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Compact Dual-Band Antenna with High Gain and Simple Geometry for 5G
Cellular Communication Operating at 28 GHz and 44 GHz

Conference Paper · August 2021

DOI: 10.23919/URSIGASS51995.2021.9560345

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 URSI GASS 2021, Rome, Italy, 28 August - 4 September 2021

Compact Dual-Band Antenna with High Gain and Simple Geometry for 5G Cellular
Communication Operating at 28 GHz and 44 GHz
Musa Hussain1, Abdullah Mazher2, Eamin Chaudary2, Bilal Hussain1, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari3*, Francisco Falcone4,5,
and Ernesto Limiti3
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Bahria University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
3
Electronic Engineering Department, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
4
Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
5
Institute of Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain

*alibakhshikenari@ing.uniroma2.it

Abstract having desired frequency response remains a valuable

approach in every generation of wireless communication
This work elaborates a dual-band antenna which finds its as it mitigates the need of multiple antennas; therefore,
applications in mobile and satellite communication resulting in compact and cost-effectiveness in the design
systems within the context of 5th generation (5G) model. A tri-band antenna for satellite communication is
technologies. The proposed antenna is designed by using proposed in [4] but the design has relatively narrow
semi-flexible substrate material Roger/RT duroid 5880 bandwidth as in 5G wideband are key requirement. A
with an overall dimension of 15 mm × 15 mm × 0.79 mm. triangular shaped patch was proposed in [5] for 43.9, 61.8,
The antenna structure is composed of dual circular 75.8, and 94 GHz applications, although the antenna show
patches along with elliptical patch, which is further loaded satisfactory performance, but the radiation pattern was
with two elliptical slots. The proposed antenna has the distorted and consequently limited its application. A dual
capability to operate from 25.8 - 29.9 GHz and 41.8 - band antenna to operate at 28/38 GHz is presented in [6].
52GHz with central frequencies at 28 GHz and 44 GHz The presented antenna had drawbacks as it is structurally
used for mobile and satellite communications, complex with its multilayer structure and has undesired
respectively. The proposed propagation device includes frequency response due to its limited bandwidths. A
various advantages including its compact size with low frequency reconfigurable antenna was presented in [7]
geometric complexity, high gain and wide operational having compact size and high gain; however, its narrow
bandwidths which makes it good potential candidate for bandwidth limits its applications. In [8] another dual band
mm-wave applications and 5G communication systems. antenna 28/38GHz was presented and further utilized to
design eight element arrays to improve gain of antenna at
1 Introduction the cost of structural complexity and substantial size.
Another simple and compact dual band antenna was
The expeditious technological advancements were presented in [9] having advantage of high gain. On the
observed in mobile and wireless technologies from 1st contrary, it has setbacks of bigger dimension and narrow
generation to 5th generation (5G). Currently, majority of bandwidth. In [10] and [11] triband antennas were
development is on exploiting 5G technologies, with swift proposed for mm-wave communication systems. The
focus on developing 6G technologies having antenna presented in [10] offers high gain at the cost of
characteristics of devices with smaller size, high structural complexity and relatively large dimension.
efficiency, and enhanced performance [1]. Furthermore, While the antenna presented in [11] offers compact size
the requirements for optimal operation of communication and moderate gain, its frequency band offers narrow
system commensurate with variations of new technologies coverage. A patch antenna array for satellite
like Long Term Evolution (LTE), Internet of Things (IoT) communication was presented in [12]. Although the
and others [2]. Thus, the modern communication systems antenna operates on multiple frequencies of 15.3, 23.23,
require the antennas and propagation devices having and 31.68 GHz, however due to the extensive usage of
characteristics of compact size, high gains, optimal array, the antenna limits its application for compact size
directivity, wide band operation and enhanced efficiency devices. A dual band antenna for 5th generation handset
to handle large throughput of data [3]. applications and satellite communication has presented in
[13]. The unit element offers low gain and narrow
By considering aforementioned challenges and bandwidth. Even though the array offers a moderate
necessities of various state-of-the-art systems, researcher bandwidth and high gain, it is fairly limited in its
proposed various antennas for 5G and mm-wave applications having the setbacks of structural complexity
applications [4]-[13]. In addition, multiband antenna

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due to Defected Ground Structure (DGS) and large corresponding |S11| results are depicted in Fig.1(c).
dimension. Initially, a circular patch antenna was designed for
satellite communication. The radius of the antenna can be
Keeping the considerations, requirements and estimated by using the equations provided in [14]. The
limitations of 5G and mm-wave antennas, a compact dual- resultant antenna resonates at 47.5 GHz having an
band antenna is presented in this paper. The antenna impedance bandwidth ranging 45 – 50.15 GHz, as
structure is composed of dual circular patches along with depicted in Fig.1(c). Furthermore, a fractal patch was
elliptical patch, which is further loaded with two elliptical utilized to further shift the frequency toward the lower
slots. The antenna offers various advantages including bands, a detail discussion on the principle of shifting
compact size, low geometrical complexity, operation in frequency by using fractal patches were presented in [15].
two frequency bands and high gain which makes it a By loading a fractal patch, the resultant antenna starts
potential candidate for compact mm-wave and 5G resonating at three frequencies of 27 GHz, 33 GHz, and
communication systems. 45.8 GHz, as depicted in Fig.1(c). However, it could be
observed that the operational bandwidth of resonating
2 Antenna Design and Methodology frequencies become narrow. Thus, to improve the
impedance bandwidth of the antenna, an elliptical shaped
The proposed antenna was embedded on the top side of patch was inserted. The antenna resonates at 44.5 GHz
Roger/RT Duriod 5880 having the relative permittivity of having a wide impedance bandwidth (|S11| < -10dB) of 9.8
2.2 and loss tangent of 0.0009, as shown in Fig.1(a). The GHz ranging from 42.4 GHz to 52.2 GHz. On the other
overall dimensions of the proposed antenna are 15mm × hand, it was observed that return loss significantly
15mm × 0.79mm (AY × AX × H). The rear side of the increases at the lower resonance around 27 GHz, as
antenna was covered by copper which acts as a ground depicted in Fig.1(c). Hence, in order to improve the
plane for the propagating element, as depicted in Fig.1(b). reflection coefficient at the desire lower frequency of 28
The dimensions of the various parameters of the proposed GHz, a pair of orthogonal elliptical slots were etched from
antenna are as follow: FY = 0.4 mm; FX = 4.25 mm; R1 = the center of radiator. The internal radius and aspect ratio
0.75 mm; R2 = 1.4 mm; R3 = 4 mm; R4 = 5.5 mm. of the slots were to optimize to get the best possible
results. The final antenna exhibits dual-band at 28.2 GHz
and 44 GHz having impedance bandwidth (|S11|<-10dB)
of 5.3 GHz (25.9 – 31.2 GHz) and 10.5 GHz (41.8 – 52.3
GHz), respectively. The final antenna was further
optimized using parametric analysis to achieve best
possible results.

3 Results and Discussion

The numerical analysis of the proposed work was
performed using electromagnetic solver Higher Frequency
Structural Simulator (HFSS) using an appropriate
radiation boundary. Various performance parameters of
(a) (b) the antenna including scattering parameter, gain and
radiation pattern was discussed in this section to show the
performance analysis of the work.

Fig.2(a) presents the reflection coefficient and gain of

the proposed antenna. The final design of the antenna
exhibits dual-mode operation having the central frequency
of 28 GHz and 44 GHz. The antenna offers an impedance
bandwidth (|S11|<-10dB) of 5.5 GHz (25.75 – 31.25 GHz)
at lower pass-band covering an entire bandwidth allocated
for 28 GHz global cellular communication (26.5 – 29.5
GHz). Additionally, a wide bandwidth of 10.9 GHz (41.5
– 52.4 GHz) was observed for upper pass-band that
(c) covers the majority portion of V-band, widely used for
Figure 1. Geometerical configuration of proposed satellite communication, radar and tracking applications.
antenna, (a) top-view, (b) side-view. (c) Various antenna
design steps and corresponding reflection coefficients Fig.2(a) also presents the peak gain of the antenna, it
graphs. could be observed that antenna exhibits a high gain of >
7.8 dBi in both pass-bands. However for the frequency
A number of steps and design methodologies involved bands where |S11|>-10dB, a decrement in gain is observed
in designing of the proposed antenna and their which is infact due to increase in return loss.

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 (c)
Figure 2. (a) Reflection coefficient and the peak gain of
the proposed antenna. Radiation pattern of proposed dual-
band antenna in E- and H-planes at operational
frequencies of, (b) 28 GHz and (c) 45 GHz.

The radiation patterns of the proposed antenna at

central frequency was presented in Figs.2 (b) and (c). The
antenna exhibits a broadsight radiation pattern in principle
E-plane (Φ = 00) while a slightly titled radiation pattern
was observed in principle H-plane (Φ = 900) for 28 GHz,
as depicted in Fig.2(b). On the other hand, at 45 GHz the
antenna exhibits broadsight radiation pattern in both E-
(a) and H-planes, as depicted in Fig.2(c).

Table.1 presents the comparison of the proposed work

with state-of-the-art. Although, most of the antennas offer
compact size as compared to the proposed work but they
have set back including narrow bandwidth and low gain.
Thus, the proposed dual-band antenna offers a good
combination of compact size, wide bandwidth, and
radiation gain in comparison to the existing works.

(b) (c)

Table 1. Comparison of proposed work with literature.

References Dimension (mm2) Operating Frequencies (GHz) Bandwidth (GHz) Gain (dBi)
[4] 6.2 × 7.25 24, 35, 71 1.3, 3.5, 4 4.4, 3.6, 5.6
[5] 10.5 × 7.9 28, 60 1.69, 5.63 7.7, 7.4
[6] 5×5 28, 38 4.78, 4.16 6, 6.5
[7] 7×7 25, 50 0.44, 1.32 6.7, 8.1
[8] 16 × 16 28, 38 No Info 15.6, 10
[9] 19 × 19 10, 28 0.27, 1.02 5.5, 8
[10] 10 × 5 45, 57, 66 No Info No Info
[11] 3.4 × 4.127 24, 28, 38 0.5, 1, 0.5 6.6,7,5
[12] 20 × 20 15, 23, 32 1.9, 2.8, 3.7 4, 3.9, 6.8
[13] 25 × 15 38, 60 1.3, 2.4 6.5, 5.5
This work 15 × 15 28, 44 5.5, 10.9 8.6, 9

4 Conclusion 5. Acknowledgments
A compact dual-band antenna for 5G and mm-wave This work is partially supported by RTI2018-095499-
communication system with relatively larger bandwidth B-C31, Funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y
coverage is investigated in this research article. The Universidades, Gobierno de España
antenna was designed by using two circular patches along (MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE).
with an elliptical shape patch. To further improve the
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