~1

UNIT QUESTION

What are current

trends in architecture?
A Discuss these questions with your classmates.
1. Think about a city you know well. Which buildings are
the most attractive? The most unattractive?

2. How important is it for a city to have beautiful architecture?

3. Look at the photo. What

kind of building is it?
What do you think of
the building?
 @ B Listen to The Q Classroom online. Then answer
these questions.

l. How does Sophy describe modern architecture?

What is her opinion of it?

2. Does Marcus agree with her? Why or why not?

iQ1.m91rn1 C Go online to watch the video about architect Frank Gehry

and the museum he designed for the city of Bilbao in Spain.
Then check your comprehension.

basket case (n.) someone who is

extremely nervous or stressed
evolution (n.) the process of change
and development over time
innovative (adj.) describing something
new that uses new ways of thinking
masterpiece (n.) an artist's best piece
of work
miracle (n.) something wonderful and
impossible to explain
self-conscious (adj.) worried about
what other people will think about you

iQc.Wft!WI D Go to the Online Discussion Board to discuss the Unit Question

with your classmates.
 E Circle the statement (a orb) that you agree with the most. Then compare
your answers with a partner.

1. a. Buildings should be sustainable and energy-efficient.

b. Buildings should be beautiful.

2. a. TI1e buildings in a city should have a similar style.

b. The buildings in a city should be very different from one another.

3. a. I prefer traditional architecture from 100 years ago or more.

b. I like modern architecture.

4. a. I pay lots of attention to the architecture in my city.

b. I never notice the architecture of the buildings around me.

5. a. Working in architecture is an interesting career.

b. Working in architecture is not an interesting career.

F Do you notice the architecture around you? Do this activity to find out.

1. Think about a building in your city or a famous building most people

know about. What does it look like? Complete the chart. Include as much
information as you can.

Name of building:

Features of building: Description:

Style: modern? traditional?

Materials: brick? steel? concrete?

Function: office building? apartment building? school? home?

2. Work with a partner. Describe the building to your partner. Use the information
in the chart. Have your partner guess which building you described.

3. Listen to your partner describe a building. Which building is your partner

describing?

4 UNIT 1 I What are current trends in architecture?

Note-taking;Skilt . Identifying key words
When you take notes, write only key words-the most important words. Don't
spend time writing little words like of, the, and, etc. These are some ways to
identify key words as you listen:
• Listen for repeated words. These often point to the main idea.
• Focus on words that the speaker defines. If a speaker takes time to say what
a word means, it's probably important.
• Listen for words the speaker emphasizes by saying them more slowly or a
little louder.

A. Read the paragraph that introduces a podcast titled "Careers in

Architecture." Underline the most important words. The words career
opportunities are underlined as an example.

You may not be aware of it, but there are a variety of career opportunities in
the field of architecture. Being an architect is, of course, the first one everyone
thinks of, but there are many others. So if you are creative and have a good
visual imagination, consider one of these careers.

f) B. Listen as the speaker describes three different careers in architecture.

Write the important words. Does the speaker repeat any of the words
you underlined in Activity A?

A landscape architect's plan

C. Compare notes with a partner. Which words did you write? Why?

iQc.Wft!Wil D. Go online for more practice with identifying key words.

I Listening and Speaking 5

1"1[ ....

..& .. ~
:;i... .... ' ~
LISTENING

LISTENING 1 Modern Architecture

You are going to listen to a conversation between two newspaper

journalists, Vicky and Julia. Vicky has to write a story about architect Oscar
Valerian's design for the city's new library. As you listen to the conversation,
gather information and ideas about the current trends in architecture.

PREVIEW THE LISTENING

A. VOCABULARY Here are some words from Listening 1. Read the
sentences. Then match each underlined word with its definition below.

_A_ 1. Energy-efficient houses are a new architectural trend. Many people

want them now.

_ 2. Five years ago, no one knew who he was. Now he's a celebrity. His
name is in the newspaper every day.

_ 3. That's the most ridiculous idea I've ever heard. It will never work.

_ 4. Bill told a joke at dinner last night. We all laughed very hard.

_ 5. Driving a car without wearing a seatbelt is risky. You can get hurt
in an accident.

_ 6. The person who wrote the article was critical of the book. He didn't
like it at all.

_ 7. He's an experienced journalist. He works for an important

newspaper company.

_ 8. I admire Elaine very much. She's a great author and a very nice
person.

a. (verb) to respect someone very much

b. (noun) a famous person
c. (adjective) saying that something is bad or wrong
i;f'. (noun) a popular idea or change
e. (noun) a thing that someone says that is funny, not serious
f. (noun) a person who collects, writes, and publishes news
g. (adjective) very silly or unreasonab le
h. (adjective) dangerous

6 UNIT 1 I What are current trends in architecture? ~ Oxford 3000'" words

 iQc.mfi!~lijJ B. Go online for more practice with the vocabulary.

C. 1@;1\!J!\lllJ
You are going to listen to a conversation between Vicky and
Julia about an archictectural design. Work with a partner. What key
words do you think you will hear in the conversation? Make a list.

WORK WITH THE LISTENING

f) A. LISTEN AND TAKE NOTES Listen to the conversation. Write the key words
you hear. Leave space on the page to add more notes later. Here are
some words to help you get started.

the new city library

architect

plan = ridiculous?

@ B. Listen again. Add more information to your notes.

C. Check (.f} the two statements that express main ideas in the
conversation.

_ 1. Julia is writing an article about the president's speech.

_ 2. Vicky thinks that there are some serious problems with the plans for
the new library.

_ 3. The mayor and members of the city council were at the meeting.

_ 4. People are sometimes afraid to criticize a new style or trend because

of what other people may think.

@ D. Answer the questions. Then listen and check your answers.

0 for Success
1. What does Vicky say the new library design looks like?
Many students
are nervous abo ut
listening . Re lax! If
you are nervous or
stressed, it's more 2. How many people were at the meeting?
difficu lt to listen
and understand
what you hear.

~ I Li stening and Speaking 7

 3. Did people laugh when they saw the plans?

4. What does Vicky think about the architect's plans?

5. What do people in the town think of Oscar Valerian's work?

6. Why does Vicky feel that it is important to be critical of the library design?

7. What advice does Julia give Vicky about her article?

8. Will Vicky follow Julia's advice? What do you think?

E. Who said it? Mark each statement as J (Julia) or V (Vicky).

_ 1. I can take a break. What's up?

_ 2. I don't know what to say.

_ 3. You're joking.

_ 4. I thought it was a joke, but it wasn't.

_ 5. We need a bigger building with lots of room for books and

computers.

_ 6. This architect is sort of a celebrity.

_ 7. For one thing, you're going to make a lot of people unhappy.

_ 8. I need to give my honest opinion of the plans for the library even if
it's risky.

8 UNIT 1 I What are current trends in architecture?

 F. Work with a partner. Continue Julia and Vicky's conversation. Follow
these guidelines. Then present your conversation to the class.

Julia: Give Vicky three suggestions for things she can say in her article.
After each suggestion, give Vicky time to answer.

Vicky: Agree or disagree with each of Julia's suggestions. Explain why.

Example:
Julia: You can say that the ball is a good modern design, but it doesn't look
good in the neighborhood.
Vicky: Hmm. I don't know. That isn't really what I think. (OR That's a great idea .
That doesn't sound so critical.)

(Note: You can use your own names instead of the names Julia and Vicky.)

SAY WHAT YOU THINK

Discuss the questions in a group.

Critical Thinking 0 1. Do you think that architects should follow the latest trends? Why or why
not? Give examples.
Question 1 asks you
to give examples.
Giving examples is
2. What architectural styles do you admire? What kinds of buildings do you
a way to show you dislike?
understand an idea.
3. A famous architect said, "Buildings should serve people, not the other way
around." What do you think this means? Do you agree? Why or why not?

, Listening Skill Listening for main ideas

The main idea is the most important thing the speaker wants you to understand.
Focus on understanding the main idea first. Listen for repeated ideas. Pay
attention when a speaker emphasizes a sentence. Don't stop to think about
words you don't understand. Keep listening.

@ A. Listen to a short presentation on trends in furniture design. Check (.I')

the sentence that best states the speaker's main idea.

_ 1. Many furniture makers these days are using recycled materials.

__ 2. Trends in furniture design in the 21st century are similar to trends in

building designs.

__ 3. People sometimes feel nostalgic when they remember things they saw
in their grandparents' homes.

~)~ I Listening and Speaking 9

 @ B. Listen again. Work with a partner. Discuss the questions.

1. Which of these words from the Listening did you NOT understand?
Circle them.

deforestation echoed gadgets impact

nostalgia notable stuff vintage

2. Why was it possible to understand the main idea without knowing these
words?

3. What examples did the speaker use? How did they help you understand
the main idea?
;QC.WW!il C. Go online for more practice with listening for main ideas.

LISTENING 2 I Sustainable Architecture

You are going to listen to part of a college architecture class. The instructor
is leading a discussion of something called sustainable architecture. As you
listen to the discussion, gather information and ideas about the current
trends in architecture.

PREVIEW THE LISTENING

A. VOCABULARY Here are some words from Listening 2. Read their
definitions. Then complete each sentence.

benefit (noun) ,f a good or useful effect of someth ing

combination (noun) ,f two or more things mixed or joined together
eco-friendly (adjective) not harmful to the environment
economics (noun) ,f the financial element of something; how it involves money
forest (noun) ,f a large area of land covered with trees
relationship (noun) ,f a connection between two or more people
roof (noun) ,f the structure that covers the top of a building
sustainable (adjective) using natural materials and energy in a way that can
continue without harming the environment

,f Oxford 3000"' word s

10 UNIT 1 \ What are current trends in architecture?

 I. They're studying the of the fashion industry. They
want to know how much people spend on clothes and how this affects
business in the area.

2. Look at all the water on the floor! I think there is a hole in the

3. Electric cars are more than cars that use gas.

4. Sandra and I have a good . We understand each other

very well.

5. One of a job with an airline company is that you can

travel for free.

6. People are cutting down a lot of trees to build houses. This activity is not
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . Soon there will be no more trees!

7. Behind our house, there is a small _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with a variety of

trees and other plants.

8. This is a new flavor. It's like a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of orange and banana.

I like the way they taste together!

iQc•l§i!Wil B. Go online for more practice with the vocabulary.

WORK WITH THE LISTENING

@ A . LISTEN AND TAKE NOTES Listen to the discussion. Write the key words
you hear. Leave space on the page to add more notes later. Here are
some words to help you get started.

sustainable architecture

relationship

environment

I Listening and Speaking 11

 @ B. Listen again. Add more information to your notes.
C. Read the questions. Circle the correct answers.
0 for Success 1. What is sustainable architecture?
Keep your notes a. architecture that uses traditional methods to build modern buildings
very short. Write
only sing le words or b. architecture that tries not to harm the environment
short phrases to he lp c. architecture that uses a lot of different materials
you remember an
idea. Then complete 2. Do the students mention any economic benefits of sustainable
your notes with
more information. architecture?
a. Yes, they say it creates jobs for builders.
b. No, they say it is a more expensive way to build.
c. Yes, they say it saves on energy costs.

3. Which of these is NOT true of sustainable architecture?

a. It is encouraging architects to create new and attractive building
designs.
b. It is good for the environment, but the buildings are kind of boring.
c. Buildings can be sustainable, economical, and also beautiful at the
same time.

@ D. Read the questions. Circle the answer that best completes each statement.
Then listen again and check your answers.

1. 111e instructor believes that __ .

a. it is important to build sustainably, even if it is more expensive
b. sustainable architecture needs to be economical and good for the
environment
c. sustainable architecture has no economic benefits

2. Rafi says that solar-energy systems_.

a. are expensive, but they save money in electric bills
b. are cheaper to put in than other systems
c. will increase people's electric bills

3. Kim says that the Vertical Forest (Bosco Verticale) is_.

a. a tall apartment building with a forest around it
b. a large public park in the middle of Milan
The Vertical Forest
(Bosco Verticale) c. two apartment buildings with trees on all the balconies

12 UNIT 1 I What are current trends in architecture?

 4. The trees in the Vertical Forest
a. make the apartments hot and dark
b. clean the air and keep the apartments cool
c. are going to be a problem for the people in the building

5. At the end of the class, the instructor does NOT _ _ .

a. give the students a test on the lecture
b. review the important points of the discussion
c. give the students homework for the next day

E. Work with a partner. The graph below describes the increase in the use
of green roofs in North America. Discuss the questions.

1. How much did the use of green roofs in North America increase between
2004 and 2012?

2. When did the biggest increase occur?

3. Why do you think green roofs are becoming more popular?

4. Do you know of any buildings in your community that have a "green

roof"?

Estimated Growth of the North American Green Roof Industry

20

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Ill
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Ill :.:
0
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RI
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0
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5
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0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Source: Green Roofs for Healthy Cities, Annual Green Roof Industry Survey for 2012
www.greenroofs.org

iQc.Wfi!§ll\ F. Go online to listen to Burj Khalifa and check your comprehension.

~ I Listening and Speaking 13

 SAY WHAT YOU THINK
A. Discuss the questions in a group.

1. What are some other ways architects can design sustainable buildings and
homes?

2. Is living in a sustainable home important to you? Why or why not?

B. Think about the video, Listening 1, and Listening 2 as you discuss the
questions.

1. What are some trends in modern architecture? What different trends did
Listening 1 and Listening 2 suggest?

2. How modern is the city you live in? How sustainable is the architecture?

3. Imagine a world without creative architects. What would our cities look
like?

0 for Success
Collocations are groups of words that are commonly used together. One type of
collocation is the verb + noun combination.
Look at the words
around a word you The word web shows verbs often used with the noun home and with other related
don't know. They words.
can help you find
the meaning of
the new word.
go
I go home after class and
watch TV with my family.

build design
I plan to use recycled - - - - home Nowadays, most
materials when I architects use
build my home. computers to
design homes.

14 UNIT1 I Whatarecurrenttrendsinarchitecture?
 A. Read the sentences. Underline the verbs used with the noun trend.

1. Hey, your shoes look cool! I'm going to get some, too. We can start a trend.

2. Franco doesn't like to follow architectural trends. His buildings follow a

classical style.

3. I wasn't trying to set a trend. I rode my bike to work because I missed the bus.

4. More and more people are driving cars, even for short distances. I want to
stop the trend. I'm going to start walking everywhere I go.

5. Buildings in my city are getting more energy efficient. I hope architects

continue this trend.

B. Complete the word web. Use the words you underlined in Activity A.

1. 2.
start

trends

3. 5.

4.

iQt.W!lfoil C. Go online for more practice with noun and verb collocations.

I Listening and Speaking 15

 I[

,. ......~f~!.:~
...... l'J·
SPEAKING

UNIT At the end of this unit, you are going to participate in a role-play of a news
OBJECTIVE
conference about a new office building in your community. As you speak,
you will need to highlight your main ideas.

~~ The present continuous

The present continuous describes actions that take place at the moment of speaking.
Affirmative Negative

base for~rb + ing base form of verb+ ing

l I am eating dinner.
T~
subject form of be
We are not studying for a test right now.
I~
subject form of be

The present continuous also describes actions that take place around now, but not
exactly at the moment of speaking. The actions continue for a period of time. Look for
clue words and phrases like today, this week, this year, and always.
Affirmative Negative

base form of verb + ing base form of verb+ ing

l She is finishing her homework today.

-r- ~
subject form of be
They are not watching TV this week.
~~
subject form of be

A. Write sentences. Use the present continuous. Then read your sentences
to a partner.

1. My cousin I study I architecture at university

My cousin is studying architecture at university.

2. Mark I attend I the conference on sustainability I today

3. We I discuss I modern architecture I this week

4. Right now I Professor Martin I talk I to some students

16 UNIT1 I Whatarecurrenttrendsinarchitecture?
 @ B. Listen to the conversations. Do they describe actions that are happening
now or actions that are happening around now? Write HN (happening
now) or AN (happening around now).

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

iQc.msma C. Go online for more practice with the present continuous.

D. Go online for the grammar expansion.

Interjections are short words, phrases, or sounds that people use when they
speak. Interjections often express feelings. For example, Wow! is an interjection
that usually indicates surprise or excitement.
Wow! That dress is fantastic! I love it.

The meaning of an interjection often depends on the speaker's intonation. For

example, Oh! can express different emotions, as in these examples.
Oh! I didn't know you were coming. (happiness)
Oh! I failed my driving test again. (disappointment)
Oh! Someone parked their car right behind us. Now we can't get out. (anger)

Other common interjections are well and yeah.

@ A. Listen to the sentences. Two different speakers will read each one. Answer
the questions. Check (~) the correct speaker.

1. Well, I think this is the right answer.

Which speaker sounds more uncertain?

_Speaker 1

_Speaker2

) I Li sten ing and Speaking 17

 2. Yeah, and after we finish this project, we're going to do another one.

Which speaker sounds more excited?

_Speaker 1

_Speaker 2

3. Yeah, I lost my presentation.

Which speaker sounds more disappointed?

_Speaker 1

_Speaker 2

4. Oh! Mr. Lombardi is going to be in Tokyo next week.

Which speaker sounds happier?

_Speaker 1

_ Speaker2

iQc,J§ifiWI) B. Go online for more practice with interjections and intonation.

Speaking Skill Drawing attention to main ideas

When you speak, help listeners understand your main ideas.
Repeat an important idea with different words.

[
Buildings should serve people, not the other way around. In other words,
architects should remember the real, practical purpose of a building as they
design it.

• Use phrases for emphasis .

The key point is that buildings should serve people, not the other way
[ around.

• Summarize the main ideas of the presentation .

To sum up, architects should consider both the form and function of a
[ building.

18 UNIT 1 I What are current trends in architecture?

 A. Read the lecture "Is Archictecture Art?" Underline an example of
each strategy from the Speaking Skill box. Write 7, 2, and 3 near the
underlined text.

Is Architecture Art?
Think for a minute about the word to hurt us in some way. Other bui ldings
architecture. What words do you think of? provide spaces for people to come together
Maybe you thought of building materials , for public meetings , concerts, or sporting
styles, or different shapes and colors. events . In other words, arch itecture is a
How many of you thought of art? useful art. We want the buildings we move
In fact, architecture is an art. Artists around in every day to be beautiful , but
use shapes and co lors in their work. they also have to be safe and comfortab le.
Artists also use different materials To sum up, architecture is a form of
and work in different styles . Th ey make art. It is creati ve and uses many of the
drawings with pen or pencil. Th ey paint same elements that artists use. People
with waterco lor or oils . Some artists' work look at buildings and admire or criticize
is very modern, yet others still prefer more the way they look, just as they do with
traditional styles. People have different artwork. But a bui lding also has to be
opinions about both works of art and useful and practical.
architecture.
The key point is, however, that there
is a difference between architecture
and other art forms. People have to live
and work in the bu ildings that architects
design. We don 't have to " live" in a
painting. Our homes protect us from the
weather. They keep us warm in the winter
and dry when it rains. They protect us
from other dangers on the outside-for
example, other people who might want The Scottish Parliament Building

B. Work in a group. Choose one of the following statements and talk about
it to the group for one minute. Give examples and draw attention to the
main ideas. Take turns.

I. I would like to live in (an old I a very modern) house.

2. Being an architect is a creative and interesting career.

3. I think that _ _ _ _ _ ___ is the most beautiful building in our

community.

;ql•W!WJ/ C. Go on line for more practice with drawing attention to main ideas.

) / Listeni~g and Speaking 19

 Unit Assignment Role-play a news conference

In this section, you will play the role of either an architect or a journalist
at a news conference. The architects are presenting plans for a new
office building in the main business district of your city. Journalists are
questioning the architects about the plans for the building. As you prepare
your role-play, think about the Unit Question, "What are current trends
in architecture?" Use information from Listening 1, Listening 2, the unit
video, and your work in this unit to support your role-play. Refer to the
Self-Assessment checklist on page 22.

CONSIDER THE IDEAS

@ Listen as the head architect starts a news conference about the new office
building. Answer the questions.

1. Why does the city council support the building?

2. What questions are critics asking?

20 UNIT 1 I What are current trends in architecture?

 PREPARE AND SPEAK
A. GATHER IDEAS Think about the questions journalists might ask and the
information the architects will need for the news conference. Make notes
about these topics. Use your own ideas.

Topic Notes
size of building How tall is the building'? (12 floors)
---+--
energy use

parking
---- - - -- ---
location I neighborhood
---------
interior of building I uses

landscaping I green roof

B. ORGANIZE IDEAS Work in groups of five or six, if possible. Assign each

person the role of either journalist or architect, at least two for each role.
Journalists: Meet and prepare questions for the interview. Use your notes
from Activity A to help you.
Architects: Meet and consider the questions journalists might ask.
Prepare answers. Use your notes from Activity A to help
you. Remember, the architects are all working on the same
building. They have to agree.
C. t1Qifil3Role-play the news conference. Choose one of the architects to be
the leader. As you do the role-play, think about news conferences you see
on TV. Refer to the Self-Assessment checklist on page 22 before you begin.

1. During the news conference, . . .

• journalists raise their hands to ask questions.
• the leader calls on journalists.
• each journalist should ask at least one question.
• each architect should answer at least one question.
• journalists take notes to use when they write their reports.

2. Present your role-play to the class.

iQc.>mWil Go online for your alternate Unit Assignment.

I Listening and Spea king 21

 CHECK AND REFLECT
A. AO:A3 Think about the Unit Assignment as you complete the
Self-Assessment checklist.

SELF-ASSESSMENT

D D I was able to speak easily about the topic.

D D My partner, group, class understood me.
D D I used the present continuous.
D D I used vocabulary from the unit.

D D I drew attention to main ideas.

D D I used intonation to express feelings.

iQ1.mua11 B. rnUH•• Go to the Online Discussion Board to discuss these questions.

1. What is something new you learned in this unit?

2. Look back at the Unit Question- What are current trends in architecture?
Is your answer different now than when you started this unit? If yes, how is
it different? Why?

22 UNIT 1 I What are current trends in architecture?

TRACK YOUR SUCCESS

Circle the words you have learned in this unit.

Nouns journalist ,f Adjectives

benefit ,f ~ relationship ,f critical ,f
celebrity roof ,f eco-friendly
combination ,f trend ,f ~ ridiculous ,f
economics ,f ~ Verbs risky
forest ,f sustainable ~
admire ,f
joke ,f

,f Oxford 3000'M words

~ Academic Word List

Check (.I) the skills you learned. If you need more work on a skill, refer to
the page(s) in parentheses.

NOTE TAKING
• I can identify key words. (p. 5)
LISTENING
VOCABULARY
•• I can listen for main ideas. (p. 9)
I can use noun and verb collocations. (p. 14)
GRAMMAR
PRONUNCIATION
•• I can use the present continuous. (p. 16)
I can use interjections and intonation. (p. 17)
SPEAKING
• I can draw attention to main ideas. (p. 18)

UNIT llrii...llrii...llrii...llrii...
OBJECTIVE • I can gather information and ideas to role-play a
news conference about a new office building.

I Listening and Speaking 23