INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTER

Introduction to Computers
& their Applications
A World of Computers

• Computers are everywhere

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What Is a Computer?

• A computer is an electronic device, operating

under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory

Collects Produces
data Processing information
(input) (output)

Information Processing Cycle

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What Is a Computer?

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The Components of a Computer

• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and

mechanical components known as hardware
Allows you to enter data and instructions into a
Input Device computer
Hardware component that conveys information to one
Output Device or more people
Case that contains the electronic components of the
System Unit computer that are used to process data
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
Storage Device

Enables a computer to send and receive data,

Communications instructions, and information to and from one or more
Device computers or mobile devices
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The Components of a Computer

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using
Computers
Advantages Disadvantages

Speed Health Risks

Reliability Violation of Privacy

Consistency Public Safety

Storage Impact on Labor Force

Communications Impact on Environment

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 Green computing

• Green computing involves reducing the electricity

consumed and environmental waste generated when
using a computer

• Strategies include:
– Recycling
– Regulating manufacturing processes
– Extending the life of computers
– Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced
computers

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Networks and the Internet

• A network is a
collection of computers
and devices connected
together, often
wirelessly, via
communications
devices and
transmission media

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Networks and the Internet

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that

connects millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals

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Networks and the Internet

• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:

Communicate Research and Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading

Access Information

Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application

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Networks and the Internet

• A social networking Web site encourages

members to share their interests, ideas, stories,
photos, music, and videos with other registered
users

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Computer Software

• Software, also called a program, tells the

computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program

Application Software

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Computer Software

• Installing is the
process of setting
up software to work
with the computer,
printer, and other
hardware

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Computer Software

• A programmer develops
software or writes the
instructions that direct
the computer to
process data into
information

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Categories of Computers

1. Personal computers
2. Mobile computers & mobile devices
3. Game consoles
4. Servers
5. Mainframes
6. Supercomputers
7. Embedded computers

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Personal Computers

• A personal computer can perform all of its input,

processing, output, and storage activities by itself
• Two popular architectures are the PC and the
Apple
– Desktop computer

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Mobile Computer Mobile Device

Personal computer you Computing device small

can carry from place to enough to hold in your
place hand

Examples include Examples include smart

notebook computers, phones, PDAs, handheld
laptop computers, computers, portable
netbooks, ultra-thins, and media players, and
Tablet PCs digital cameras

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Notebook computer

Tablet PC

Smart phone

PDA

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Handheld computer

Portable media player

Digital camera

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Game Consoles

• A game console is a
mobile computing
device designed for
single-player or
multiplayer video
games

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Servers

• A server controls access

to the hardware,
software, and other
resources on a network
– Provides a centralized
storage area for
programs, data, and
information

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Mainframes

• A mainframe is a large,
expensive, powerful
computer that can
handle hundreds or
thousands of connected
users simultaneously

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Supercomputers

• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful

computer
– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing
more than one quadrillion instructions in a single
second

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Embedded Computers

• An embedded computer is a special-purpose

computer that functions as a component in a
larger product
Consumer Home Automation Automobiles Process Controllers Computer Devices
Electronics Devices and Robotics and Office Machines

•Mobile and digital •Thermostats •Antilock brakes •Remote •Keyboards

telephones •Sprinkling systems •Engine monitoring •Printers
•Digital televisions •Security control systems •Faxes
•Cameras monitoring modules •Power monitors •Copiers
•Video recorders systems •Airbag controller •Machine
•DVD players and •Appliances •Cruise control controllers
recorders •Lights •Medical devices
•Answering
machines
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Embedded Computers

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Elements of an Information System

Hardware
Software
Data
People
Procedures

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Examples of Computer Usage

Home User Small Office/Home Mobile User

Office User
•Personal financial •Connect to other
management •Look up computers on a
•Web access information network or the Internet
•Communications •Send and receive e- •Transfer information
•Entertainment mail messages •Play video games
•Make telephone •Listen to music
calls •Watch movies

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Examples of Computer Usage

Power User Enterprise User

• Work with multimedia • Communicate among
employees
• Use industry-specific
software • Process high volumes
of transactions
• Blog

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Computer Applications in Society

Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
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Computer Applications in Society

Science
Publishing
Travel

Manufacturing
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