10/28/2019 Configure Cisco Router Step by Step Guide
Configure Cisco Router Step by Step Guide
This tutorial explains how to configure a Cisco router step by step. Learn how to secure (Enable &
Privilege Exec Mode), erase (Running Configuration), enable (Telnet access), set (Hostname, Login
banner & Time zone), configure (FastEthernet & Serial interface) and several other essential tasks in
detail with examples.
To explain basic router configuration commands, I will use packet tracer network simulator
software. You can use any network simulator software or can use a real Cisco router to follow this
guide. There is no difference in output as long as your selected software contains the commands
explained in this tutorial.
Create a practice lab as shown in following figure or download this pre-created practice lab and
load in packet tracer
Download practice topology for basic router configuration
This practice lab is only a recommendation to understand the basic router configuration commands
more clearly, it’s not a requirement to follow this tutorial. You can follow this tutorial in a single
router or even without router.
Access CLI prompt of router
Cisco IOS supports various command modes, among those followings are the main command
modes.
User EXEC Mode
Privileged EXEC Mode
Global Configuration Mode
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Interface Configuration Mode
Sub Interface Configuration Mode
Setup Mode
ROM Monitor Mode
Following table lists essential commands to navigate between different IOS modes.
Mode Prompt Command to enter Command to exit
User EXEC Router > Default mode after Use exit command
booting. Login with
password, if configured.
Privileged Router # Use enable command Use exit command
EXEC from user exec mode
Global Router(config)# Use configure terminal Use exit command
Configuration command from privileged
exec mode
Interface Router(config-if)# Use interface type Use exit command to
Configuration number command from return in global
global configuration mode configuration mode
Sub-Interface Router(config-subif) Use interface type sub Use exit to return
Configuration interface number previous mode. Use
command from global end command to
configuration mode or return in privileged
interface configure mode exec mode.
Setup Parameter[Parameter Router will automatically Press CTRL+C to abort.
value]: insert in this mode if Type yes to save
running configuration is configuration, or no to
not present exit without saving
when asked in the end
of setup.
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Mode Prompt Command to enter Command to exit
ROMMON ROMMON > Enter reload command Use exit command.
from privileged exec
mode. Press CTRL + C key
combination during the
first 60 seconds of booting
process
IOS commands are not case sensitive; you can enter them in uppercase, lowercase, or mixed
case.
Password is case sensitive. Make sure you type it in correct case.
In any mode, you can obtain a list of commands available on that mode by entering a question
mark (?).
Standard order of accessing mode is
User Exec mode => Privileged Exec mode => Global Configuration mode => Interface
Configuration mode => Sub Interface Configuration mode
Router will enter in setup mode only if it fails to load a valid running configuration.
Router will enter in ROMMON mode only if it fails to load a valid IOS image file.
You can manually enter in ROMMON mode for diagnostics purpose.
Enter in global configuration mode to execute following commands.
move into global configration mode cisco router
Change default router name
By default Router name is configured on routers. We can configure any desired name on router.
hostname command will change the name of router. For example following command will assign
LAB1 name to the router.
Hostname command cisco router
Configure password on cisco router
Router is a critical device of network. It supports multiple lines for connection. We need to secure
each line [port].
Secure console port
Console line password in cisco router
Command Description
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Command Description
Router(config)#line console 0 Move in console line mode
Router(config-line)#password console Set console line password to CNN
Router(config-line)#login Enable password authentication for console line
Secure auxiliary port
Auxiliary port provides remote access to router. You can attach modem in this port. Not all devices
support this port. If your router supports this port use following commands to secure it.
Set auxiliary line password
Command Description
Router(config)#line aux 0 Move into auxiliary line mode
Router(config-line)#password AUXCNN Set auxiliary line mode password to AUXCNN
Router(config-line)#login Enable auxiliary line mode password
Enable telnet access on cisco router
Depending on the model number and IOS software version router may supports various number of
VTY connections range from 5 to 1000. VTY is the standard name for telnet and SSH connection. By
default only first five VTYs connections are enabled. But you cannot connect them. When you try to
connect them remotely you will get following message
Password required but none set
This message indicates that password is not set on VTY lines. Password is required to connect VTYs.
Following commands set password to TELCNN on VTYs line.
Set telnet password cisco router
Command Description
Router(config)#line vty 0 4 Move into all five VTYs line
Router(config-line)#password TELCNN Set password to TELCNN on all five lines
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Router(config-line)#login Configure VTYs to accept telnet connection
In above example we set password on all five lines collectively but you can do this separately if you
need different passwords for different lines. Steps will be same.
line vty [line number] command will move into that specific line.
password [password] command will assign the desired password.
login command will enable that line to accept the connection.
Secure privilege exec mode with password
Along with access lines we can also secure privilege exec mode with password. We have two
commands to configure the password.
Switch(config)# enable password Privilege_EXEC_password
Switch(config)# enable secret Privilege_EXEC_password
Both commands will set the password on privilege exec mode. Difference between these
commands is the method of password storage. enable password command will store password in
plain text while enable secret command will store password in encryption format.
Login banner
We can configure two types of banner on routers; MOTD banner and Exec banner.
banner exec command is not available in packet tracer. You can practice with banner motd
command. Both commands work in same manner. Only the difference between these commands is
the place of display. MOTD banner will display before the login. An EXEC banner will display after
the authentication process and before the exec mode.
motd banner command cisco router
Both commands use delimiting character to specify the starting and ending of message. It means
command parser will terminate the message on delimiting character instead of the Enter key. This
feature allows us to span the message in multiple lines.
Configure clock time zone
Router allows us to localize the time zone. Following command will set time zone to +5 hour of EST
[Eastern Standard Time].
Router(config)#clock timezone EST 05
Assign hostname to IP Address
Hostname are easy to remember. We can use host name instead of their IP address while
connecting with remote address. Router resolves IP address to hostname in two ways: static and
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dynamic.
In static method we have to assign hostname to IP address.
In dynamic method we have to configure an external DNS server and need to configure its IP
address on router.
show hosts command will display the currently configured hosts with their IP addresses. Following
figure illustrate an example of static entry for hostname.
ip host command cisco router
Disable automatic domain lookup
By default routers are configured to resolve every word that is not a command. It will first look in
static DNS table for an entry. If it fails to find an entry in static DNS table, it will try with DNS server
at address 255.255.255.255. If you are not going to use DNS server or hostname facility, it is better
to turn this off. It will save your time because every incorrectly typed command will cost you a wait
of minute or two.
no ip domain-lookup command is used to disable this feature.
no ip domain lookup command cisco router
Enable logging synchronous
Whenever IOS has any kind of notification, it will display that on command prompt. It fines until
prompt is free. What if you are typing a command and notification line appears in the middle of
the command? This is really annoying. Luckily we can stop this behavior. logging synchronous
command will enable synchronization at command prompt.
logging synchronours command
After this if IOS has anything to display it will move prompt and your typed command in next line.
Notification will not insert in the middle of command. If you continue typing, the command will
execute properly, even though it looks wrong at prompt.
Disable auto logout from console line
Cisco IOS has a great security feature to secure the console line. It automatically logs out ideal
connection in 10 minutes. You can disable this feature in lab environment. exec-timeout 0 0
command will disable this.
exec timeout command cisco router
Never use this command in real world. It could create security risk to your network.
Configure serial interface in router
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Serial interface is used to connect wan network. Following command will configure serial 0/0/0
interface.
Configure serial interface in cisco router
Command Description
Router(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 Enter into serial interface 0/0/0 configuration mode
Router(config-if)#description Optional command. It set description on interface that
Connected to bhilwara is locally significant
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 Assigns address and subnet mask to interface
255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 DCE side only command. Assigns a clock rate for the
interface
Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64 DCE side only command. Set bandwidth for the
interface.
Router(config-if)#no shutdown Turns interface on
Serial cable is used to connect serial interfaces. One end of serial cable is DCE while other end is
DTE. You only need to provide clock rate and bandwidth in DCE side.
Configure FastEthernet Interface in router
Usually FastEthernet connects local network with router. Following commands will configure
FastEhternet 0/0 interface.
Configure fast ethernet in cisco router
Command Description
Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0 Enter into the FastEthernet 0/0 interface.
Router(config-if)#description Development This command is optional. It will set description
department on interface.
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.1 Assigns address and subnet mask to interface
255.255.255.0
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Command Description
Router(config-if)#no shutdown Turns interface on. All interfaces are set to off
on startup.
Disable router interface
By default all interface are administratively down on startup. We should also follow this rule.
For security reason, we should always disable unused interface on router. shutdown command is
used to disable the interface.
shutdown router interface
Saving running configuration in cisco router
Router keeps configuration in RAM. All settings that we have made in this article will erase once the
router reboot. To preserve this configuration after reboot we must have to save this. Following
command will save running configuration in NVRAM.
copy running-config startup-config command cisco router
Erasing configuration in cisco router
We have done our practice now make it available for next round of practice. As we know that
routers load configuration file from NVRAM in startup.
At the end of startup it takes configuration file from NVRAM and parse it RAM. We need to erase
this configuration file from NVRAM to remove configuration. Following command will delete
configuration file from NVRAM.
erase router configuration
That’s all for this tutorial.
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By ComputerNetworkingNotes Updated on 2018-08-06 00:41:51 IST
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