Sex Education EQ Objectives Explain sexual orientation; Identify the causes and consequences of sexually transmitted infections and early Reflect on the importance of contraception and reproductive health law Introduction Kinsey et al. (1953) were groundbreaking researchers whose studies in the mid-20th century greatly enhanced our understanding of human sexuality. In their study, "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male" (1953), was one of the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of sexual orientation, revealing the diversity and complexity of human sexual experiences. Their work laid the foundation for modern discussions about sexual orientation, making it an essential reference for our lesson. In this lesson, we will explore sexual orientation, learning how it shapes human identity and relationships. We will also examine the causes and effects of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and early pregnancy, highlighting their impact on health and life outcomes. Additionally, ‘we will reflect on the importance of contraception and reproductive health laws in preventing unintended pregnancies and supporting overall well-being. By understanding these topics, students will be better prepared to make informed decisions about their sexual health and advocate for effective health policies. Activity: Quick Fact Sharing 1.The teacher provides each student with a small piece of paper or an index card. 2.The teacher asks each student to write down one important fact or piece of information they have learned about any of the topics (sexual orientation, STIs, early pregnancy, contraception, reproductive health laws). 3.The teacher instructs the students to stand up and form a circle. One by one, each student reads aloud their fact to the group. After sharing, the student passes the fact to the person on their right, who then shares their own fact. 4.Once everyone has shared, the teacher asks the group three quick reflective questions to tie the activity together.Guide Questions 1. Which fact shared by a classmate provided you with new information or a new perspective? Explain why it stood out to you. 2. How do you think the information shared can impact your personal decisions or actions regarding sexual health? 3. Based on the facts shared, what is one thing you can do to promote better understanding or awareness about these topics among your peers? SEXUAL ORIENTATION ‘According to American Psychological Association, sexual orientation refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, andior sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes. Sexual orientation also refers to a person’s sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions. SEXUAL ORIENTATION IS USUALLY DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF THREE CATEGORIES: HETEROSEXUAL + attracted to people of the GAY/LESBIAN + people are in committed same-sex relationships BISEXUAL + having emotional, romantic, or ‘sexual attractions to both men and women) SEXUAL ORIENTATION VS GENDER IDENTITY Sexual orientation refers to an individual's enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and sexual attractions to individuals of the opposite gender, the same gender, or both genders. It's essential to recognize that sexual orientation can be fluid for some individuals, changing or evolving over time. Someone might identify as one orientation initially and later realize a different aspect of their sexual orientation. For example, a person who is attracted romantically or sexually to individuals of the opposite gender identifies as heterosexual. On the other hand, someone attracted to individuals of the same gender may identify as homosexual, and if attracted to both genders, they may identify as bisexual. Gender identity is an individual's deeply-felt internal sense of their own gender, which may ‘or may not align with the sex assigned to them at birth. Gender identity is not strictly binary (male or female). Some people identify as non-binary, genderqueer, genderfluid, or other terms that reflect a gender identity outside the traditional categories. For example, gender identity is distinct from sexual orientation. For instance, a transgender woman (assigned male at birth, but identifies as female) may have any sexual orientation — she could be heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, etc. Gender identity focuses on an individual's internal understanding of their gender, irrespective of who they are attracted to romantically or sexually.WHAT ROLEBO/EREIUDICE AND WHAT CAUSES A PERSON TO HAVE A DISCRIMINATION PLAY IN THE LIVES OF PARTICULAR SEXUAL ORIENTATION? LESBIAN, GAY, AND BISEXUAL PEOPLE? There is no consensus among Numerous surveys indicate that verbal scientists about the exact reasons that an harassment and abuse are nearly universal individual develops a heterosexual, bisexual, experiences among lesbian, gay, and bisexual gay, or lesbian orientation. Although much People. The HIV/AIDS pandemic is another area research has examined the possible genetic, in which prejudice and discrimination against hormonal, developmental, social, and lesbian, gay, and bisexual people have had cultural influences on sexual orientation, no negative effects. Early in the pandemic, the findings have emerged that permit assumption that HIV/AIDS was a “gay disease” scientists to conclude that sexual contributed to the delay in addressing the orientation determined by any massive social upheaval that AIDS would particular factor or factors. generate. Many think that nature and nurture both play complex roles; most people experience little or no sense of choice about their sexual orientation Causes and Consequences of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are diseases caused by infection with certain bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms that can be passed from one person to another through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or other body fluids, during oral, anal, or genital sex with an infected partner. Sexually transmitted infections can be caused by bacteria such as gonorthea, syphilis and chlamydia; parasites such as trichomoniasis; and viruses which include human papillomavirus (HPV), the herpes simplex virus, and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS. ‘These diseases can also be spread through sharing needles, blood transfusions, breastfeeding, or from an infected mother to an infant during pregnancy and childbirth. Symptoms + Sores or bumps on the genitals or in the oral or rectal area. + Painful or burning urination. + Discharge from the penis. + Unusual or odorous vaginal discharge. + Unusual vaginal bleeding. + Pain during sex. + Sore, swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the groin but sometimes more widespread, + Lower abdominal pain. + Fever. + Rash over the trunk, hands or feet.CONSEQUENCES 1,Health Complications: + Untreated STDs can lead to various health issues, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can cause chronic pelvic pain and infertility in women. In men, untreated infections can contribute to epididymitis and infertility, 2.Increased Risk of HIV Transmission: + Some STDs, such as syphilis and herpes, can create open sores or lesions, increasing the risk of HIV transmission if there is exposure to the virus. 3. Chronic Infections: + Certain STDs, like herpes and HIV, are chronic and May require ongoing management and treatment throughout a person's life. 4. Cancer Risks + Persistent infection with certain high-risk strains of, human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with an \creased risk of developing cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. omplications During Pregnancy: Pregnant individuals with certain STDs may be at risk of transmitting the infection to their baby during childbirth, leading to congenital infections, preterm birth, or other complications. 6. Pain and Discomfort: + STDs can cause symptoms such as pain, itching, burning sensations) and discomfort in the genital or anal area, 7 Psychological Impact: + Coping with a diagnosis of an STD can lead to stress, anxiety, depression, and challenges in relationships due to the associated stigma. 8. Social Stigma: + Individuals with STDs may face societal stigma and judgment, affecting their personal and social lives. 9. Economic Burden: + The cost of medical treatment, including medications and doctor visits, can impose a financial burden on individuals and healthcare systems. 10. Reinfection and Transmission: + Without proper treatment and preventive measures, individuals with STDs may be at risk of reinfection and can transmit the infection to new partners.CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF EARLY PREGNANCY Teenage pregnancy, also known as adolescent pregnancy, is pregnancy in a female adolescent or young adult under the age of 20. Worldwide, pregnancy complications are the leading cause of death for women and girls 15 to 19 years old WHAT CAUSES TEENAGE PREGNANCY? «Lack of information about sexual and reproductive health and rights + Inadequate access to services tailored to young people + Family, community and social pressure to marry + Sexual violence, + Child, early and forced marriage, which can be both a cause and a consequence + Lack of education or school drop-out EFFECTS OF EARLY PREGNANCY Physical Health Impact Early (pregnancy can have significant physical effects on both the pregnant person and the developing fetus. These include changes in hormonal levels, weight gain, and potential complications such as_ gestational diabetes and hypertension. The body undergoes substantial adaptations to support the growing fetus, influencing various physiological systems. Emotional and Psychological Consequences: Early pregnancy often brings about a range of emotional and psychological changes. Hormonal fluctuations, coupled with the anticipation of parenthood, can lead to mood swings, anxiety, and stress.Financial Strain: Social and Educational Early pregnancy offen brings about financial iriptions: Pregnancy during adolescence or _— early adulthood may disrupt social and educational pursuits. The individual may —_— face challenges in completing their ‘education or pursuing career Goals. Social stigmas and judgments from peers, family, and society can contribute to challenges. The costs associated with prenatal care, delivery, and childcare can strain the financial resources of the expectant person and their family Limited financial stability may affect the ability to provide a supportive and conducive environment for both the pregnant individual and the child. feelings of isolation and impact the pregnant person's overall life trajectory. Health The developing fetus is vulnerable to various health risks during early pregnancy. Factors such as inadequate prenatal care, maternal substance use, and nutritional deficiencies can contribute to complications like preterm birth, low birthweight, and developmental issues. Importance of Contraception and Health Law Contraception and reproductive health laws are crucial for promoting health, rights, and socioeconomic well-being. They reduce unintended pregnancies, lower maternal mortality, and decrease unsafe abortions, thereby improving health outcomes, for women and children. These laws empower women by enabling informed decisions about their reproductive lives, supporting gender equality and reproductive rights. Additionally, they offer socioeconomic benefits by enhancing economic stability, educational attainment, and employment opportunities for women. Legal frameworks ensure the safety and regulation of contraceptive methods, equitable access to services, and comprehensive sex education, fostering informed reproductive choices and balancing individual rights with public health goals.Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (Repul 10354) ‘Commonly known as the RH Law, this legislation ensures universal access to methods of contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care. The law mandates the government to provide reproductive health services, including family planning, to all citizens, particularly the poor and marginalized. It emphasizes informed choice and voluntary use of these services. The RH Law also includes provisions for age-appropriate reproductive health and sexuality education, ensuring that young people are equipped with the knowledge to make informed decisions about their sexual and reproductive health. By promoting responsible parenthood, the law aims to reduce maternal and infant mortality rates and improve overall public health ‘outcomes. How do sexual orientation, the causes and = of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and early pregnancy, and the importance of contraception and reproductive health laws interconnect to influence individual health and societal well-being? Provide specific examples and discuss the role of education and policy in addressing these interconnected issues. Act No. References Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E, (1953). Sexual behavior in the human male Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie, 15(4). American Psychological Association. (2008). Understanding sexual orientation and homosexuality. https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/orientation