process of Shooting Script and Story Boarding

HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

Use of this manual is mandatory for the completion of practicals. It
provides the students with the firsthand knowledge of the practical
subjects. It also makes them learn a systematic approach to do their
task proficiently as per the need and requirement of the industry.

INSTRUCTION TO THE STUDENTS

1. Students are REQUIRED to carry this manual during the Lab Class.
2. Students are REQUIRED to read the topics mentioned before
coming to theLab Class.
3. Students are REQUIRED to follow the timeline for each assignment.

Refer to the Summary of Key Concepts and Sample(s) before attempting the
assignments. Type the assignments in the following format:

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 Table of Contents

S.No TOPIC PAGE NO. SIGNATURE

1. Video brief
2. Video script
3. Shooting Script
4. Story Board
5. Production Schedule
6. Floor, light & audio plan
7. Finalize production crew
8. Budgeting

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Topic-1

VIDEO BRIEF
A video brief tells the video production company how the video is
going to fit into your business and your marketing strategy. The video
production brief becomes the guide for everyone who is involved,
from pre-production to post-production. Our video production
process follows six basic steps, starting with identifying your audience
and ending with using video brief templates to guide the projects.
Before you begin production of your video, you need a creative brief
for video that details the specifications regarding your needs, goals
and audience. The more specific your creative brief is, the more likely
you are to get exactly what you want in your video. It helps everyone
who works on your videography project to understand the focus of the
video.

Before you write your draft brief, begin with the following 7 steps;
Step One: Identify the Audience for Your Video Project
Example: Our core demographic is men from the ages of 20 to 40. Our
demographic owns their own home, is handy, and is always interested in
new technology.
Every video production brief template asks you to identify your core
audience. This audience can be as narrow and as broad as you want it to
be. A narrow scope will be more impactful to the core audience that it
describes; whereas a broader scope might be less impactful but for a
larger audience. Your marketing team will help you drill down to the
most effective audiences.
It’s extremely important to describe and speak to a specific audience
when creating a video. Your video production company needs to
understand the core demographics and interests of your buyer persona.
From there, they can craft a video that is relevant to them.
Step Two: Describe the Goals of Your Video Project
Example: Our primary goal is to improve conversions, in addition to a
secondary goal of adding traffic to our website. What do you want your
video marketing project to achieve? Without a goal, your marketing may
be directionless. Your goal can be as broad as “brand awareness” or as
specific as attempting to increase sales of a single product or service.
Regardless, your entire video is going to need to be developed with the
express purpose of leading your audience towards this goal. Describing
your audience and your goals needs to happen early in the ideation
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process, as it will inform your answers to the rest of your questions. The
entirety of your marketing must be tilted both towards your audience and
the ultimate action that you want them to take.

Step Three: Find Your Video’s Core Message

Example: Our core message is that our product can save our customers
time and money, by making their tasks easier.
Every video needs a core message that can be condensed into a single
sentence or a couple of sentences. This is the heart of what the video needs
to convey, and it must be directed to your audience and in service of your
goals. Your core message differs from your goal because it is how you
convince your audience to complete that action. If your desired action is
to sell a service, your message has to describe to your audience why that
service is useful for them. A core message is important enough that you
should spend some time testing and refining it. Your marketing is going
to be tilted towards displaying this single message as concisely and
powerfully as it can. While there can be secondary messages, there
shouldn’t be too many; it will obfuscate and confuse.

Step Four: Choose Your Video Content Type

Example: Our content will be a high quality commercial/infomercial,
geared at describing the product.
At this stage, you should be identifying the type of product that you’re
interested in creating. Explainer videos, branding videos, infomercials,
commercials — all of them are shot differently and with different goals.
However, the goal itself does not override the content type; you can have
a commercial that’s designed for brand awareness, for instance, or you
could have a branding video that’s designed to encourage sales.
The type of content you want to create is going to have a tremendous
impact later on. It will inform your budget, deadlines, and your
distribution centers. By deciding early on which type of content you’re
creating, you can quickly find the answers to many of these technical
questions.
Remember: you aren’t set on a specific content type. You can have a
commercial that has some “explainer” qualities or you can have a brand
awareness video that is like a commercial. You can talk to your video
production company about adjustments that you might want to make.

Step Five: Figure Out Distribution for Your Video

Example: Our video will be distributed on our site and on third-party
social media, such as YouTube.
A video production company will create a video that is tailored towards
your means of distribution. Keep in mind that different types of video
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platform also lead naturally to different video formats. Special platforms,
such as YouTube, could also require some modifications, such as needing
a specific resolution or a call-to-action. Videos may be universal to be
distributed in multiple places while having a different “tag” on the end
for different media platforms.

Videos on owned media, such as the company’s own website, may not
need these adjustments. Either way, though, the video production
company will need to know to what specifications the video has to be
produced, such as resolution and image quality.

Step Six: Set a Deadline and a Budget for Your Video Production
Project
Example: We need our video shot within two months and we have a
budget of $10,000.
There’s an old saying: fast, cheap, and good — pick two. To create any
skilled, creative work, this is true. If your budget is high, you may be able
to get a video that is both fast and exceptional. If your budget is low, you
may need to settle for it being fast and cheap.
Different types of media will naturally have different budgets and
deadlines. A commercial will may have a fairly lengthy deadline but a
high budget. A company branding video might have a high budget but
require fairly fast turnaround. Meanwhile, regular content updates may
have lower budgets and faster turnaround times. It all depends on your
goals and the type of video that you’re producing.
The steps before this one will have led you to a better understanding of
the content that you’re creating, your audience, and the urgency at which
you need the content created. Setting a firm deadline and budget will help
you stay within the constraints of your current market strategy, and will
make it easier for you to judge your marketing success later on.

Step Seven: Create a Video Production Plan Template

This final step is what’s going to make your process easier later on. Once
you’ve completed your first video production brief, use it as a video brief
template that you can use in the future. Your template doesn’t have to be
complex; it just needs to follow the major questions listed above.
When you need to make a video, you can follow this outline to quickly
create your content brief and get started on your video production. You
can also ask your video production company whether they have
suggestions or whether there may have been information that they were
missing the first time around.
Your template can also be used throughout the marketing department for
new marketing efforts, reducing administrative time and — most
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importantly — making your marketing more consistent and coherent. As
an example, you might include in your template three core types of
demographics that your marketing team is focusing on. From then on,
each new marketing effort will focus on one of these specific
demographics.

After You’ve Written Your Creative Brief

Once your creative brief has been written, you can turn it over to your
video production company and your video production company will do
their best to follow it. Your company may also be able to give you some
advice regarding your creative brief, and may help you improve it.
A creative brief may need to have some adjustments made if the creative
media doesn’t come out the way that it was expected. As an example, you
might find that your core message was too complex, or that your audience
demographics were too broad (or too restrictive). Your creative brief can
be adjusted on-the-fly; what’s most important is that it exists as a baseline
for the project.
A video production creative brief may sound complex, but it’s an
important part of the process. Your creative brief doesn’t necessarily need
to be lengthy, but it does need to be detailed. It’s worth it to take some
time to go over each step and consult with your marketing department.
A creative brief will further make it easier to split test your marketing
efforts, determining which different demographics are more effective and
which marketing messages appear to be most useful and memorable.
Over time, you’ll be able to improve upon your creative briefs to the point
where they’re simple, fast, and easy to achieve.

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Assignment 1

Prepare a video brief: idea, target audience, synopsis, treatment,

duration and format.

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Topic 2

Video Script
A video script serves as the foundation and blueprint for your digital video.
It's a list in chronological order of the scenes, action, and dialogue you want
to include in your video.

Why write a video script?

There are a number of reasons why creating a video script is important:

It allows you to plan your messaging

Creating a video is an exciting process, and we know you have a LOT to say!
Writing a script is a fantastic starting point – a first step that allows you to
whittle down thousands of competing ideas into one coherent structure. You
can start to plan exactly what you want to say in your video – and how you
want to say it.

It lets you estimate (and manage) video length

We work to the rule that a well-paced professional voiceover is read at
around 130 words per minute. 130 words of voiceover generally equates to
a minute-long voiceover track. When you know this, it gives you a great way
to manage the breadth of the content you want to cover, while considering
the length of the video and how that will resonate with your audience.

It saves (sometimes MASSIVE amounts of) time

Another important aspect of writing a video script is the ability to make
changes quickly and smoothly. The problems you will encounter trying to
change any footage while the video is in post-production can be timely and
expensive. However, any mistakes you make in the script, or scenes you’d
like to change, can be actioned within seconds using the trusty backspace
key.

It facilitates collaboration
When making a video for your business, a lot of different people may want
to have their input. By writing a script – and inviting feedback on it through
a collaborative tool like Google Docs – everyone can chip in and have their
say on what to include and cut from the script. This allows you to get buy-in
across the organisation and harness the power of different voices and

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 perspectives.

How to write a video script

let’s talk about how to write one. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
1. Plan your script
As with anything creative, it’s imperative that you have a basic idea of what
you are hoping to create. Failing to plan at the script stage could lead to
unexpected costs further down the line.
If you come across any problems at the script stage, you can easily tweak and
change and even start again. However, if those changes need to be made
once the video has been recorded, illustrated, animated or recorded by the
voiceover artist, then you could incur further costs.
By defining the right information at the brief stage, the script process
becomes a structural exercise where it’s just a case of laying out the points
you’ve identified in the most impactful way possible.
Your brief or plan document should cover:
• What the video is about.
• Who the audience is.
• Where the video will be used.
• What are the key messages to get across?
• What sort of visual style the video should follow (this will help you visualise
the action-on-screen.)
• What sort of storytelling style the video should use (this will help define the
tone and linguistics of your voiceover)?
Based on this information, you should have enough to put together a first
draft of the script.

The Script Writing Formula

If you’re really struggling to know where to start, this simple formula might
be helpful. Of course, no two videos are exactly the same, but this classic
formula for an introductory explainer video helps us get started time after
time.

1. Audience/Problem – Start by defining the pain point your product or

service has been introduced to overcome. Massage and elaborate on this
problem; what does it mean? How is it manifesting itself in your target
audience’s life? How is it holding them back?

2. Solution – Introduce your product or service and explain briefly how it

solves this problem.

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3. Benefits & USPs – Run through 3-4 of your main benefits and USPs that
differentiate your product or service from the competition.

4. Call to Action (CTA) – It’s impossible to get across everything about your
product or service in 60 seconds, so at the end of the video, you really need
to give your viewers a ‘signpost’ to nudge them along to the next step in your
sales journey. Make sure to include contact numbers, website addresses,
email addresses and anything else you think might be relevant to ensure the
viewer takes further action.

5. Keep it short- We all know that, when we’re passionate about something,
talking about it is easy. And not just that – we’ll talk about the things we’re
interested in at length and in great detail.
That isn’t always a good thing when it comes to writing a video script! You’ll
quickly find yourself fighting a natural instinct to include every single benefit
of your product or service.

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Assignment 2

Write a video script (2-5 minutes) for Social Relevance

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 Topic-3

Shooting Script

A shooting script is a version of a screenplay that is used during the

production of a film or television show. Shooting scripts are not the same
as spec screenplays. They include scene numbers and adhere to a set of
procedures that outline how screenplay revisions are implemented and
distributed to cast and crew. The shooting script is usually created by the
director and cinematographer. But on smaller productions or television
shows the screenwriter might be involved as well, especially if they are
generating new pages during production.
The director and cinematographer sit with this document and discuss
their ideas and shot plan desired for the movie. They line these scripts so
that they know what kinds of camera angles and movement they want in
each scene. The shooting script is then broken into shots, featuring
cinematography jargon such as close-ups, medium shots, and wide shots.

Shooting script template

Here are some things your shooting script should include:

1. Scene numbers
2. Camera angles/directions
3. Detailed special effects
4. Detailed stunt work/action sequences
5. Specific information on sets, costumes, lighting
6. Special notations regarding acting

Sample

Image Source - https://nofilmschool.com/shooting-script-example

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ASSIGNMENT 3

Prepare a shooting Script for Social Relevance

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 Topic 4

Story Board

Story Board is a sequence of drawings, typically with some directions and

dialogue, representing the shots planned for a film or television
production.
A storyboard is a visual representation of a filmmaker's vision. It specifies
how you want the finished piece to flow - whether it's a feature film, a
novel, a presentation, a short film, or a marketing video - and simplifies
the entire creative process. Storyboarding does more than just
summarise the most important details of your plot. It is a process that
provides you and your team members with a tangible, visual flow of a
project when it comes time to collaborate and make key creative
decisions during the pre-production process. Although creating a
storyboard takes time, it will save you time (and money) in the long run.

How to make a storyboard in 4 steps

1. Make a storyboard template online using storyboarding software. Or,
you can even start with a piece of paper.
2. Draw your storyboard frames, but keep it rough, simple and leave out
intricate visual details.
3. Edit your storyboard to flesh out your film's most important visual cues
such as time of day for a scene, lighting, composition, and layering.
4. Note camera movements for shots such as zooms, pans, tilts, dollies,
trucks, and pedestals.

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SAMPLE 1:

Image 1 Source: How to Storyboard: Step-by-Step Storyboarding Guide

(2022 Edition) | Boords

Image 2 Source: stroy borad step by step - Bing images

Image 3 Source stroy borad step by step - Bing images

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ASSIGNMENT: 4
Create a Story Board through Paper or Online based any script

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Topic-5

Production schedule

When we produce a ‘live action video’, a video that predominantly

involves footage filmed with a camera, we like to know what it is that
we’re filming before we actually show up at the shoot locations. This
prevents us from wasting time on the day of the shoot and allows us to
focus purely on getting the best content to make the best video
production. To make sure that we avoid any issues, the team all agree
on and work from, a document called a production schedule, which
contains all the details of the project to leave no confusion or room for
error.Production schedules vary widely according to a variety of factors,
including but not limited to like Genre, shooting style, Location, Budget,
Cast & staff. Etc.

There are a number of elements in the document that, if not taken into
account, can quickly consume a large portion of time on a shoot, resulting
in a very poor use of time and budget. The production schedule is a list
of simple, straightforward things that you can use to iron out details.
Every location is unique, but the example schedule below gives you an
idea of the kinds of things we take into account:

Parking – this may seem like a silly thing to mention, but we have a lot of
equipment that needs to be unloaded and eventually reloaded. It has a
significant impact on the timings if there is no place to park or even pull
over to drop off. We may need to be assigned a space, given a pass, or
use a staff entrance, but knowing all of this ahead of time is far preferable
to figuring it out on the day.

Security – bringing a group of people with large bags is a sure way to get
the
attention of the security team, and not in a good way! We like to have
the main contact name and all security passes and credentials ready for
when we arrive so that the security team can wave us through and we
can get to work

Prohibited Footage – there are occasions where we may need permits to

film in
certain areas. These must be sorted before the day of the shoot. There
are also a number of locations where we need to be mindful of not
capturing certain things on camera, such as new products, equipment,
customer details, personnel or names of suppliers. Knowing what we can
and can’t film before we film it is always helpful!

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Key Contacts – with any shoot, we may need to liaise with a single
person, or we may need to liaise with several people. Whoever these
people are to avoid any awkward delays at reception trying to find the
right person to open the door we need contact names and details at
hand.

Equipment Security – you can imagine that as a professional video

production team we have quite a bit of kit. From cameras and lights to
body-mounted steadicams and aerial drones. We don’t have the
manpower to carry everything around all day, so we need a space that
we can securely store all the equipment we’re not using. By sorting this
out prior to the day, we can just show up and head straight to that space,
saving valuable time and effort.

Interviewees / models / actors – when we will be filming people, we like

them to know that they are being filmed, and if they are talking to
camera, that they also know what they are going to say, which has been
pre-approved. One of the biggest time-sinks on a location shoot is
getting people in the right place at the right time. We try and avoid this
at all costs.

Clothing and Jewellery – referring to the point above, there is a genuine

consideration that needs to be taken into account with clothing,
jewellery and make-up. When filming at 25 frames per second (fps)
certain clothing behaves in a particular way- the best way to explain this
is to show the video below. Because of this we suggest that people being
featured in the video should wear clothes with a plain thread, or bring a
change with them in case there are issues with a camera test

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ASSIGNMENT 5:
Prepare a production schedule

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Topic – 6
Floor plan, Light and Audio Plan

The floor plan allows you to sketch the approximate locations of sets,
props, cameras, talent, etc. This overhead view makes it easy to consider
distance, angles and other factors that may be crucial to setting up your
production. At a TV station some of the studio may be occupied by semi-
permanent sets that remain in place for extended periods of time. The
floor. Plan is an outline or a plan of the studio floor. It shows the main
featwes of the studio - its walls, the cyclorama, the entrance doors and
the position of the lighting grid all drawn to scale. In common usage, the
floor plan means a diagram of the scenery or the set to be erected along
with the placement of props and furniture on the studio floor. In fact, the
floor plan provides Production of Television essential guidelines for
studio use, how to set up scenery and props, arrange lights, place
microphones, plan various shots, angles, positions and movements of
cameras and indicate the action and movements of performers and
actors on the studio floor. It provides a full picture of how the studio or
the scene would look at the time of final recording. A floor plan is,
therefore, of utmost importance for the set designer, the set erectors,
the floor manager, the lighting technician, the audio engineer, the
producer, the director and the talent. The set designer usually designs
the floor plan after discussions with the producer. The set in which
different lighting patterns are used to give the symbolic representation
of the mood of the programmes are called lighting set, and different
colours of lights are used in it.

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ASSIGNMENT 6
Prepare a floor, light and audio plan

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Topic– 7

Finalise production crew

Filmmaking or television production is, at its core, a highly collaborative

process. A professional film crew includes directors, producers, writers,
cinematographers, camera operators, carpenters, electricians, and a
diverse range of designers.
While some crew positions may already be attached or recommended
for a project, and others, such as your writer and storyboard artist, may
be hired very early in the process—you should work to complete the
entire team before preproduction begins. After all, these are the men
and women who will be performing many of these tasks, and the earlier
they are included in the creative process, the more valuable their input
will be. Not just the shooting, but the entire process of making a film is a
collaborative effort!

Producer
In television programme production, the head of the production who is
called a
producer is in charge of the entire production. The producer manages
the budget and coordinates with the advertising agencies, actors and
writers. The producer is also responsible for all the people working on
the production front and for coordinating technical and non technical
production elements.
Director
Who is a Director? In a television production, the Director is in-charge of
directing the actors and technical operations. The Director is ultimately
responsible for transforming a script into effective audio and video
messages. Where the camera will be placed, what type of visuals need to
be taken, where the actors will stand, all these are controlled by the
director.

Assistant Director
On location-based programs, an assistant director acts as somewhat of
an intermediary between the director and the cast and crew - this role is
somewhat optional, and may depend on the scale of the production. For
live television productions (and with regards to SYN TV‟s live shows), the
Assistant Director may also keep time to make sure all segments are
running to the appropriate duration. The AD also counts adbreaks in and
out.

Assistant producer
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As its name suggests, this role is the right-hand person to the producer,
and often the first line of delegation - perhaps tasked with delegating to
others in the crew, yet again. This role may occasionally serve as the
producer‟s representative on shooting days, ensuring the shooting goes
to plan. A good assistant producer communicates well with the producer
and is self-motivated to carry out the tasks requested of them.

Production Assistant
The Production Assistant facilitates all that is required for the smooth
execution of the television production. Both the producer and director
are assisted by the production assistant.

Script Writer
One of the basic requirements of television production is the script. The
script gives all the details of the programme such as the dialogues, the
list of actors, details of the costumes, the mood required to be created
for each scene and their respective locations. A script writer is the person
who writes the script for the programme. In smaller productions, this
task is generally done by the director and script writers are hired, if
required.

Actors
Actors are the personnel who perform different roles according to the
requirement of the script.

Anchor
An anchor is a person who presents a programme formally on television.
For
example, news anchors present news on television while there are also
anchors who present reality shows like Sa re Ga Ma Pa and Indian Idol.

Cameraperson
Camerapersons operate the cameras. They often do the lighting also for
smaller
productions. They are also called videographers.

Art Director
The Art Director is the in charge of the creative design aspects, which
includes set design, location and graphics of the show.

Property Manager
The property manager maintains and manages the use of various set and
properties. It is found in large productions only, otherwise the props are
managed by the floor
manager only.

Floor Manager
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A Floor Manager is in charge of all the activities on the studio floor. He
coordinates talents, conveys the director‟s instructions and supervises
floor personnel. He is also called floor director or stage manager.

Costume Designer
The costume designer designs and sometimes even constructs various
costumes for dramas, dance numbers and children‟s shows.

Editor
On programs which do not go live-to-air, in post-production an editor will
work
alongside the director (and possibly the producer) to edit the footage
that has been
shot to create the final product. An editor‟s role is largely one of cutting
together and juxtaposing shots and audio to the requirements of the
director/producer. In some productions however, an editor‟s abilities
may influence the creative output

Sound Mixer (Sound Recordist)

The production sound mixer is head of the sound department on set,
responsible for recording all sound during filming. This involves the
choice of microphones,
operation of a sound recording device, and sometimes the mixing of
audio signals in real time.

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ASSIGNMENT -7
Design a production crew list and distribution of work

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Topic – 8
Production Budgeting

Budgeting will generally occur before a production is commissioned or

during the commissioning process. The process requires a considerable
amount of expertise and the importance of an accurate budget cannot
be underestimated. An under-budgeted production is in trouble from day
one! In television, the budget is usually prepared by the Producer, the
Line Producer/PM or someone with the relevant expertise. Feature films
are sometimes budgeted by the Production Accountant.
Two of the primary goals of the TV commercial production budget
template are to have a basis upon which you can plan both your
budgeting and your scheduling, in a single document. The concept is
simple: Before production can be executed, budgeting and planning must
take place. The entire process requires advanced thought processes and
an accurate understanding of how to project budgets for TV production.

Bespoke TV/Film specific software is available for budgeting but a

spreadsheet is also an effective budgeting tool.

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SAMPLE

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ASSIGNMENT 8
Creating a Budget and Schedule for any TV Program or Commercia

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