16 Tar Commands to Compress and
Extract Files in Linux
April 12, 2018LINUX COMMANDS, LINUX HOWTOUpdated April 12, 2018
Tar is a command line tool used to create and manipulate archive files in
Linux and Unix systems. Tar can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, and
ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create respective archives.
Below is a list of commonly used tar options.
- j : Used to filter archive through bzip2.
- v : Run the command in verbose mode to show the progress of archive
file.
- f : Specify archive filename.
- W : Used to verify an archive file.
- z : Filter an archive through gzip tool.
- t : This is used to view the content of archive file.
-c : Create a new archive containing the specified items.
-r : Used for appending or updating existing archive with files or
directories
-t : List contents of an archive on stdout.
-u : Like -r, but new entries are added only if they have a modification
date newer than the corresponding entry in the archive.
-x : Extract archive file to disk.
For all tar operations, the utility exits with a 0 on success, and >0 if an error
occurs. It is important to understand this if you're using tar with a script.
Let's see tar in action through examples.
Create Archives with tar
1) Create uncompressed archive (.tar) with tar
To create an uncompressed tar, use the command syntax:
$ tar -cvf /path/to/foo.tar /path/to/foo/
Where /path/to/foo.tar is the location of resulting tar file, and /path/to/foo is
the location of the file or directory to use as input. E.g
$ tar -cvf powerlog.tar powerlog
a powerlog
$ ls
powerlog powerlog.tar
You can use an absolute path instead of relative shown in the example.
2) Create a .gz archive with tar
The command syntax to create a .gz archive with tar is:
$ tar -czvf /path/to/foo.tgz /path/to/foo/
Where /path/to/foo.tgz is the destination compressed file, and /path/to/foo/
is source directory or file to be compressed.
3) Create a .bz2 archive
The option -j is used to work with .bz2 archives.,
$ tar -cjvf /path/to/foo.tgz /path/to/foo/
4) Create a .gz archive and exclude all jpg,flv...
from the tgz
We use --exclude tar option to exclude a specific extension or list of file
extensions. The syntax is similar to below:
$ tar -czvf /path/to/foo.tgz --exclude=\*.{jpg,gif,png,wmv,flv,ta
r.gz,zip} /path/to/foo/.
5) Use tar with no absolute path on compress
When using tar to compress files and you provide an absolute path, a
compressed file will have a full path in its metadata, So when you extract
the content, it will be in directories similar to the absolute path that was
passed. To avoid this, add a . at the end of the command.
$ tar -zcvf /path/to/foo.tgz -C/path/to/foo .
6) Create a tar archive of everything in the
current directory starting with an “i”
# tar -cvf fullbackup.tar i*
install.log
install.log.syslog
7) Above command archived only those files,
which starts from i.
Append a file or add a new file to existing tar archive.
# tar --append --file=backup.tar anaconda-ks.cfg
The above command will append an anaconda-ks.cfg file in the backup.tar
archive
8) Adding two archive files with concatenate
option.
# tar --concatenate --file=backup.tar fullbackup.tar
The above command adds the content of the fullbackup.tar to backup.tar
archive.
Extract Archive with tar
9) Extract an uncompressed archive with tar
To extract an uncompressed archive which often has an extension .tar, the
command syntax is:
$ tar -xvf /path/to/foo.tar
Where /path/to/foo.tar is the absolute/relative path to the location of a tar
file. E.g
$ tar -xvf powerlog.tar
x powerlog/
10) Extract a .gz archive
To extract a .gz archive, we use the command syntax:
$ tar -xzvf /path/to/foo.tgz
Where /path/to/foo.tgz is the absolute or relative path to the compressed
file.
11) Extract a .bz2 archive
The command syntax to extract a .bz2 archive is
$ tar -xjvf /path/to/foo.bz2
Note that you can pass a .tgz file as long as it was compressed with a -
j option. tar will auto-detect the format and uncompress it.
12) Extract a .tar in specified Directory
To extract a tar archive to a specific directory, use -C option to provide
destination directory.
$ tar -xvf /path/to/foo.tar -C /path/to/destination/
13) Extracting the file from the tar archive
# tar --extract -vv --occurrence --file=./backup.tar anaconda-ks.
cfg
-rw-r--r-- root/root 766 2008-04-12 06:52:42 anaconda-ks.cfg
The above command extracts the anaconda-ks.cfg file in the backup.tar
archive.
List Archive contents with tar
14) List the content of a .gz archive
Suppose you only want to view the contents of a .tgz file without extracting
them, you'll use the command syntax:
$ tar -ztvf /path/to/foo.tgz
Just replace /path/to/foo.tgz with correct path of your .tgz file
15) List the content of a .bz2 archive
If you would like to just view the content of .bz2 archive without extracting,
use the command:
$ tar -jtvf /path/to/foo.tgz
16) How to preserve symbolic links using the tar
command
Use tar -cvhf to preserve my symbolic links when generating a tar
archive (Use the option “h” for that).
Tar is one of the commands that are often used in Linux/Unix world, from
software installation, backups, file sharing, file encryption/decryption
process. Mastering tar will help you a lot when administering Linux/Unix
systems.
Linux Commands, tar Command
About Josphat Mutai
Red Hat Certified Engineer with more than 2 years experience managing critical Cloud
Infrastructures and Services. Passionate about Technology and loves testing and reviewing
gadgets and Open-source tools.
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