42. A 13S-KV, SO-MVA, 0.9-power-factor-lageing, 0-H, fourpole Y-connected synchronous generator has ‘a synchronous reactance of 2.5 © and an armature resistance of 0.2.0. At 60 He. its fiction and windage losses are 1 MW, and its core losses ane 1.5 MW. The field circuit has a de voltage of 120 V, and the ‘maximum J, is 10 A. The current of the field circuit is adjustable over the range from 0 0 10.. The ‘OCC of this eenerator is shown in Figure P4-1, Open couture 8 | ae | é 1 2 es eT Feit cuneat a) (a) How much field current is requited to make the terminal voltage V7 (or line voltage ¥/,) equal to 13.8 kV when the generator is running at no load? (&) What is the internal generated voltage E,, of this machine at rated conditions? (c) What is the phase voltage V, ofthis generator at rated conditions? (a) How much field current is required to make the terminal voltage V, equal to 13.8 KV when the ‘generator is running at rated conditions? (e) Suppose that this generator is running at rated conditions, and then the load is removed without ‘lianging the field current. What would the terminal voltage of the generator be? How much steady-state power and torque must the generator’s prime mover be capable of supplying to handle the rated conditions? (a) Ifthe no-load terminal voltage is 13.8 KV. the required field current can be read directly from the ‘open-circuit characteristic. It is 3.50 A. wo This generator is Y-connected, so 7, = I,. At rated conditions, the line and phase current in this ‘generator isP___SOMVA __ 499) 4 atan angle of -25.8° N37, V3(13800V) ‘The phase voltage of this machine is 7,=1,/J3=7967V. The intemal generated voltage of the ‘machine is E,=V,+Rd,+ iXdy E,, = 796720" + (0.20 ©) (2092.2 25.8° A) + j(2.52)(20922-25.8° A) EB, =1SH223.1° V (c) The phase voltage of the machine at rated conditions is V, = 7967 V From the OCC. the sequited field cumrent is 10.4. (a) The equivalent open-circuit terminal voltage corresponding to an E,, of 1154 volts is Voge = V3(11544 V) =20 kV From the OCC, the requited field current is 10 A, (e) Ifthe load is removed without changing the field current, 7, = E, =11544 V. The comesponding ‘terminal voltage would be 20 KV. (P The input power to this generator is equal to the output power plus losses. The rated output power is Poyy =(50 MVA)(0.9)=45 MW 3(2092 A)'(0.2.2)=2.6 MW Pays = (assumied 0) Pay = Pau + Pog + Peay + Pag + Pygy = 50.1 MW ‘Therefore the prime mover must be capable of supplying 50.1 MW. Since the generator is a four-pole 60 He machine, to must be turning at 1800 r/min. The required torque is Py, 50.1 MW x (1800 vin) (2H =) sitar 265,800 Nem Ta44. Assume that the field current of the generator in Problem 4-2 is adjusted to achieve rated voltage (13.8 KV) at full load conditions in each of the questions below. (a) What isthe efficiency of the generator at rated load? () What is the voltage regulation of the generator if it is loaded to rated Kilovoltamperes with 0.9- PF-lagging loads? (e) What is the voltage regulation of the generator if it is loaded to rated Kilovoltamperes with 0.9- PF-leading londs? (@) What is the voltage regulation of the generator if itis loaded to sated kilovoltamperes with unity power-factor loads? ‘Souviion (a) This generator is ¥-connected. so 1, ‘generator is J, At rated conditions, the line and phase current in this SOMVA, N3¥, V3(13800V) Ua 192 A at an angle of -25.8° The phase voltage of this machine is ¥,=V; //3=7967 V. The internal generated voltage of the machine is E,=V,+RL+ NA, E, =7967 20° + (0.20 9)(251-36.87° A) + (2.5 0)(20922-25.8° A)E. 4 =11S44.223.1° V ‘The input power to this generator is equal to the output power plus losses, The rated output power is Pax =(50 MVA)(0.9)=45 MW 3I2R, =3(2092 A)'(0.20)=2.6MW Fay = MW P,=15 MW Pag = (assumed 0) Py = Par + Pay + Peay + Bae + Peay = 501 MW = SMW 100% = 89.8% 301 MW (®) If the generator is loaded to rated MVA with lagging loads. the phase voltage is V,=796720° Vand the internal generated voltage is E,=11544223.1° V. Therefore, the phase voltage at no-load would be V, =1154420° V. The voltage regulation would be yR = SM 7967 109995 = 44.9% (0) If the generator is loaded to rated KVA with leading loads, the phase voltage is V, = 796720° Vand the intemal generated voltage is E,=V,+RU, +i, 7967 20° + (0.20 0)(2092225.8° A)+ j(25 0)(2092225.8° A) 71932388 V (a) If the generator is loaded to rated KVA at nity power factor, the phase voltage is V, = 796720" Vand the internal generated voltage is E,=V,+ Rd, + IML, E,, = 7967209 + (0.20 0)(209220° A) + j(2.5 )(209220" A) E, = 9883232" V The voltage regulation would be: 1 = 9883-7967. 9gp, 2494 VR = 110% = 240 (e) For this problem, we will assume that the terminal voltage is adjusted to 13.8 KV at no load conditions, and see what happens to the voltage as load increases at 0.9 lagging, unity. and 0.9 leading power factors. Note that the maximum current will be 2092 A in any case. A phasor diagram representing the situation at lagging power factor is shown below:By the Pythagorean Theorem, Eg =(V,+ Ryl,,cos0+ Xo1, sind) +(Xs1,c0s0—Ryl sind)” [pce cdo Ra? ; ¥,= Es RyLc0s0-Xy1,sin8 In this case, @ = 25.84° so cos@=0.9 and sin@ = 0.6512 A phasor diagram representing the simuation at leading power factor is shown below: By the Pythagorean Theorem, Eg =(V,+Ryl,cos0— X,1,sin) +(X1,c0s0+R,L,sin 8)" A 1,c080+R,l,sind)’ ~ R,1,c0s0+ X,1,sind In this case, 9 =—25.84°, so cos@=0.9 and sin =-0.6512 A phasor diagram representing the simation at unity power factor is shown below: M Vy RA By the Pythagorean Theorem, olay °.so cos@=1.0 and sn@=0 In this case,46, ‘The intemal generated voltage E, of a 2-pole, A-connected., 60 Hz, three phase synchronous renerator is 144 KY, and the temminal voltage Vis 12.8 KV, The synchronous reactance ofthis machine is 4 9. and the armature resistance can be ignored. (a) IE the torque angle of the generator 6 atthe current time? 8°, how much power is being supplied by this generator (@) What isthe power factor of the generator at tis time? (o) Sketch the phasor diagram under these circumstances. (a) Ignoring losses in this generator, what torque must be applied to its shaft by the prime mover at these conditions? Sownox (a) Uresistaee is ignored, the ouput power fom this generator is given by pa Mes ys 1028 WV) LEAHY), x 40 ini8* 2.7 MW () The phase current flowing in this generator ean be calculated from E,=V,+ isl, _MAAAS® kV =12.820° kV A a 13S2-114 A ‘Therefore the impedance angle @ =11.4°, and the power factor is eos(I1.4°) =0.98 lagging (©) The phasor diagram is E,=Maas° Kv Ty =tossz-aa, (@) The induced torque is given by the equation Pas = Fas With no losses,