Pampanga State Agricultural University

Magalang, Pampanga

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

VALUES EDUCATION MODULE

Introduction
Your beliefs become your thoughts,
Your thoughts become your words,
Your words become your actions,
Your actions become your habits,
Your habits become your values,
Your values become your destiny.”
― Gandhi

Values are most important treasure of our country which has strong cultural, ethical,
moral, and spiritual foundations. This asset of values is passed from generations to generations
and is embodied in the heart and soul of lacks of people of our country. Values are regarded
desirable, important and held in high esteem by a particular society in which a person lives. Values
reflect one’s personal attitudes and judgements, decisions and choices, behaviour and
relationships, dreams and vision. They influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions. They guide
us to do the right things. Values are the guiding principles of life which are conducive to all round
development. They give directions and firmness to life and bring joy, satisfaction and peace to
life. Values bring quality to life. Values are manifested in the wide range of social spectrum. Values
decide the nature and characteristics of a society. Values decide the progress of any society,
nation and mankind. In his book ‘Ignited Minds ’ A.P.J Abdul Kalam, puts lot of emphasis on value
based society

For the society to prosper there are two importance needs. They are: prosperity through
wealth generation and cherishing the value system of the people. The combination of the two will
make the nation truly strong and prosperous.

Now a day we can see growth, progress and development in all spheres of the society.
Seemingly from outside everything seems to be fine and going on well. But if we do an analysis
and evaluation of our society we will come to know that there is a severe problem, with our
morality and values, which is needed to be rectified and to be renew. Misconception notion of
modernity and rapid growth of science and technology and subsequent industrialization have
caused a great threat and danger to our peace, morals and values. In changed social set-up our
definitions of good morals stand questioned. Human values and peace seem to be lost and man
become complacent on what is not acceptable. Interestingly, because of these problems in our
society there is now a public demand for values education at this point in our history were basic
many basic values have lost their relevance, especially amongst young people and moral decay
seem to be at its peak.

This course is designed to reorient the students on the essential values in transforming
the nation into a morally upright society. It gives emphasis on the four core values: Patriotism,
Integrity, Excellence and Spirituality (PIES). Furthermore, it aims to strengthen student’s sense
of nationalism, identity and promotion of common good. At the end of this course, the students
are also expected to exhibit sterling integrity and spirituality. Moreover, it will establish a strong
foundation and philosophy on students’ who will be agents promoting accountability, equality,
respect for life and justice.

PSAU
University Vision Mission

Expected learning Outcomes

Learnings Outcomes

1. Be oriented on the PSAU vision, mission and core values

2. Articulate the PSAU vision and mission
3. Comprehend the important of vision and mission in a institutions

The Big Questions

What are the factors that shape a University becomes center of excellence and standout among
others?

Activity

1. Asked the students to get hold a copy of PSAU vision and mission
2. Form a three groups in class
3. Asked each group to read, analysed the PSAU vision and mission
4. Make a comic strip, or campaign meme about their understanding of PSAU vision and
mission.
5. Presentation of outputs in the class.
What is a Vision, Mission and Core values?

A Mission Statement defines the institution, school and companies, objectives and its
approach to reach those objectives. A Vision Statement describes the desired future position of
the company. Elements of Mission and Vision Statements are often combined to provide a
statement of purposes, goals and values. However, sometimes the two terms are used
interchangeably.

As the quote from Jack Welch suggests, a vision is one key tool available to executives to
inspire the people in an organization. An organization’s vision describes what the organization
hopes to become in the future. Well-constructed visions clearly articulate an organization’s
aspirations. Example, Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and make it
universally accessible and useful (Edwards, 2012). Google expands on its mission by listing “Ten
things we know,” including “Focus on the user and all else will follow,” “It’s best to do one thing
really, really well,” and “Fast is better than slow” (Google Inc., 2014).

Core Values

They underpin the vision and mission, and are the “core beliefs or DNA” of the institution,
or business company. The “standards” of how the owner wants to operate the institution/ the
business. Whether it is how to treat customers and other employees, or what they strive for and
how employees want to feel when they work there. The importance of core values is seen in a
number of different ways. They help guide decision making. They inform customers about what
the institutions or business stands for, and what they can expect as a customer. And as an
institution or business they are valuable for recruiting and retention. Everyone in needs to
understand the core values. If they don’t they will become like another people or indifferent
because they will uphold their own values. Values use strong concrete language to make it clear
what your values mean and how they represent your institutions, company or business.

Therefore the importance of vision, mission and values so vital in one’s institution or business.
They become the very “foundations” upon which an owner will build a solid, sustainable and
growing business.

How Mission and Vision Statements work:

Typically, senior managers or senior official of the institution will write the overall Mission
and Vision Statements. Other managers at different levels may write statements for their
particular, unit, colleges, department, divisions or business units. The development process
requires managers to:

• Clearly identify the corporate culture, values, strategy and view of the future by
interviewing employees, suppliers and customers
• Address the commitment the firm has to its key stakeholders, including customers,
employees, shareholders and communities
 • Ensure that the objectives are measurable, the approach is actionable and the
vision is achievable
• Communicate the message in clear, simple and precise language
• Develop buy-in and support throughout the organization

Institution, school or university use Mission and Vision Statements to:

Internally

• Guide management’s thinking on strategic issues, especially during times of significant

change
• Help define performance standards
• Inspire employees to work more productively by providing focus and common goals
• Guide employee decision making
• Help establish a framework for ethical behaviour

Externally

• Enlist external support

• Create closer linkages and better communication with customers, suppliers and alliance
partners
• Serve as a public relations tool

Importance of vision and mission and core values

Together, the vision, mission, and values statements provide direction for everything
that happens in an organization. They keep everyone focused on where the organization is
going and what it is trying to achieve. And they define the core values of the organization and
how people are expected to behave.
Thus in our own university we have what we called the vision, mission and core values
This serve as the guiding post for everyone who are part of the institution.

PSAU MANDATE

The University shall primarily provide advanced education, higher technological,

professional instruction and training in the fields of agriculture arts and sciences, teacher
education, industrial technology and engineering, information technology, business
management and accountancy, non-traditional courses and other relevant fields of study. It
shall also undertake research, extension services and production activities in support of the
development of the Province of Pampanga and provide progressive leadership in its areas of
specialization (Sec. 2, RA 10605).

PSAU VISION:

To be the Premier Science and Agro-ecological University

PSAU GOAL:

To transform PSAU into an effective institution of higher learning for agroecological education
and allied fields, impact driven research, extension and entrepreneurship uplifting the welfare of
the people and nature.

PSAU CORE VALUES:

People-centeredness – Relevant and socially-responsive services

Systems thinking – Integrated, collaborative, and multi-disciplinary approach to local and global
issues and concerns
Accountability – Responsibility, trustworthiness, and efficiency in implementing programs
Unity – Solidarity, teamwork and harmony under the Almighty

PSAU DISTINCTIVE MAJOR PROGRAMS:

PSAU will pursue the following major programs with certain distinctive from the previous ones
as described below:

• Relevant and customized curricular programs

• Science and technology-based entrepreneurship-oriented curricular offerings for wider
economic opportunities.
• Demand-driven/Community-oriented R&D
• Major on applied, commercialization and resource conservation-oriented R & D.
• On-site technology promotion and transfer
• Package and transfer appropriate “technology mix”.
• Inputs production, quality control testing and commercialization
• Inputs production and commercialization generate basic farm inputs for increased and
sustainable production (improved germplasm, organic fertilizers, bio-control pesticides,
indigenous feeds, etc.)

PSAU STRATEGIC THRUSTS:

1. PSAU sets the following thrusts consistent to its roadmap towards achieving higher
academic and research excellence:
2. Pursue relevant, customized and demand-driven academic programs;
3. Intensify student services and development;
4. Develop and empower human resources;
5. Invest and diversify income-generating projects (IGPs);
6. Specialize on product development and agri-based commercialization;
7. Advance instruction, research, extension and technology commercialization through
linkages and networking;
8. Promote effective and efficient organizational culture through teamwork and harmony;
and
9. Upgrade instructional, research, extension and training facilities.
College of Arts and Sciences

Vision and Mission

Provide quality education to students taking courses in General Education and in the Arts and
Sciences programs to develop in them functional knowledge and skills and appreciation for the
arts, social, and the sciences

Summative Assessment

Designing your own vision, mission and goals in life.

You’re a typical teenager and you’re discovering the world around you. In order to what do want
in life, desire and to be who you are. Therefore, you need a guide for you realized these. Imagine
yourself 10-15 years from now? What kind of person you are? Your social environment, your
career and success in life

Your tasked is to design your own vision, mission statements and goals.

References:

Internet sources

https://www.psau.edu.ph/index.php/homepage/mission-and-vision
retrieved July 11, 2020

https://www.bain.com/insights/management-tools-mission-and-vision-statements/
retrieved July 11, 2020

https://opentextbc.ca/strategicmanagement/chapter/vision-mission-and-goals/
retrieved July 11, 2020

Books and Journals

Abrahams, Jeffrey. The Mission Statement Book: 301 Corporate Mission Statements from
America’s Top Companies. Ten Speed Press, 2004.

Collins, Jim, and Jerry I. Porras. “Building Your Company’s Vision.” Harvard Business Review,
September/October 1996, pp. 65–77.

Collins, Jim, and Jerry I. Porras. Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies.
HarperBusiness, 2004.

Jones, Patricia, and Larry Kahaner. Say It and Live It: The 50 Corporate Mission Statements
That Hit the Mark. Crown Business, 1995
 MODULE 1

VALUES EDUCATION

Values education provides an avenue for Filipino to identify the important qualities of each
individual as well the community and the country. It includes different levels of understanding of
values and morality. Today, the morality of the human person is far more important in
consideration in choosing wisely the proper values and action, to be promoted for the ultimate
purpose of human existence. As Filipino citizen, there is then a moral obligation that we are
privilege to do in our society and country.

General Objective

To identify the significance of values education proper for the individual person in
a particular society, especially in our own country.

Specific Objective

At theend the module, each student is expected to:

1.Define values
2.Differentiate Values from morals
3.Identify different kind of values
4.Identify freely the proper support and contribution to the different sectors in the
society; and
5. Contribute to the values and development of family, church, school and country.

All Filipino believe in the importance of values of human person and its effect in his action.
Because values consider as an important in choosing a decision which ultimately promote
human existence. We know that for a particular fact that the new ideas on values and morality
have merged because of modernity and continuous technological advances in sciences. This
had influenced the proper human values. In the past, it would be agreeable to consider the
idea of values to what is good, what acceptable and right behaviour or action.

All Filipino parents hope to pass on to their children the values and words of wisdom that
have been passed to them. They can do a lot of things for their value formation. But, no
matter how much the parents would like to inculcate the positive or right values, their
environment could influence their children since values are caught and not taught. Whatever
we have learned at home, in school, and in the environment are internalized within ourselves.
What if someone of is have learned negative values which is considered immoral, that’
where values education and morals comes in. The present study would consider the different
ideas of the terms values and morals and how they influence the action and thinking of the
individual Filipino citizen in the community.
Difference between morals and values.

Morals- is a standard of behaviour and it is the quality of human acts by which they are
constituted as good, bad or indifferent. That which is good is described as moral, that which is
bad is immoral, and that which is indifferent is amoral.

Values- are the ideals toward which personal behavioural conformity should be directed.
They are any object, activity, or frame of mind that a person considers to be very important to
his or her life.

Values also represent basic convictions that A specific mode of conduct or end-state of
existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-
state of existence.

Values is a judgmental element of what is right, good, or desirable

Value Attributes

• Values have both content and intensity attributes.

– The content attribute says that a mode of conduct is important.
– The intensity attribute specifies how important it is.

Value System

• Values are considered subjective and vary across people and cultures.
• Value System can be defined as based on a ranking of an individual’s values in terms of their
intensity.

Importance of Values

➢ Values lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation because they
influence our perceptions.

➢ Individuals enter organizations with notions of what is right and wrong with which they
interpret behaviours or outcomes

➢ Values generally influence attitudes and behaviour

Sources of Values:

• Individual
• Economic
• Friends
 • School
• Family
• Religion
• Media

Types of Values

Terminal/ Objective Values

Desirable end-states of existence; the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her
lifetime. i..e..,

A comfortable life (prosperous life)

An exciting life (a stimulating active life)
A sense of accomplishment (a lasting contribution)
A world at peace (free of war and conflict)
A world of beauty (beauty of nature and the Arts)
Equality (Brotherhood, equal opportunity for all)
Family and security (taking care of love one’s)
Happiness (contentedness)
Inner harmony (Freedom form inner conflict)
Mature love (sexual and spiritual intimacy)
National security (protection for attack)
Pleasure (an enjoyable leisure life)
Salvation (saved internal life)
Self-Respect (Self-esteem)
Social recognition (respect, admiration)
Rue friendship (close companionship)
Wisdom (mature understanding of life)

Instrumental Values

Preferable modes of behaviour or means of achieving one’s terminal values.

Ambitious (hardworking, aspiring)

Broad minded (open-minded)
Capable (competent, effective)
Cheerful (light hearted, joyful)
Clean (neat, tidy)
Courageous (standing up on your own beliefs)
Forgiving (willing to forgive others)
Helpful (working for the welfare of the others)
Honest (sincere, truthful)
Imaginative (daring, creative)
Independent (self-reliant and self-sufficient)
Intellectual (Intelligent, reflective)
Logical (consistent, rational)
Loving (affectionate, tender)
Obedient (dutiful, respectful)
Polite (courteous, well mannered)
Responsible (dependable, reliable)
Self-control (restrained, self-discipline)

Four Categories off Values

1. Personal Values- are principle that define you as an individual. Personal values, such
as honesty, reliability, and trust, determine how you will face the world and relate with
people.

2. Cultural Values- like, the practice of your faith and customs, are principles that sustain
connections with your cultural roots. They help you feel connected to the larger
community of people with similar backgrounds.

3. Social Values- are principles that indicate how you relate meaningfully to others in
social situations, including those involving family, friends, and co-workers.

4. Work Values- are principles that guide your behaviour in professional contexts. They
define how you work and how you relate to your co-workers, bosses, and clients. They
also reveal your potential for advancement.

The Filipino Values

While values proceed from a sense of identity, of who we are, also define another aspect
of identity on what we aspire to become. When we speak of Filipino values, we give emphasis in
the tradition and culture of Filipinos. For this reason we often mention the familiar” ugaling pinoy”
expression.

Values underlying the behaviour as a Filipino:

1. PITY (awa)- a Christian virtue that encourages brotherly concern for another. It can be
circumvented as a result of “ Pakikiusap” or the “ Palakasan System.” It will make a
person sensitive to the needs of others. Awa also encourage dependency.

2. SHAME (hiya) – it regulates behaviour and brings adherence to standards. Although it

challenges people to do their best to avoid embarrassment (mapahiya). It will make them
sensitive and withdrawn. Some people who are put to shame before other people can be
violent and may nurture ( pagtataniman ng sama ng loob) grudge.
 3. GETTING ALONG (pakikisama) – it promotes unity and will help fight inferiority
complex. On the other hand, it breeds nepotism and turns to something negative when
collaboration is extended even when doing something wrong, such as gambling and
drinking. “ Pakikisama” will corrupt weak –willed people.

4. GRATITUDE (utang na loob) –it stimulate generosity and working together, but often
abused and used as wedge to make one cooperate in illegal activities. It can make people
feel forever indebted and inferior to the people who have done them good favour.

5. PRIDE ( amor propio) is sensitivity to personal affront set off when a remark or action
strikes at some highly valued attributes. While it protects the person, it often triggers the
desire to avenge himself. If vindication fails, the “ amor propio” becomes a source of great
discouragement and loss of initiative.

6. INDIRECT SPEECH – likewise confuses other people. It is used to avoid hurt and
embarrassment. Because of this, responses become unclear causing miscommunications.
Indirect speech also raises false hopes in the other person.

7. SMOOTH INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (SIR) used to avoid hurting or

embarrassing people. It is expressed through “ pakikisama”, the use of euphemisms and
“palakasan” (lobbying) system. Negative result; SIR, can make a person repress his
emotions for prolonged period resulting to” sama ng loob” (personal grudges).

Values that deter progress:

1. REGIONALISM – what causes regionalism in the Philippines is the natural

geographical division of the country by water and mountain ranges. Regionalism
can lead to “ palakasan” (lobbying) or nepotism when supported by particularism
which in turn, makes possible graft and corruption.

2. FAMILISM – makes separation more painful and loneliness being separated more
harrowing. It holds people back from standing to the truth because it would hurt
the family. This also to those in foreign land to be too generous, wasting hard
earned money to buy “pasalubong” when they return home.

3. COLONIAL MENTALITY –this type of thinking bred from the caparice of the “
meztizos” ( halfbreed) who saw themselves as superior to the brown –skinned
Filipinos and therefore, deserve something better. This will make Filipinos an easy
prey to multinational corporations who bring in products from abroad and
 maximize the use of media to” create” the need for them. In the light global
competition among economies in the present times, our colonial mentality will be
the first one to kill our industries.

4. “ RELAX LANG” MENTALITY- is due to the concept of time as cyclic rather

linear. Filipino mentality believes that time does not pass, but will return therefore,
we can wait. It is high time that the Filipino “manana habit” (procrastination) be
corrected as they often cause good plans to be shelved and good opportunities to be
loast.

5. “ NINGAS COGON” ( wait and see attitude) –because of lack of perseverance,

lots of projects that have been started but never been completed. It does not only
waste precious time and money, but worst, it breeds distrust among people who
have found reasons to say “ walang kahihinatna.”

6. “ WALANG BIGAYAN/WALANG LAMANGAN” –this promotes distrust, envy

and jealousy because we cannot accept that somebody else has outdone us or has
been promoted in office. This can result to backbiting which may destroy another’s
reputation. This can cause a person to lose his job.

7. KEEPING UP WITH THE “ SANTOSES” –living beyond one’s means in order to be

like somebody else or live like someone else often cause corruption among workers.

8. SPLIT-LEVEL CHRISTIANITY- Filipinos are known to be religious but at the same time,
they are strong believers of superstitions. While worrying about unimportant things
because they will get embarrassed and they don’t care about big issues because nobody
complains anyway.

BASIC FILIPINO VALUES

While values proceed from a sense of identity, of who we are, they also define another
aspect of identity on what we aspire to become. When we speak of Filipino Values, we give
emphasis in the tradition and culture of Filipinos. For this reason we often mention the familiar “
ugaling pinoy” expression

Our saying and doing of values give us then an identity that is guided by national interest
compatible with national values( our own experience of values). In fact, in our 1987 Constitution
we can find an explicit presentation of these national values. Beginning with Preamble, that which
most meaningfully links the subject ( the sovereign Filipino people) and objective that justify
verbs (ordain and promulgate) is the participial phrase “ imploring the aid of Almighty God.” This
phrase connotes the Belief in One God of the Filipinos—which is the first and foremost value
we must regard.
From this basic values of belief in God and dependence on His help are founded the values
of Truth, Justice, Freedom, Love, Equality or Justice, Integrity, and Peace. These values
go hand in hand with the identity of a Filipino meaningless each without the other.

The other values of modern Filipino are:

➢ Solidarity
➢ Community Spirit
➢ Love of others
➢ Knowledge
➢ Love of country
➢ Responsible Citizenship
➢ Fear of the Lord
➢ Courage
➢ Industry
➢ Nurturing
➢ Faithfulness
➢ Faith

THE FILIPINO CITIZEN AS IT CONFORMS WITH THE FAMILY, CHURCH,

SCHOOL AND GOVERNMENT

Of course, as a citizen of any country, the individual person is a member of large group
comprising of different institutions (Family, Church, School, and Government). By becoming
part of each these institutions (Institution, that is, a set of activities which society adopts as its
deliberately accepted method of attaining desirable end), the person also shares with the ideas,
aspiration and goal of its member.
But if we want to understand society and social life better, it is important to know first the
Family which is the nucleus of Civilization. What we learn from the family is developed more by
the other institutions.
Test Your Knowledge

Name:________________________________________Date:________________

Course: ______________________________

Fill in the blanks:

1. A Christian virtue that encourage brotherly concern for another is

called__________

2. A type of thinking bred from the caprice of the half-breed who saw themselves as
superior to the brown skinned Filipinos is called___________________

3. Living beyond one’s means in order to be like somebody else or live like someone
else often cause corruption among workers, this negative Filipino value
called______________.

4. Used to avoid hurt and embarrassment and it confuses other people is a negative
value called_______________.

5. A sensitivity to personal affront set off when a remark or actions strikes ar some
highly valued attributes is called_______________________.

6. Regulates behaviour and brings adherence to standards is called______________.

7. The first and foremost value a Filipino must regard is ____________________.

8. Principle that guide the behaviour in professional context is called____________.

9. Ideals that guide or qualify your personal conduct, interaction with others, and
involvement in your career is called _______________________.

10. The quality of human acts by which they are constituted as good, bad, an =d
indifferent is called_____________________.

Answer the following briefly

1. How do you define values?

2. Write at least 10 values that you possess and rank them according to what you think is
important to you?
3. Do you agree that using “ po” and “opo” and kissing the hands of our parents are signs
of respect and therefore should be preserve? Why?
4. Do you believe in the that” King ano ang puno ay siyang bunga” explain
5. Explain” Values are caught and not taught”
 MODULE 2

PATRIOTISM AND NATIONALISM

The country is ourselves and the land where we live and the land where we live. It is
patriotic to love our country. It also a moral duty because the fulfilment of our social nature
requires it. We cannot be self- sufficient in everything. Our human destiny is intertwined with that
of others. The study of Patriotism and Nationalism explains the concept of our country’s
distinctness from other nations in intellectual, social, cultural, economic, political and moral
matters. It establish the identity of every citizen as patriot and as a national of one’s own history,
politics, ethics and biology.

General Objective

To be familiar with the nature and development of patriotism and nationalism as they
influence the feeling, commitment and loyalty of every individual for one’s own country.

Specific Objectives

At the end of the session, each student is expected to:

1. differentiate patriotism from nationalism;

2. manifest actions of patriotism and nationalism
3. Enumerate the Filipino character traits where one can discover the various pattern of the
Filipino that reflects the development of nationalism ; and
4. Clarify the issues and problems which concern patriotism and nationalism.

What is Patriotism?

Patriotism is a feeling of love and devotion to one’s own homeland (Patria, the land of
one’s fathers). Generally, any selfless act that directly benefits the nation is considered patriotic.
Perhaps the clearest example is the act of risking death in the battle.
Symbolic act are also often considered to be patriotic. Such acts would include displaying the
national flag, singing the national anthem, participating in a mass rally, placing a patriotic bumper
sticker on one’s vehicle, or any other way of publicly proclaiming one’s allegiance to the nation.
It seems possible, in fact, that there are two meanings for the phrase “patriotic act.” In
the broad sense, a patriotic act is any selfless act that benefits the nation, irrespective of
motivation. And in the narrow sense, a patriotic act is a selfless act that is especially motivated
by patriotic feelings.
The Ethics of Patriotism

Different people have different opinions about whether patriotism is morally good. Often
these opinions vary according to what sort of patriotism is involved. Some instances of patriotism
induce almost universal admiration. To give just one of many possible examples in 1940, A
number of Dutch soldiers gave their lives in a hopeless cause attempting to defend the proper
country. This act would be considered by almost everyone to be a clear case of selfless, admirable
patriotism.
Throughout history, various governments have invoked patriotism feelings to support to
support military aggression, arbitrary imprisonment of aliens, and even murder, acts considered
evil by most individual. It can often be difficult to determine whether in admiring a particular act
of patriotism, we are admiring patriotism, or itself, or rather the selflessness that patriotism often
inspires.

Idea of Patriotism and………

………Religion. Throughout history, Patriotic has often been associated to religion. At various
points in history, particularly in time of war, various relations of religion and patriotism have
prevailed.

……….History. Levels of patriotism in all nations have varied through…history, and it is an

intriguing puzzle for historians why this should be so. We could say that democratic government
is a cause of patriotism; the same also with those tyrannical system of the government which
became the cause of patriotism.

……….Politics. Patriotism can be both for and against the current government of a nation.
Supporters of the current government may hold the opinion that patriotism implies support of
one’s government and its policies, and that opposition to the government to policies result to
treason. But at other times, rebellion against a corrupt government may be justified as
an act needed to save the nation, and likewise it is motivated by patriotism.

Patriotism and Related Concepts

➢ Patriotism is sometimes linked with ethnocentrism that is the belief in the inherent
superiority of one’s own people. However, in the case ethnocentrism, the people.
However, in the case of ethnocentrism, the people in question need not form a
nation but can be a smaller of large unit. Moreover, the term ethnocentrism is
generally used negatively, whereas the term patriotism is quite often used
positively.

➢ The word Chauvinism denotes a narrow- minded and thoughtless but impassion
dedication to a particular cause, and thus is always used negatively. The cause
can be or any kind, but the term can also refer to national chauvinism that is a
negative characterization of patriotism.
 ➢ It is also sometimes problematic to distinguish between patriotism and
nationalism, as some people tend to use nationalist as a near –synonym for
patriot. However, nationalism also has a particular meaning expressing a desire
among a people to form an independent nation.

What is Nationalism?

Nationalism…….

➢ It is devotion to one’s nation, its interest etc..

➢ It is the advocacy of national independence.
➢ It is a moral value that sums um one’s love for the country and countrymen.
➢ It is a concept of what the nation is, what it can be, and what ought to be.
➢ It is recognized and accepted duty to help develop and to help defend one’s
nation so conceived.

In considering the idea of Filipino nationalism, we could notice the impact

of our customs and traditions which gave rise to this vocal devotion for the love
not only of the country but even of the Filipino people.

In our history, beginning from the Spanish regime we could not already
regard the existence in the hearts of Filipinos this nationalistic spirit. An example
is the martyrdom of GomBur-Za. The Filipinos resented the execution of the fathers
because they knew that they championed their rights. At this the people forgot as
one their tribal differences and regional barriers and joined together as one people
to fight for their common cause. The experiences of Gom-Bur-Za accelerate the
growth of Philippine nationalism.

Let us now enumerate some of the Filipino character traits where we can discover the various
behavioural pattern of the Filipinos that reflect their culture in the development on nationalism.

1. Propensity for gambling. The most scandalous of the Filipino character defects their
propensity of gambling. The Filipinos would bet for almost anything without considering
what would happen next day. But with this trait we could find a great effect on their being
nationalist.

2. Inveterately extravagant. The love for colourful fiestas, expensive clothes and
jewellery and joyful parties again describes this nationalist trait of Filipino.

3. Fatalistic in Their outlook in life. The so-called expression of “ Tadhana” brought them
to understand that whenever happens, good and bad, is due to fate. For this reason, the
future would be supported by the expression “ bahala na.”
 4. Lack of Discipline and perseverance. This is expressed in the vernacular term “ ningas
cogon” –that is, the short –lived flame of the cogon weeds.

5. Hospitable. It is not only to Filipinos that they express this trait but even to foreigners

6. Close family ties and extended family structures. Apart from their loyalty their close
relatives they also adopt in the family the “kumapadre” and “kumara”

7. Gratitude. This is show their gratefulness to those who have given them favors.

8. Cooperativeness. The help extended to one another people is the ancestral trait from
the concept of “ bayanihan”.

9. Bravery. it is obvious from the wars undergone by our ancestors against the different
invaders of our country. With faith and courage they peacefully triumph over the invaders.

10. Passionately Romantic and Artistic. As they affected by their cultures and traditions,
they are not only fierce in battle but also ardent in love. For this reason, we could find
many great poets, musicians, singers and artist in the country.

11. Intelligent. In the survey made by scholars, Filipino have quick perceptions, retentive
memory and aptitude which make them the most teachable persons.

12. Adaptability, Endurance and Resiliency. Even if you bring a Filipino to other nations
you could find these traits to exhale in the Spirit of a Filipino. They say that Filipino has
the durability of the narra and resiliency of the bamboo.

13. Deep Spirituality Yearning and Gift of Faith. The Filipino tends to take his spiritual
obligation with utmost devotion. It is the area of religion where the Filipinos has a great
calling.

The concept of a national culture, the, is not only the summation of the past but it describes
the needs of the Filipino people which describes most their expression of values in accepting the
duty and devotion to our country. Furthermore, to be more concrete in modelling Patriotism,
Filipinos imbedded it in the constitution, in the Flag and in every heart of Filipinos.

Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines

Republic Act No. 8491 otherwise known as the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines
states that reverence and respect shall at all times be accorded the flag, the anthem, and other
national symbols which embody the national ideals and which express the principles of
sovereignty and national solidarity.
Republic Act No. 8491

Republic of the Philippines

Congress of the Philippines Metro Manila
Tenth Congress

Third Regular Session

Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday the twenty-eighth day of July, nineteen hundred
and ninety-seven.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8491

AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE CODE OF THE NATIONAL FLAG, ANTHEM, MOTTO, COAT-OF-ARMS
AND OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES OF THE PHILIPPINES.

Be it enacted by the Senate and Home of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress

assembled:

SECTION 1. Short Title — This act shall be known as the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the
Philippines.”

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy - Reverence and respect shall at all times be accorded the flag,
the anthem and other national symbols which embody the national ideals and traditions and
which express the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity. The heraldic items and devices
shall seek to manifest the national virtues and to inculcate in the minds and hearts of our people
a just pride in their native land, fitting respect and affection for the national flag and anthem, and
the proper use of the national motto, coat-of-arms and other heraldic items and devices.

SECTION 3. Definition of Terms — Whenever used in this Act, the term:

a. “Military” shall mean all branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines including the Philippine
National Police, the Bureau of Jail Management and

Penology, and the Bureau of Fire Protection;

b. “Festoon” shall mean to hang in a curved shape between two points as a decoration;

c. “Flag” shall mean the Philippine National Flag, unless stated otherwise;

d. “Fly” shall mean the part of the flag outside the hoist or length;

e. “Symbol” shall mean any conventional sign which reveals man’s achievement and heroism (for
orders and decorations), identification, authority and a sign

of dignity (for coat-of-arms, logo and insignia);

f. “Half-Mast” shall mean lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the top and bottom
of the staff;

g. “Hoist” shall mean the part of the flag nearest the staff or the canvass to which the halyard is
attached;

h. “Inclement Weather” shall mean that a typhoon signal is raised in the locality;

i. “National Anthem” shall mean the Philippine National Anthem’

j. “Official Residences” shall mean Malacañang, and other government-owned structures where
the President resides, and other structures occupied by the

Philippine Consulate or Embassies abroad;

k. “Places of Frivolty” shall mean places of hilarity marked by or providing boisterous merriment
or recreation; and

l. “Institute” shall mean the National Historical Institute.

CHAPTER 1

THE NATIONAL FLAG

A. Design of the National Flag

SECTION 4. The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, white and red with an eight-rayed golden-
yellow sun and three five-pointed stars, as consecrated and honored by the people.

B. Hoisting and Display of the National Flag

SECTION 5. The flag shall be displayed in all public buildings, official residences public plazas,
and institutions of learning everyday throughout the year.

SECTION 6. The flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night throughout the year, in front
of the following; at Malacanang Palace; the Congress of the Philippines building; Supreme Court
building; the Rizal Monument in Luneta, Manila; Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite; Barasoain
Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan; the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Libingan ngmga Bayani; Mausuleo
de los Beteranos dela Revolucion; all International Ports of Entry and all other places as maybe
designated by the Institute.

The flag shall be properly illuminated at night.

SECTION 7. The flag shall also be displayed in private buildings and residences or raised in the
open flag-staffs in front of said buildings every April 9 (Araw ng Kagitingan); May 1 (Labor Day);
May 28 (National Flag Day) to June 12 (Independence Day); last Sunday of August (National
Heroes Day); November 30 (Bonifacio Day); and December 30 (Rizal Day); and on such other
days as may be declared by the President and/or local chief executives. The flag may also be
displayed throughout the year in private buildings or offices or raised in the open on flag-staffs
in front of private buildings: Provided, that they observe flag-raising ceremonies in accordance
with the rules and regulations to be issued by the Office of the President.

SECTION 8. All government agencies and instrumentalities, and local government offices,
government-owned corporations and local government units are enjoined to observe Flag Day
with appropriate ceremonies. Socio-civic groups, non-government organizations and the private
sector are exhorted to cooperate in making the celebrations a success.

SECTION 9. The flag shall be flown on merchant ships of Philippine registry of more than one
thousand (1000) gross tons and on all naval vessels.

On board naval vessels, the flag shall be displayed on the flagstaff at the stern when the ship is
at anchor. The Flag shall be hoisted to the gaff at the aftermast when the ship is at sea.

SECTION 10. The flag, if flown from a flagpole, shall have its blue field on top in time of peace
and the red field on top in time of war; if in a hanging position, the blue field shall be to the
right (left of the observer) in rime of peace, and the red field to the right (left of the observer)
in time of war.

The flagpole staff must be straight and slightly tapering at the top.

SECTION 11. If planted on the ground, the flagpole shall be at a prominent place and shall be
of such height as would give the flag commanding position in relation to the buildings in the
vicinity. If attached to a building, the flagpole shall be on top of its roof or anchored on a sill
projecting at an angle upward.

If on stage or platform or government office, the flag shall be at the left (facing the stage) or
the left of the office upon entering.

SECTION 12. When the Philippine flag is flown with another flag, the flags, if both are national
flags, must be flown on separate staffs of the same height and shall be of equal size. The
Philippine flag shall be hoisted first and lowered last.

If the other flag is not a national flag, it may be flown in the same line yard as the Philippine
flag but below the latter and it cannot be of greater size than the Philippine flag.

SECTION 13. When displayed with another flag, the Philippine flag shall be on the right of the
other flag. If there is a line of other flags, the Philippine flag shall be in the middle of the line.

When carried in a parade with flags, which are not national flags, the Philippine flag shall be in
front of the center of the line.

SECTION 14. A flag worn out through wear and tear shall not be thrown away. It shall be solemnly
burned to avoid misuse or desecration. The flag shall be replaced immediately when it begins to
show signs of wear and tear.

SECTION 15. The flag shall be raised at sunrise and lowered at sunset. It shall be on the mast at
the start of official ‘office hours, shall remain flying throughout the day.

SECTION 16. The flag may be displayed:

a. Inside or outside-a building or on a stationary flagpoles. If the flag is displayed indoors on a
flagpole, it shall be placed at the left of the observer as one enters the room;

b. From the top of a flagpole, which shall be at a prominent place or a commanding position in
relation to the surrounding buildings;

c. From a staff projecting upward from the window sill, canopy, balcony or facade of a building.

d. In a suspended position from a rope extending from a building to pole erected away from the
building;

e. Flat against the wall vertically with the sun and stars on top; and

f. Hanging in a vertical position across a street, with the blue field pointing east, if the road is
heading south or north, or pointing north if the road is heading east or west. The flag shall not
be raised when the weather is inclement. If already raised, the flag shall not be lowered.

SECTION 17. The flag shall be hoisted to the top briskly and lowered ceremoniously.
The flag shall never touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, flood, water or other objects.
After being lowered, the flag shall be handled and folded solemnly as part of the ceremony.

C. Conduct of Flag Raising Ceremony

SECTION 18. All government offices and educational institutions shall henceforth observe the
flag-raising ceremony every Monday morning and the flag lowering ceremony every Friday
afternoon. The ceremony shall be simple and dignified and shall include the playing or singing of the
Philippine National Anthem.

SECTION 19. The office of the President upon the recommendation of the Institute shall issue
rules and regulations for the proper conduct of the flag ceremony.

SECTION 20. The observance of the flag ceremony in official or civic gatherings shall be simple
and dignified and shall include the playing or singing of the anthem in its original Filipino lyrics
and march tempo.

SECTION 21. During the flag-raising ceremony, the assembly shall stand in formation racing the
flag. At the moment the first note of the anthem is heard, everyone in the premises shall come
to attention; moving vehicles shall stop. All persons present shall :.ace their right palms over their
chests, those with hats

shall uncover, while those in military, scouting, security guard, and citizens military training
uniforms shall give :.-.£ salute prescribed by their regulations, which salute shall be completed
upon the last note of the anthem. The assembly shall sing the Philippine national anthem,
accompanied by a band, r available, and at the first note, the flag shall be raised briskly. The
same procedure shall be observed when the flag is passing in review or in parade.

SECTION 22. During the flag lowering, the flag shall be lowered solemnly and slowly so that the
flag shall be down the mast at the sound of the last note of the anthem. Those in the assembly
shall observe the same deportment or shall observe the same behavior as for the flag-raising
ceremony.

D. Half-Mast

SECTION 23. The flag shall be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning on all buildings and places
where it is displayed, as provided for in this Act, on the day of official announcement of the death
of any of the following officials:

a. The President or a former President, for ten (10) days;

b. The Vice-President, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of the
House of Representatives, for seven (7) days; and

c. Other persons to be determined by the Institute, for any period less than seven (7) days.

The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where the decedent was
holding office, on the day of death until the day of interment of an incumbent member of the
Supreme Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or the House of Representatives, and such other persons
as may be determined by the Institute.

The flag when flown at half-mast shall be first hoisted to the peak for a moment then lowered to
the half-mast position. The flag shall again be raised briskly to the peak before it is lowered for
the day.

E. Casket

SECTION 24. The flag may be used to cover the caskets of the honored dead of the military,
veterans of previous wars, national artists, and of civilians who

have rendered distinguished service to the nation, as maybe determined by the local government
unit concerned. In such cases, the flag shall be placed such the white triangle shall be at the
head and the blue portion shall cover the right side of the caskets. The flag shall not be lowered
to the grave or allowed to touch the ground, but shall be folded solemnly and handed over to the
heirs of the deceased.

F. Pledge to the Flag

SECTION 25. The following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine Flag:

Ako ay Filipino
Buong katapatang nanunumpa

Sa watawat ng Pilipinas

At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag

Na may dangal, katarungan at kalayaan

Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang

Maka-Diyos
Maka-tao

Makakalikasan at

Makabansa

Such pledge shall be recited while standing with the right hand palm open raised shoulder high.
Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit them from making such pledge must
nonetheless show full respect when the pledge is being rendered by standing at attention.

G. Flag Days

SECTION 26. The period from May 28 to June 12 of each year is declared as Flag Days, during
which period all offices, agencies and instrumentalities of government, business establishments,
institutions of learning and private homes are enjoined to display the flag.

H. Specifications of the National Flag

SECTION 27. The flag shall have the following proportions. The width of the flag, 1; the length
of the flag, 2; and the sides of the white triangle, 1.

SECTION 28. The technical specifications shall be as follows:

The blue color shall bear Cable No. 80173; the white color, Cable No. 80001 the red color, Cable
No. 80108; and the golden yellow, Cable No. 80068.

SECTION 29. In order to establish uniform criteria in the making of our national flag and to
guarantee its durability by the use of quality materials, the following standards and procedures
shall be observed:

a. All requisitions for the purchase of the Philippine National Flag must be based on strict
compliance with the deisgn, color, craftmanship and material requriements of the Government.

b. All submitted samples of flags by accredited suppliers offered for purchase for government use
shall be evaluated as to design, color and craftsmanship specifications by the Institute, through
its Heraldry and Display Section, which shall stamp its approval or disapproval on the canvass
reinforcement of the flag sample submitted. The samples shall be sent to the Institute by the
requisitioning office, not by the flag supplier; and

c. The Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI) or the Philippine Textile Research
Institute (PTRI) of the Department of Science and Technology

(DOST) shall evaluate the quality of material of all flag samples and certify whether the fabric for
the blue, white, red and golden yellow colors, including the

canvass submitted, conforms to government requirement as to quality of the material. The

samples shall be submitted by the said office to the Institute.

SECTION 30. All deliveries of the flags requisitioned by the government shall be inspected by the
requisitioning agency’s internal inspector and by the
Commission on Audit (COA) using the flag stamped approved by the Institute as reference.

SECTION 31. In carrying out its responsibilities under Section 4 hereof, the Institute, COA, the
ITDI/PTRI shall prepare guidelines to be approved by the

Office of the President.

SECTION 32. All government agencies and instrumentalities shall ensure that the requirements
under this Act with respect to the standards, requisitions and

delivery of the national flag are strictly complied with.

SECTION 33. All departments, agencies, offices, and instrumentalities of the government,
government-owned or controlled corporations, local government units, including barangays, shall
include in their annual budgets the necessary outlay for the purchase of the national flag.

I. Prohibited Acts

SECTION 34. It shall be prohibited

a. To mutilate, deface, defile, trample, on or cast contempt any act or omission casting dishonor
or ridicule upon the flag over its surface;

b. To dip the flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute;

c. To use the flag:

1. As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth

2. As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects;

3. As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles;

4. As a staff or whip;

5. For unveiling monuments or statues; and

6. As trademarks or for industrial, commercial or agricultural labels or designs.

d. Display the flag:

1. Under any painting or picture;

2. Horizontally face-up. It shall always be hoisted aloft and be allowed to fall freely;
3. Below any platform; or

4. In discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling joints and places of vice or
where frivolity prevails.

e. To wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform;

f. To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, advertisements, or imprint of any
nature on the flag;
g. To print, paint or attach representation of the flag on handkerchiefs, napkins, cushions, and
other articles of merchandise;

h. To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other diplomatic establishments,
and in offices of international organizations.

i. To use, display or be part of any advertisement of infomercial; and

j. To display the flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens.

CHAPTER II

THE NATIONAL ANTHEM

SECTION 35. The National Anthem is entitled Lupang Hinirang.

SECTION 36. The National Anthem shall always be sung in the national language v/ithin or without
the country. The following shall be the lyrics of the

National Anthem.
Bayang Magiliw Perlas ng Silanganan Alab ngpuio Sa Dibdib mo’y buhay.

Lupang Hinirang, Duyan ka ng magiting, Sa manlulupig Di ka pasisiil

Sa dagat at bundok,

Sa simoy at sa langit mong bugbaw,

May dilag ang tula

At awit sa paglayang minamahal.

Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y Tagumpay na nagniningning; Ang bituin at araw niya, Kailan pa
may di magdidilim

Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati’t pagsinta, Buhay ay langit sa piling mo; Aming ligaya napag may
mang-aapi, Ang mamatay nang dahil sa iyo.

SECTION 37. The rendition of the National Anthem, whether played or sung, shall be in
accordance with the musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe.

SECTION 38. When the National Anthem is played at a public gathering, whether by a band or
by singing or both, or reproduced by any means, the attending public shall sing the anthem. The
singing must be done with fervor.

As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand at attention and face the Philippine flag, if there is
one displayed, and if there is none, they shall face the band or the conductor. At the first note,
all persons shall execute a salute by placing their right palms over their left chests. Those in
military, scouting, citizen’s military training and security guard uniforms shall give the salute
prescribed by their regulations. The salute shall be completed upon the last note of the anthem.

The anthem shall not be played and sung for mere recreation, amusement or entertainment
purposes except on the following occasions:

a. International competitions where the Philippines is the host or has a representative;

b. Local competitions;

c. During “signing off” and “signing on” of radio broadcasting and television stations;

d. Before the initial and last screening of films or before the opening of theater performances;
and

e. Other occasions as may be allowed by the Institute.

SECTION 39. All officials and employees of the national and local governments, and any agencies
or instrumentalities thereof, including government-owned

or controlled corporations, privately-owned entities of offices displaying the national flag and
government institutions of learning are hereby directed to comply

strictly with the rules prescribed for the rendition of the anthem. Failure to observe the rules shall
be a ground for administrative discipline.

CHAPTER III

THE NATIONAL MOTTO

SECTION 40. The national Motto shall be “MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-TAO, MAKAKALIKASAN AT

MAKABANSA.”CHAPTER IV

NATIONAL COAT-OF-ARMS

SECTION 41. The National Coat-of-Arms shall have:

Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and gules; a chief argent studded with three (3) mullets
equidistant from each other; and, in point of honor, ovoid argent

over all the sun rayonnant with eight minor lesser rays. Beneath shall be the scroll with the words
“REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS,” inscribed thereon.
 CHAPTER V

THE GREAT SEAL

SECTION 42. The Great Seal shall be circular in form, with the arms as described in the
preceding section, but without the scroll and the inscription thereon.

Surrounding the whole shall be a double marginal circle within which shall appear the words
“Republika ng Pilipinas.” For the purpose of placing The Great Seal, the color of the arms shall
not be deemed essential but tincture representation must be used.

The Great Seal shall bear the National Motto.

SECTION 43. The Great Seal shall be affixed to or placed upon all commissions signed by the
President and upon such other official documents and papers

of the Republic of the Philippines as may be provided by law, or as may be required bv custom
and usage. The President shall have custody of the Great Seal.

CHAPTER VI

OFFICIAL SEALS AND OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES

SECTION 44. Any government entity, including the military, may adopt appropriate coat-of-arms,
administrative seals, logo, insignia, badges, patches, banners and initiate awards, citations, orders
or decorations, as may be authorized by the Congress or the Office of the President.

SECTION 45. Such hearldic devices and items shall be filed with the Institute for recording and
evaluation as to precedence, design, customs and traditions. The institute shall promulgate the
corresponding rules and regulations which shall be submitted for approval to the Office of the
President or to Congress.

SECTION 46. All government offices including the military are hereby ordered to purchase all
heraldic items and devices from manufacturers accredited and authorized by the Institute. Such
items and devices shall be subject to inspection by the purchasing agency’s internal inspector and
the COA representative using the design and specifications approved by the Office of the President
or by the Congress, through the Institute.

SECTION 47. No government official or employee shall accept any orders or decorations from any
foreign government without the consent of Congress, and without the prior evaluation and
documentation of such order or decoration by the Institute.
 CHAPTER VII
PENALTIES

SECTION 48. Failure or refusal to observe the provisions of this Act; and any violation of the
corresponding rules and regulations issued by the Office of the President shall, after proper notice
and hearing, be penalized by public censure which shall be published at least once in a newspaper
of general circulation.

The Department of Education, Culture and Sports and the Commission on Higher Education, upon
the recommendation of the Institute and after the proper notice and hearing, shall cause the
cancellation of the recognition of permit of any private educational institution which fails or
refuses to observe the provisions of this Act for the second time.

SECTION 49. The Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) and the Commission on
Higher Education shall ensure that the National Anthem, as adopted by law, shall be committed
to memory by all students of both public and private educational institutions, and performed
during the flag ceremony conducted in accordance with the rules and regulations issued by the
Office of the President. In addition, they shall make available the vocal, piano or band scores of
the National Anthem, as adopted by law, to all private and public schools, as well as he general
public.

SECTION 50. Any person or judicial entity which violates any of the provisions of this Act shall,
upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than Five thousand pesos (5,000.00) not more
than Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00), or by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year,
or both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court: Provided, That for any second
and additional offenses, both fine and imprisonment shall always be imposed: Provided, That in
case the violation is committed by a juridical person, its President or Chief Executive Officer
thereof shall be liable.

CHAPTER VIII

COMMON PROVISION

SECTION 51. The Institute shall issue the necessary-rules and regulations to implement the
provisions of this Act within ninety (90) days after effectivity. The Institute shall submit its rules
and regulations to the Office of the President and the Congress of the Philippines.

SECTION 52. The Institute shall also be responsible for the strict enforcement of the provision of
this Act. It may call upon any government department, agency, office, or government
instrumentality, including government corporations and local government units, for such
assistance as it may deem necessary for the effective discharge of its functions under this Act.

SECTION 53. Separability Clause— If any provision, or part hereof, is held invalid or
unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act not otherwise affected shall be valid and subsisting.
SECTION 54. Repealing Clause - Any law, presidential decree or issuance, executive order,
letter of instruction, administrative order, rule and regulation contrary to or inconsistent with
the provisions of this Act is hereby repealed, modified, or amended accordingly.

SECTION 55. Effectivity — This Act shall be effective fifteen (15) days from the date of its
publication in Official Gazette or in at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation.

Approved:

(Sgd.) JOSE DE VENECIA, JR.A (Sgd.) NEPTAL I A. GONZALES

Speaker of the House of Representatives President of the Senate

This Ace, which is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 630 and House Bill No. 2586 was finally
passed by the Senate and House of Representatives on

February 3, 1998 and February 6, 1998 respectively.

(Sgd.) ROBERTO P. NAZARENO (Sgd.) HAZEL P. GACUTAN

Secretary General Secretary of the

Senate

House of Representatives

Approved on February 12, 1998

(Sgd.) FIDEL V. RAMOS

President of the Philippines

 Furthermore, another aspect of patriotism and in order to realize it, as people and as
nation; Commitment, dedication and concern is necessary. The Cambridge dictionary defines
commitment as “a willingness to give your time and energy to something that you believe in, or
a promise or firm decision to do something.” Merriam-Webster defines it as “an act of committing
to a charge or trust” or “an agreement or pledge to do something in the future.” As seen by these
definitions, the meaning of commitment is varied. The following section will examine these
different meanings with examples.

Meaning 1:
Willingness to give your time and energy to something that you believe in, or a promise to do
something.

Everybody noticed her strong commitment to work.

It was the players’ commitment that helped us to win the match.
The boss thanked the staff for their commitment.
Her commitment to her job ruined her family life.

Meaning 2:
An agreement or pledge or obligation to do something

The rich has a commitment to help the poor.

He couldn’t attend the meeting due to some family commitments.
Work commitments restricted his time for recreation.
You might have noticed that the first meaning of the word is similar to the meaning of dedication.
Thus, commitment can be replaced with dedication in the first few examples. However, dedication
does not refer to a pledge or an obligation.

Dedication and commitment are two words that are often used interchangeably. However,
there are some instances where this interchangeability cannot be used. While both these words
refer to a strong feeling of loyalty and strong support for someone or something, commitment
can also refer to an obligation or a pledge. This is the main difference between dedication and
commitment. Dedication and commitment are not always interchangeable due to this difference.

The Importance of Dedication. The primary factor behind a successful person is his/her
level of dedication, which signifies the commitment of a person towards achieving objectives
and life goals. ... A person dedicated towards achieving his goals undertakes lots of
perseverance. A committed person is simply one who regularly keeps their commitments, what
he or she has signed up to do or not do. Sounds rather simple and straightforward, doesn't it? It
is, and it works remarkably well. Making a commitment involves dedicating yourself to
something, like a person or a cause. Before you make a commitment, think carefully.
A commitment obligates you to do something. Some commitments are large, like marriage
etc..
 How do yo stay committed?

1. Set goals. Before you can stay committed to your goals, you need to set goals. ...
2. Revisit your goals frequently. Setting goals isn't a “one and done” sort of deal. ...
3. Set routines. ...
4. Stay inspired. ...
5. Look at the big picture. ...
6. Stay accountable. ...
7. Don't burn out. ...
8. Stay the course

Let's look at each of Meyer and Allen's three types of commitment in greater
detail.
• Affection for Your Job (Affective Commitment) ...
• Fear of Loss (Continuance Commitment) ...
• Sense of Obligation to Stay (Normative Commitment) ...
• Managing Continuance and Normative Commitment.

What Does Dedication Mean?

Dedication is a feeling of very strong support for or loyalty to someone or something. An individual
can be dedicated to another individual, a group, a cause, etc. This strong support and loyalty
encourage individuals to spend their time and energy to that relevant cause or individual. For
example, an individual who is dedicated to his work will always give his time and energy to work
and an individual who is dedicated to religion will spend his time and energy by engaging in
religious activities.

The boss thanked the staff for their dedication and enthusiasm.
She has always shown great dedication to this cause.
His dedication to his duties was noticed by all.
The rescue team has shown a tremendous dedication to saving lives.

The definition of concerned is someone who is troubled, worried or anxious. Someone who
is very worried is an example of a person who would be described as concerned.

1. A feeling of worry or care about a person or thing concern for the poor a cause
for concern.
2. Something that causes worry or is regarded as important the students' safety is her
main concern.
3. Something that relates to or involves a person: affair this is not your concern.
COOPERATION, CONCERN and INTERDEPENDENCE
THE ACTIVE EXPRESSION OF UNITY

To cooperate is to operate, or work, together. No single living object in nature is

completely independent, and when this principle of interdependence becomes conscious and
purposeful, it finds its perfected expression in the principle of cooperation. Cooperation is
essentially a human characteristic and is based on the equal worth of every individual. Yet it is in
the human kingdom that this very factor of equality makes cooperation so unacceptable, for few
men will admit that their nation, their race, their class or family, is not superior to any other.
In order truly to work together, a recognition of the uniqueness of others and an appreciation of
what they have to contribute to the common effort is needed. Every individual is unique and
every race and nation has a unique contribution to make in producing the rich variety of humanity.
Every man, woman and child suffers, loves, hopes, fears and aspires. We are all capable,
whatever our race, nationality, religion, or class, of sacrifice and service, of joy and sadness.
The principle of cooperation should be born, not from condescension or patronage, but
from a recognition that in working with others for the common good we benefit mankind and,
thereby, ourselves. The main obstacle to such a recognition and willing cooperation is that,
initially, pride and the sense of superiority must be sacrificed. The subconscious fear must be
eradicated that in opening one's mind and heart to another, one may have to make an
uncomfortable adjustment which may be alien to all one's standards of behaviour, habits and
beliefs.
Cooperation exists today on many different levels and for many different motives. In many
cases it is based on individual and national self-interest. In war there is the cooperation of allies
for victory. In politics there is cooperation between nations, usually for the benefit of each
particular nation. In business there is cooperation between multi-national combines for the benefit
of those concerned.

However, the forces of globalisation are showing nations that the deeper a country falls
into poverty, the greater the danger it will be to the world community: for in failing to produce
its economic share of the world's goods, it becomes a burden on global resources. Moreover, it
is a potential source of instability and violence. Whether at home or abroad, the principle of
cooperation goes hand in hand with the principle of sharing. Sharing of responsibility, as well as
sharing physical resources, contributes to the quality of life and is an aspect of cooperation. In
industry, for example, we must realise that high quality goods and efficient production are not
solely dependent upon capital or management, but principally on the skill, the pride in work, the
enthusiasm and the goodwill of the men and women who produce the goods. As one enlightened
chairman has said: “The soul of a company lies in the hearts and minds of those employed in it;
and these have to be captured first if any results worth having are to be achieved.”
In education we have the same need for sharing and cooperation. To cooperate in the process
of world education every individual can be both pupil and teacher. He can be a pupil to whoever
possesses the knowledge and skills he needs and a teacher to those who need such knowledge
and skills as he possesses. Children can learn from their elders and can, in turn, increase their
own knowledge by teaching younger children.
 The community itself can be a constant source of knowledge to all, as all participate in
community life and communal service. And from the community every individual can widen his
awareness both outward into the world and inward into his own and his fellow's subjective
experience. Similarly, in government, all can contribute to the common good by exercising the
basic tenets of good citizenship – caring for and taking an active interest in the whole of society,
pursuing harmony and well-being for all, and respecting cultural and philosophical differences.
People in every nation and community can then participate actively and willingly in sharing the
responsibility for building a rich, varied and cooperative life for all. To cooperate is to give with
generosity, and also to receive with gratitude. In the coming new era, right human relations and
worldwide cooperation for the good of all will be the universal keynote. WITHOUT purpose, there
is no unity or fellowship. We connect to people because there is a God-given purpose that we
need to pursue not just as an individual but as a collective body – be it a common vision, goal or
destiny. Now, the question is what purpose do we stand for? What purpose do we live for? What
purpose do we work for? Without one GOOD clear purpose, vision and direction of where an
organization is going, unity and fellowship will be difficult to attain. There are principles in unity
and fellowship – not just mere connection through physical contact or communication.

The true unity and the almost genuine unity or false unity. We cannot fool ourselves and God
with external unity – seemingly working as one but internally forced to do a specific action to
show that one is united with others. No one is pleased with that, only the devil. It breeds lie and
hypocrisy. Other factors that destroy unity are envy, jealousy, pride, anger, hatred and bitterness.
True unity bears the fruits of inner and interdependent peace, joy, freedom, healing, patience,
kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and discipline more than productive physical
outputs. These must be our indicators so we can say we have true unity among us.

Let the words of apostle Paul to the Philippians be a reminder to us as we pursue true unity:

“Therefore if there is any encouragement and comfort in Christ as there certainly is abundance,
if there is any consolation of love, if there is any fellowship that we share in the Spirit, if there is
any great depth of affection and compassion, make my joy complete by being of the same mind,
having the same love toward one another, knit together in spirit, intent on one purpose and living
a life that reflects your faith in Christ Jesus. Do nothing from selfishness or empty conceit through
factional motives or strife, but with an attitude of humility being neither arrogant nor self-
righteous, regard others as more important than yourselves. Do not merely look for your own
personal interests, but also for the interests of others.”

Although, unity and cooperation is much needed we need not to forget that as a nation
we still work as individual human person. Thus, interdependence comes into play. We define it
as of interdependence is people, animals, organizations or things depending on each another.

Interdependence is mutual dependence between things. If you study biology, you'll

discover that there is a great deal of interdependence between plants and animals.
Inter- means "between," so interdependence is dependence between things. We often
use interdependence to describe complex systems. The relationship between a manager and his
employees is an example of interdependence.
Test Your Knowledge
Name______________________________________________ Date___________________

Course___________________________________

Fill in the blanks:

1. The feeling of love and devotion to ones own homeland is known as_______________.

2. Any selfless act that benefits the nation, irrespective or motivation___________________.

3. An act that includes displaying the national Flag, singing the national anthem and even
participating in a mass rally is called ___________________.

4. The belief in the inherent superiority of one’s own people is known_________________.

5. It denotes a narrow- minded and thoughtless but impassioned dedication to a particular

cause, and thus is always used negatively. This concept is known
as__________________.

6. A concept of what nation is, what it can be, and what it ought to be is called___________.

7. A Filipino that shows gratefulness to those who have given them favour is
called____________.

8. Lack of discipline and perseverance is expressed in the vernacular term as____________.

9. The martyrdom of__________________ during Spanish regime is an example of

nationalistic spirit within the hearts of Filipinos.

10. Ina survey made by scholars, Filipino have a quick perception. Making them the most
________________person.

Summative Assessment:
➢ Watch “Heneral Luna” on you tube to glimpse of Filipino Patriotism, commitment, unity
cooperation and interdependence?

Critical Reflection

1. What is Patriotism? How is this shown in the movie?

2. Would you think that commitment and dedication can limit us to be nationalistic and
display of true patriotism? Explained your answer.

3. How important is Patriotism to You? In this modern day, what is your idea of Patriotism?
 MODULE 3
Integrity

Integrity is a noun adherence to moral and ethical principles; soundness of moral

character; honesty. The state of being whole, entire, or undiminished: to preserve the integrity of
a country or nation. A sound, unimpaired, or perfect condition. A person who has integrity lives
his or her values in relationships with co-workers, customers, and stakeholders. Honesty and trust
are central to integrity. Acting with honor and truthfulness are also basic tenets in a person
with integrity.

Here Are 10 Behaviors That Signify Someone Has True Integrity

• Taking responsibility for their actions. ...
• Putting others' needs above their own. ...
• Offering to help others in need. ...
• Giving others the benefit of the doubt. ...
• Choosing honesty in all things. ...
• Showing respect to everyone. ...
• Manifesting humility.

Character traits related to integrity

• Gracious. Those with integrity are gracious when others provide assistance. ...
• Respectful. People with integrity value other people by showing them respect at work.
...
• Honest. Integrity requires honesty. ...
• Trustworthy. ...
• Hardworking. ...
• Responsible. ...
• Helpful. ...
• Patient.

It is perhaps the most important principle of leadership and dependent

on integrity because it demands truthfulness and honesty. ... Integrity means telling the truth
even if the truth is ugly. Better to be honest than to delude others, because then you are probably
deluding yourself, too
ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VALUES

In ethics and governance, accountability is answerability, blameworthiness, liability, and

the expectation of account-giving. As an aspect of governance, it has been central to discussions
related to problems in the public sector, non-profit and private (corporate) and individual
contexts. In leadership roles, accountability is the acknowledgment and assumption of
responsibility for actions, products, decisions, and policies including the administration,
governance, and implementation within the scope of the role or employment position and
encompassing the obligation to report, explain and be answerable for resulting consequences.

In governance, accountability has expanded beyond the basic definition of "being called
to account for one's actions". It is frequently described as an account-giving relationship between
individuals, e.g. "A is accountable to B when A is obliged to inform B about A's (past or future)
actions and decisions, to justify them, and to suffer punishment in the case of eventual
misconduct". Accountability cannot exist without proper accounting practices; in other words, an
absence of accounting means an absence of accountability. Another key area that contributes to
accountability is good records management.

Thus, Accountability eliminates the time and effort you spend on distracting activities and
other unproductive behaviour. When you make people accountable for their actions, you're
effectively teaching them to value their work. When done right, accountability can increase your
team members' skills and confidence. Furthermore, it can be said that Accountability also means
more than just doing our job. It includes an obligation to make things better, to pursue excellence,
and to do things in ways that further the goals of our organization. Being accountable means that
we are answerable for our actions and the actions of our teams, group and family.

Why Accountability is Important?

As aforementioned above accountability is crucial in almost organization and interpersonal

relationship. It is understandable why people desire greater accountability from others, because
it helps some good things happen. Those “good things” tend to fall into two big areas for leaders
– personal reasons and organizational reasons.

Personal Reasons

Let’s start by being a bit selfish. When there is greater accountability among your individual
members of society, our life as an individual and as leader gets easier. Who wouldn’t want their
work to be a little easier? Here are three reasons why things will be easier:

➢ Less blame. Accountable people spend less time and energy blaming others. The root of
blame is “it is their fault, not mine,” and accountability starts with “what can I do?”
Imagine a work day where you dealt with no blame…
 ➢ Less conflict. Conflict grows in waiting. When you do something to upset me, and I wait
for you to fix it, apologize, or change, it can be a long wait. When people are accountable,
they think about their part in the exchange, but are also willing to reach out and try to fix
or improve the situation.

➢ Less frustration. One of the reasons I get asked so many questions about accountability
is that people are frustrated with others. Read the questions in the opening paragraph
again. Do you hear the frustration with others? When we are accountable ourselves, we
take a step to improve matters, or, at a minimum, change our perspective about the
situation.

Organizational Reasons

Greater accountability isn’t just a nice to have attribute in a team. After all, it is nice if things
are easier with less frustration. But can greater accountability make a difference in organizational
results? Here are just three examples that prove the answer is a resounding “yes”:

➢ Better service. Think about your worst personal Customer service situation. What
percentage of the problem was a perceived lack of accountability in the people you talked
to? Did you hear blame about other departments (or your own actions)? Did you get “You
will have to talk to that department”? And conversely, think of a situation that started
poorly, but the company recovered well. Chances are, someone took responsibility to help
get you a better outcome.

➢ Higher quality. Quality improves with good work processes, but it also improves when
people care, take ownership, and are accountable for their work and products. While solid
processes are needed for high quality, the best processes alone cannot overcome a lack
of accountability among those doing the work.

➢ Higher productivity. Simply stated, when people are accountable for their work and
actions, they will get more done. The reasons are many, but the facts are irrefutable.
When you raise accountability, you raise productivity.

The reality is that accountability has an effect – it impacts results for the leader, for the
organization, for the team and individual team members, and the entire organization. Regardless
of which reasons are most important to a person’s perspective, time spent raising your personal
accountability, influencing others to raise theirs, or creating a cultural norm of accountability are
some of the most powerful things you can do to improve organizational results.
Transparency

Transparency and accountability need each other and can be mutually reinforcing. Together
they enable citizens to have a say about issues that matter to them and a chance to influence
decision-making and hold those making decisions to account. Each concept is part of a strategy
used for and by citizens to have the means, resources and opportunities to influence decision-
making and affect development outcomes. Below are definitions of the two terms as agreed by
the Transparency and Accountability initiative.

What is transparency?

As a principle, public officials, civil servants, managers and directors of companies and
organisations and board trustees have a duty to act visibly, predictably and understandably to
promote participation and accountability. Simply making information available is not sufficient to
achieve transparency. Large amounts of raw information in the public domain may breed opacity
rather than transparency.

Information should be managed and published so that it is: Relevant and accessible: Information
should be presented in plain and readily comprehensible language and formats appropriate for
different stakeholders. It should retain the detail and disaggregation necessary for analysis,
evaluation and participation. Information should be made available in ways appropriate to
different audiences.
Timely and accurate: Information should be made available in sufficient time to permit
analysis, evaluation and engagement by relevant stakeholders. This means that information
needs to be provided while planning as well as during and after the implementation of policies
and programmes. Information should be managed so that it is up-to-date, accurate, and
complete.
Moreover, transparency is practiced in companies, organizations, administrations, and
communities. For example, a cashier making change after a point of sale transaction by offering
a record of the items purchased (e.g., a receipt) as well as counting out the customer's change
on the counter demonstrates one type of transparency. The term transparency has a very
different meaning in information security where it is used to describe security mechanisms that
are intentionally in-detectable or hidden from view. Examples include hiding utilities and tools
which the user does not need to know in order to do their job, like keeping the remote re-
authentication operations of Challenge-

Transparency ensures that information is available that can be used to measure the
authorities' performance and to guard against any possible misuse of powers. In that sense,
transparency serves to achieve accountability, which means that authorities can be held
responsible for their actions. To achieve transparency, an organisation must provide information
about its activities and governance to stakeholders that is accurate, complete and made available
in a timely way. Transparency enables accountability. This does not mean all information should
be made publicly available.

Here are few ideas for creating a transparent organization.

• Trust employees to make decisions. ...
• Don't keep responsibilities and job functions a secret. ...
• Share results. ...
 • Know where to draw the line. ...
• Hire the right people. ...
• Establish open communication channels.

Reliability

On the other hand, accountability couple with reliability add to the assurance of a
success in the nation, society, and one’s country.

Reliability is defined as the probability that a product, system, or service will perform its
intended function adequately for a specified period of time, or will operate in a defined
environment without failure. Also, Quality Glossary define Reliability as the probability that a
product, system, or service will perform its intended function adequately for a specified period of
time, or will operate in a defined environment without failure.

The term reliability in psychological research refers to the consistency of a research study or
measuring test. For example, if a person weighs themselves during the course of a day they
would expect to see a similar reading. ... It would not be considered reliable.

Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. Psychologists consider three types of

consistency: over time (test-retest reliability), across items (internal consistency), and across
different researchers (inter-rater reliability). Reliability consists of the extent to which an individual
or other entity may be counted on to do what is expected of him. For example, a reliable employee
is one who shows up for work on time and is prepared to complete his work in a timely manner.

Trust, Faithfulness and Word of Honor

Trust is a word that is often used to describe a person with an honest and loyal reputation.
Trust is defined as to have confidence, faith or hope in someone or something. An example of
trust is believing that the sun will rise in the morning. What is a trust and how does it work? A
trust is created when a person (settlor) gives property to another person (trustee) to hold for the
benefit of a third person (beneficiary). A trust is a legal way to hold and protect your assets for
the future. When considering collaborative relationships, the four most common elements needed
to develop trust are competence, reliability, integrity and communication.

7 Ways to Build Trust in a Relationship

➢ Say what you mean, and mean what you say. ...

➢ Be vulnerable — gradually. ...

 ➢ Remember the role of respect. ...

➢ Give the benefit of the doubt. ...

➢ Express your feelings functionally, especially when it's tough. ...

➢ Take a risk together. ...

➢ Be willing to give as well as receive.

Trust means trusting yourself, your own judgments and trusting others. Trust is the
foundation for any relationship. Without it, the relationship will be shaky and will eventually fail.
... After all, trust means you can rely on your partner, can confide in them and feel safe with
them. Mayer et al. (1995) found that there are three elements that must be in place before trust
exists. They are ability, integrity, and benevolence. The convergence of these three dimensions
is where trust truly exists. An explanation and practical applications accompany each of the
model's five critical dimensions of trust: Competence, Openness and Honesty, Concern for Others,
Reliability, and Identification.

Faithfulness

Faithfulness is the concept of unfailingly remaining loyal to someone or something, and

putting that loyalty into consistent practice regardless of extenuating circumstances. It may be
exhibited by a husband or wife who, in a sexually exclusive marriage, does not engage in sexual
relationships outside of the marriage. The Importance of Faithfulness, Even in the Little Things.
... According to the Oxford Dictionary, being “faithful” means to remain loyal and steadfast. To
be loyal is to ha ve “a strong feeling of support or allegiance”, and to be steadfast is to be
“resolutely or dutifully firm and unwavering”.

As nouns the difference between faithfulness and faithful is that faithfulness is the state
of being faithful; allegiance; loyalty; fidelity while faithful is the practicing members of a religion
or followers of a cause. Faithful. ... The definition of faithful is someone who is loyal and reliable
or someone with a strong religious belief. An example of faithful is a loyal dog who always comes
to sit by your side. An example of faithful is a spouse who never cheats on you with another
person.

Faithfulness is commitment to someone or something. A football fan is faithful to his team

and remains loyal even if the team loses. Faithfulness refers to this quality of being faithful and
loyal. ... Christians believe that faith is an important social value that is grounded in the
faithfulness of God.
The Importance of Faithfulness

To be faithful is “having or showing true and constant support or loyalty; deserving

trust: keeping your promises or doing what you are supposed to do.” “Old Faithful” is a
famous geyser in Wyoming’s Yellowstone National Park. It was so named in 1870 because it
reliably erupts at somewhat consistent and predictable intervals. It does what it’s supposed to
do—so people know when to expect the geyser to erupt.

A famous Latin motto, adopted by the United States Marine Corps, Semper Fidelis, means,
“Always faithful.” “Semper Fi” is often how Marines will greet each other and the mutual
commitment to always be faithful to one’s comrades and country, to show true and constant
support and loyalty, is a big part of a US Marine’s identity. Keeping our promises, being faithful
to our vows and principles whether we’re with our spouse, our work, organization and institution,
we’re apart. The key ingredient is faithfulness, to be happy and secure in what we do, and indeed
in any relationship.

God is faithful

In talking about faithfulness, we begin with the faithfulness of God as we heard in Psalm 57,
which was the Call to Worship. God has and shows “true and constant support or loyalty;” God
is “deserving of trust.” We are motivated to be faithful and able to be faithful because God is
faithful. God shows us what faithfulness is like, Jesus says God (Matthew 5:45), “makes his sun
rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the righteous and on the unrighteous.”

Paul says in Romans 1:20, “Ever since the creation of the world his eternal power and divine
nature, invisible though they are, have been understood and seen through the things he has
made.”

God has been faithful to us in giving us life and sustaining us each day.

What about us? Let’s start with the negative: few things in life are as heart-breaking as
unfaithfulness in a relationship. When someone is unfaithful in a marriage, in a family, in a
friendship, as an employer or employee, as a citizen of a country, it’s very painful and the damage
can be widespread and long lasting. It’s devastating for any relationship when a person fails to
honor his or her commitments.
It takes repentance, hard work, a determination to change, forgiveness, and grace to
overcome unfaithfulness in a relationship, but it can be done, if, and only if, both parties are
willing to do the hard work to repair the damage that’s been done. However, often unfaithfulness
is so devastating that trust, respect and intimacy cannot be repaired or rebuilt. That’s why
remembering Proverbs 3:3-4 is so important.

“Do not let loyalty and faithfulness forsake you; bind them around your neck, write them on the
tablet of your heart. So you will find favor and good repute in the sight of God and of people.“
 More positively, few things give us a greater sense of security in relationships and in life
than faithfulness. Whether it’s an individual, parent and child, or a friend, faithfulness gives us a
sense of security and comfort in the midst of life’s challenges and uncertainties. Faithfulness is
like an anchor that helps hold us fast and not be shipwrecked in the storms of life. We all long
for faithfulness in relationships.

Faithfulness gives us a sense of trust, confidence and certainty.

Faithfulness gives a relationship the belief that we can count on a person to be true and to be
there for us and that others can count on us to be true, faithful and there for them.

Word of Honor

Another important values that we need to learn or re-learned in today’s modern world is
the term Word of Honor. Because, it seem people to tend to forget in honouring their word,
people are easily persuade by many things and wrong information. Thus, today words are mere
words only, it does not have weight and bearing to the one who is uttering the word or promise.

The word Honor by definition: is a promise that one will do something, that something is
true, etc. I give you my word of honor that I will pay the money back.

On the one hand, we are more familiar with the SYNONYMS. Which is, distinction, privilege,
glory, tribute, kudos, cachet, prestige, fame, renown, merit, credit, importance, illustriousness,
notability, respect, esteem, and approbation.

Reasons to Act Honorably. Honoring your word is more than simply doing what you say
you'll do because your actions actually say more than words ever will. Acting in an honorable
manner is something that can help make and keep friends. It also affects your position with your
company in a positive Honor to me means doing the right thing to represent yourself, your family,
and your company." When you are viewed as honorable, people trust the information you are
providing and the actions you are taking. Honor helps define who you are as a person while
serving as a guiding light for your growth and character.

True Honor is a poignant, touching, inspiration story of men and women serving on the front
lines during very difficult times.

Taming the Tongue

Taming our tongue or bridling our tongue means dealing with our heart first—not merely
avoiding blurting out unkind words. Years ago a buddy and I launched a sanctification crusade to
clean up our speech. We were sick of how our loose lips wounded others and boosted ourselves.
I had high hopes for success—I had accountability. We see a number of ways the tongue causes
damage. The first is gossip. Oh, gossip is so tasty to nibble on isn’t it? As men, we may think
of this as an issue with the fairer gender, but we also like to hear things and like to be in the
know.
The sense of knowledge and power / control that comes with knowledge is very tempting
for us. Prov 18:8. The words of a whisperer are like delicious morsels; they go down into the
inner parts of the body. Be careful not to gossip and to stop others when they are gossiping about
a situation you are not part of and don’t have any part in the resolution of it. Beware of the “I’m
telling you so you can pray” temptation.

Control your tongue by thinking what you want, but saying only what is appropriate.

➢ Stand by the advice, “If you don't have anything nice to say, don't say anything at all.”

➢ If you can't think of anything positive to say, then just smile politely, nod, and subtly
change the subject.

When you master your tongue it not only blesses those around you, but it protects you from
harm, and it opens the doors to greater blessings for yourself and family. But as we have seen,
the tongue is impossible to tame… that is without the power of the Holy Spirit.

Discipline

Discipline is the practice of making people obey rules or standards of behaviour,

and punishing them when they do not. ... Discipline is the quality of being able to behave
and work in a controlled way which involves obeying particular rules or standards. It was
that image of calm and discipline that appealed to voters.

Though teachers usually develop their own styles of discipline for their classrooms, most
discipline strategies can be categorized into three main styles or approaches.
Preventative Discipline. ...

• Supportive Discipline. ...

• Corrective Discipline.

Discipline brings stability and structure into a person's life. ... If there were no discipline,
people would do whatever they wanted and make mistakes without putting the consideration of
others first and foremost. It promotes good human behavior to better society and make it a more
enjoyable place for everyone to live. Discipline is a foundation for understanding consequences,
making behavioral decisions, and establishing lasting personality traits. Discipline allows you to
achieve goals by weeding out the distractions in your life. ...
Discipline makes you feel good… ...
 Discipline creates good students — and lifelong learners. Self-discipline is the biggest
stumbling block for most non-champions. The lack of it spawns aimlessness, indecision,
procrastination, disorganization, confusion, and eventually the tendency to give up or quit. With
a high level of self-discipline you will be able to reduce your thoughts by 30-40%.

Respect for Life, Justice, Equality

Catechism Of The Catholic Church

PART THREE
LIFE IN CHRIST

SECTION ONE
MAN'S VOCATION LIFE IN THE SPIRIT

CHAPTER TWO
THE HUMAN COMMUNION

ARTICLE 3
SOCIAL JUSTICE

In looking for a good understanding of respect for life and Justice and equality we can
turn into the teaching of the Catholic Church. It provides us to throughout analysis and outlined
how we should respect and treat one another as human person created in the image of the one
God. The following are lifted in the CCC, Catechism of the Catholic Church.

1928 Social justice can be obtained only in respecting the transcendent dignity of man. The
person represents the ultimate end of society, which is ordered to him:

What is at stake is the dignity of the human person, whose defense and promotion have been
entrusted to us by the Creator, and to whom the men and women at every moment of history
are strictly and responsibly in debt.35

1930 Respect for the human person entails respect for the rights that flow from his dignity as a
creature. These rights are prior to society and must be recognized by it. They are the basis of the
moral legitimacy of every authority: by flouting them, or refusing to recognize them in its positive
legislation, a society undermines its own moral legitimacy.36 If it does not respect them, authority
can rely only on force or violence to obtain obedience from its subjects. It is the Church's role to
remind men of good will of these rights and to distinguish them from unwarranted or false claims.

1931 Respect for the human person proceeds by way of respect for the principle that "everyone
should look upon his neighbor (without any exception) as 'another self,' above all bearing in mind
his life and the means necessary for living it with dignity."37 No legislation could by itself do away
with the fears, prejudices, and attitudes of pride and selfishness which obstruct the establishment
of truly fraternal societies. Such behavior will cease only through the charity that finds in every
man a "neighbor," a brother.

1932 The duty of making oneself a neighbor to others and actively serving them becomes even
more urgent when it involves the disadvantaged, in whatever area this may be. "As you did it to
one of the least of these my brethren, you did it to me."38

1933 This same duty extends to those who think or act differently from us. The teaching of Christ
goes so far as to require the forgiveness of offenses. He extends the commandment of love,
which is that of the New Law, to all enemies.39 Liberation in the spirit of the Gospel is
incompatible with hatred of one's enemy as a person, but not with hatred of the evil that he does
as an enemy.

EQUALITY AND DIFFERENCES AMONG MEN

1934 Created in the image of the one God and equally endowed with rational souls, all men have
the same nature and the same origin. Redeemed by the sacrifice of Christ, all are called to
participate in the same divine beatitude: all therefore enjoy an equal dignity.

1935 The equality of men rests essentially on their dignity as persons and the rights that flow
from it:

Every form of social or cultural discrimination in fundamental personal rights on the grounds of
sex, race, color, social conditions, language, or religion must be curbed and eradicated as
incompatible with God's design.40
1936 On coming into the world, man is not equipped with everything he needs for developing his
bodily and spiritual life. He needs others. Differences appear tied to age, physical abilities,
intellectual or moral aptitudes, the benefits derived from social commerce, and the distribution of
wealth.41 The "talents" are not distributed equally.42

1937 These differences belong to God's plan, who wills that each receive what he needs from
others, and that those endowed with particular "talents" share the benefits with those who need
them. These differences encourage and often oblige persons to practice generosity, kindness,
and sharing of goods; they foster the mutual enrichment of cultures:

I distribute the virtues quite diversely; I do not give all of them to each person, but some to one,
some to others. . . . I shall give principally charity to one; justice to another; humility to this one,
a living faith to that one. . . . And so I have given many gifts and graces, both spiritual and
temporal, with such diversity that I have not given everything to one single person, so that you
may be constrained to practice charity towards one another. . . . I have willed that one should
need another and that all should be my ministers in distributing the graces and gifts they have
received from me.43
1938 There exist also sinful inequalities that affect millions of men and women. These are in open
contradiction of the Gospel:
Their equal dignity as persons demands that we strive for fairer and more humane conditions.
Excessive economic and social disparity between individuals and peoples of the one human race
is a source of scandal and militates against social justice, equity, human dignity, as well as social
and international peace.

HUMAN SOLIDARITY

1939 The principle of solidarity, also articulated in terms of "friendship" or "social charity," is a
direct demand of human and Christian brotherhood.45

An error, "today abundantly widespread, is disregard for the law of human solidarity and charity,
dictated and imposed both by our common origin and by the equality in rational nature of all
men, whatever nation they belong to. This law is sealed by the sacrifice of redemption offered by
Jesus Christ on the altar of the Cross to his heavenly Father, on behalf of sinful humanity."

1940 Solidarity is manifested in the first place by the distribution of goods and remuneration for
work. It also presupposes the effort for a more just social order where tensions are better able
to be reduced and conflicts more readily settled by negotiation.

1941 Socio-economic problems can be resolved only with the help of all the forms of solidarity:
solidarity of the poor among themselves, between rich and poor, of workers among themselves,
between employers and employees in a business, solidarity among nations and peoples.
International solidarity is a requirement of the moral order; world peace depends in part upon
this.

1942 The virtue of solidarity goes beyond material goods. In spreading the spiritual goods of the
faith, the Church has promoted, and often opened new paths for, the development of temporal
goods as well. And so throughout the centuries has the Lord's saying been verified: "Seek first
his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things shall be yours as well":

For two thousand years this sentiment has lived and endured in the soul of the Church, impelling
souls then and now to the heroic charity of monastic farmers, liberators of slaves, healers of the
sick, and messengers of faith, civilization, and science to all generations and all peoples for the
sake of creating the social conditions capable of offering to everyone possible a life worthy of
man and of a Christian.

In addition, receiving respect from others is important because it helps us to feel safe and
to express ourselves. ... Respect means that you accept somebody for who they are, even when
they're different from you or you don't agree with them. Respect in your relationships builds
feelings of trust, safety, and wellbeing. We could all stand equal before the law, and that law
could still be unjust and/or administered by unjust magistrates. Equality is treating everyone
without bias. Justice is acting with consistency on the basis of laws that embody fairness in
promoting general welfare.
Towards an Integrative Society (Indigenous Peoples and Gender Sensitivity)

"Gender sensitivity" is the way service providers treat male or female clients in service
delivery facilities and thus affects client willingness to seek services, continue to use services, and
carry out the health behaviors advocated by the services. International Women’s Day just went
by (March 8) and amidst all the celebrations, there was a strong undercurrent of a sentiment —
that it is still not enough. Enough has been written about issues faced by women and their
security. Let us turn our attention about gender sensitivity. Being sensitive is, very simply put,
being appreciative of others’ feelings. In that context, gender sensitivity is about being
considerate of the opposite gender’s feelings. The reason this is important is because men and
women think differently, and obviously, have varying perspectives. “Be open”

The first and most important aspect of gender sensitivity is to be open to the perspective and
feelings of any colleague of the opposite gender. This could be a simple case of knowing enough
about their personal issues to more nuanced understanding of gender-specific aspects such as
comments or jokes that could be offensive. Although there is an increasing awareness about this
topic, and organisations have started to define the limits of behaviour, the onus is still with an
individual. Increasingly, men and women have started working together in managerial roles and
unless there is a mutual sense of respect and comfort, teams will not be effective.

Being sensitive is, very simply put, being appreciative of others' feelings. In that context, gender
sensitivity is about being considerate of the opposite gender's feelings. The reason this is
important is because men and women think differently, and obviously, have varying perspectives.

10 ways to promote gender equality in daily life

• Share household chores and childcare equally. ...

• Watch for signs of domestic violence. ...

• Support mothers and parents. ...

• Reject chauvinist and racist attitudes. ...

• Help women gain power. ...

• Listen and reflect. ...

• Hire diversity. ...

• Pay (and demand) the same salary for equal work.

Gender equality makes our communities safer and healthier

Unequal societies are less cohesive. They have higher rates of anti-social behaviour and
violence. Countries with greater gender equality are more connected. Their people are healthier
and have better wellbeing.

5 Ways Gender Equality Benefits Everyone

• Where there's more gender equality, there's more peace. ...

• Advancing gender equality will add billions to Canada's economy. ...

• Gender diversity in leadership roles boosts business performance. ...

• Sharing household work leads to happier relationships. ...

• Gender equality makes children's lives better.

What are gender roles? Gender roles in society means how we're expected to act, speak,
dress, groom, and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex. For example, girls and
women are generally expected to dress in typically feminine ways and be polite,
accommodating, and nurturing.

Internet Sources
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1797408/Baguio/Opinion/CRFV-Unity-and-fellowship

https://www.google.com/search?q=Commitment%2C+Dedication+and+Concern&oq=Commitment%2C
+Dedication+and+Concern&aqs=chrome..69i57.6356j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-

https://pediaa.com/difference-between-dedication-and-commitment/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accountability

https://blog.kevineikenberry.com/leadership-supervisory-skills/accountability-important/

https://www.transparency-initiative.org/blog/1179/tai-definitions/

https://brewsterbaptistchurch.org/the-importance-of-faithfulness/
 MODULE 4

Excellence

This module will provide an idea of one of the quality that Filipino should have, with regards to
the quality of being excellent.

General Objective

To identify the significance of excellence in the developments proper for the individual
person. As Filipino and as a nation how can we poster the mentality of doing and giving our
best in everything we do.

Specific Objective

At the end of the session, each student is expected to:

1. Define excellence
2. Identify that excellence is important in the development of human values
3. Understand that our action should always gears toward excellence
4. Contribute to the excellence service for Filipino people.

Definition of Excellence

(1). Excellence is the quality of being excellent. (2). An excellent or valuable quality : virtue.
(3). Excellency sense

Excellence is defined as the condition of being superior. An example of excellence is graduating

from college with a 4.0. Excellence as noun, is the quality of excelling; possessing good qualities
in high degree excellence, excellency. (noun) an outstanding feature; something in which
something or someone excels. It means greatness — the very best. Achieving excellence is never
easy to do. Excellence is a quality that people really appreciate, because it's so hard to find.
Excellence is the quality of excelling, of being truly the best at something.

Many people around us who do not strive for excellence, have hard time and do not feel happy
with their lives. While people who always strive for excellence, feel happy, have inner

Work Excellence means performing your job extremely well. You need both to succeed at work.
If you have a great work ethic but are incompetent, employers will not want you. Nor will they
want you if you are incredibly productive but steal from them. Satisfaction and contribute
positively to others as well, thus excellence is the condition of surpassing some standards of
expectations
True Excellence. The institution, organization, business and government, that survive longest
are the ones that work out what they uniquely can give to the world—not just growth or money
but their excellence, their respect for others, or their ability to make people happy. Some call
these things a soul.

Top 10 Qualities of Excellence

1. Natural Talent - Know Your Brilliance!

An uncut diamond has a wealth of unrealized possibility and brilliance. The beauty inherent in the
diamond beckons us to develop its potential. Likewise, we are at our best when we develop our
natural talent. Know your brilliance and learn to become it every day.

2. Invest in your success.

Life rewards those who are invested in their success. If you're ambivalent about what you really
want, you won't get what's most important. Let whatever it is you're striving for mean something
to you! Don't stay stuck if you're not happy or making progress. Invest in your success so you're
completely passionate and motivated towards realizing your dream. Believe in your dream and
you'll be invested in the creation of your success.

3. Integrity

When you have integrity, your word means something. If people can't depend on your word,
integrity's lacking. If your actions aren't aligned with your words, a disconnect occurs - this
disconnect then compromises your integrity. Integrity is the quality of being complete and
undivided - living from "what's right." Live life so that you are always in a state of integrity.

4. Passion

Passion is that which deeply moves us. It's the fire from within and that which motivates us.
Passion deeply stirs us and compels us into action. Passion gives us the ability to be touched,
moved and inspired. Passion is at the core of excellence - tap into yours and let it guide your
vision!

5. High Standards

Excellence implies striving for quality. Standards of excellence are those that are flawless and
impeccable. Do you complete work? Do you surround yourself with people who nourish your spirit
and intellect? Do you address discrepancies or concerns on the spot? Good isn't enough; we need
to exceed expectations and continually raise the bar for excellence. In this way, quality is
continually generated.

6. Creativity and Innovation

Creativity and innovation require openness and questioning. The belief that anything's possible
paves the way for creative thinking. *Outside of the box* thinking produces innovation, and what
company doesn't want to be at the forefront of innovation? Creativity and innovation require a
boldness to play and discover... to be comfortable enough to admit that one doesn't know the
answers. It's in the openness to not knowing the answers that allow creativity and innovation to
be born.

7. Self-Awareness

Self-awareness, particularly about the supports and structures that bring out our best, is key.
Lacking self-awareness is like stumbling in the dark - one randomly bumps into what one is
looking for. Contrast this to knowing exactly the supports and structures that support you. With
self-awareness, one is able to get oneself *into the zone* with precision and accuracy. Pay
attention and observe yourself to enhance your self-awareness skills.

8. Commitment

Commitment implies a willingness and a *stick-to-it-ness.* If one is committed, one's support is

uncompromising and unending. One is willing to do anything in support of the commitment.
Commitment drives us and anchors us during challenging times. Commitment enables us to
maintain a high degree of perseverance. Commitment opens the door to self-mastery and
excellence.

9. Showing Up

It doesn't matter HOW we show up, what matters is THAT we show up. Day after day, step after
step. Don't let temporary obstacles keep you from showing up on a day to day basis. Pace yourself
like an athlete and learn to develop new habits by incorporating the behavior on a day to day to
day basis. Show up no matter what, and you'll gain stability and forward momentum as you move
your vision forward.

10. Contribution

Looking back, what do you want the memories of your life to be? Excellence isn't solely about
success, measured by how much money or notoriety we gain. Success is definitely not excellence
if we've stomped on people en route to our goals!

Excellence is about contributing our best to the world while evoking others to do the same. It's
about understanding our place and making our mark in the world, as we attempt to make it a
better place. Excellence is about contribution and honoring others as we move forward towards
our vision. Excellence lies in the hearts of all who evoke it in others by mentoring, supporting,
exemplifying and giving back.

“Success means doing the best we can with what we have. Success is the doing, not the
getting; in the trying, not the triumph. Success is a personal standard, reaching for the highest
that is in us, becoming all that we can be.” -Zig Ziglar

Wise leaders set personal standards of excellence rather than allowing external forces to define
success or failure for them. They set their standards above and beyond what others require,
consistently delivering results that surpass expectations. In honoring their standards of
excellence, credible leaders go first and give the most, modeling the work ethic they desire to
see from teammates.

On the other hand, when leaders accept standards placed upon them by others, they sacrifice
self-control. They begin to live inauthentic lives, chasing after “goals” they didn’t set and
violating their values in ways they never would have thought possible. In my experience, there
are four common culprits that leaders foolishly allow to override their personal standards.

1) Competition

Allowing the competition to set your standards pulls you off mission and away from your unique
strengths and values. Being overly concerned with your rivals may cause you to copy their
unethical tactics or to engage in unprincipled behavior in an effort to win at all costs. In
leadership, you have to chart your own course. Never allow the competition to choose the path
for you.

2) Circumstances

Since there are so many factors beyond our control, in leadership we cannot gauge excellence
solely on short-term results. Outcomes are important and goals have merit, but at times
circumstances will conspire to block our progress. Consider the economic downturn. For
leaders with standards of success tied to stock prices or bottom line profits, the last two
years must seem like miserable failures. Keep your personal standards independent of life
circumstances so that no matter what is going on around you, you can still achieve excellence.

3) Critics

As a leader, you will be criticized. You’ll be scrutinized, second-guessed, and disparaged. Don’t
confuse excellence with pleasing others. If you do, you’ll always feel like a failure, because it’s
impossible to please all of the people all of the time. Stay true to your personal standards and
don’t sacrifice them to pacify your critics.

4) Cheerleaders

When you’re successful, you gain the applause of everyone around you. The applause
massages your ego and begins to substitute for the fulfillment of meeting personal standards. If
you’re not careful, you can develop an addiction to applause. Instead of pursuing excellence
you play to the crowd, craving their adoration. Seeking popularity over principle, you allow
others to measure excellence for you and to define your worth.

To avoid the trap of pandering to applause, surround yourself with people who tell you what you
need to hear rather than what you want to hear. The higher you go in leadership, the harder it
becomes for your teammates to give you honest feedback. Make a point to stay humble and
approachable so that you do not become self-deluded.
 In the above aforementioned, leadership plays an important role in ensuring that
excellence happened. That work or job is done in the best possible that it should done. Leadership
is the ability to persuade others to seek defined objectives enthusiastically. Leadership is so
important and its human factor binds group together and motivates it toward a certain goal.
Leadership is a part of management because managers are leaders are required to plan and
organize. They are to influence others to follow direction either right or wrong. This means that
strong leadership is a decisive leadership. As society has learned more about leadership, it has
become increasingly evident that it is a result of sense of responsibility and wisdom towards a
particular goals and objectives.

Personal Attributes of a Leader

1. Competence
2. Credibility
3. Creativity
4. Common goals
5. Dynamism

Skills of a Leader
1. Conduct organizational needs assessment
2. Develop a master plan
3. Identify current and future policy issues
4. Conduct studies on manpower needs
5. Design management information system
6. Plan a career development program

Important Attributes of a Leader

1. Critical and experimental outlook
2. Commitment to long- term planning
3. Interest in material things
4. Desire for change
5. Concern for time and punctuality
6. Respect for accuracy
7. Willingness to delegate
8. Delight in the Imagination

Five basis Work Values

1. Industrious
2. Sense of Responsibility
3. Punctuality and order
4. Spirit of Collaboration
5. Wisdom

Another traits or Filipino values that needs to be mentioned is the famous trait or the ability of
Filipinos to find joy and humour in everything. It sheds light on the optimism and positivity of
Filipinos in whatever situation they are in so as to remain determined in going through struggles
or challenges. It serves as a coping technique, the same way a child who has fallen laughs at
himself/herself to hide his/her.

This is remarkable traits that Filipinos possess is the ability to laugh in the midst of suffering. That
is why in the Philippines, it is normal to see poor folks enjoying the flood like rich kids in country
clubs, or passengers singing with glee atop overloaded jeepneys as if travellers on board luxury
cruise. That is also why comedians and impersonators are bankable and gag shows and sitcoms
never run out of business, enticing even hardcore action and dramatic stars who want to stay in
the limelight and keep their employment.. Best of all, we can simply make fun of unscrupulous
presidents and public officials through the Internet, movies, songs, or stage plays. This distinct
behavior of Filipinos clearly depicts a trait we may have inherited from God Himself: humor and
joyfulness.

Summative assessment

Looking at our previous lesson on Excellence, write a 1,000 word-essay about the function of
excellence. (You may include these aspect; Decisiveness, Leadership, Sense of Responsibility and
Wisdom, Resourcefulness and Value for Work, Diligence and Perseverance and Humor and
Joyfulness)

References:

Internet sources

https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/75744/Lifestyle/Humor-joyfulness
retrieve July 18, 2020
https://cultbranding.com/ceo/true-excellence/
retrieve July 17, 2020
https://www.google.com/search?q=Concept+of+excellence&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG0pugiNTqA
hUSEqYKHVVmAkwQ1QIwHXoECBEQEA&biw=1366&bih=657
retrieve July 17, 2020
https://chaerlshelly.wordpress.com/2017/09/17/joy-and-humor/
retrieve July 18, 2020
https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s1c2a3.htm
retrieve July 17, 2020
https://www.google.com/search?q=excellence&oq=&aqs=chrome.4.69i59l8.976701j1j7&source
id=chrome&ie=UTF-8
retrieve July 17, 2020
https://www.google.com/search?q=gender+sensitivity&oq=&aqs=chrome.7.69i59l8.1055667j1j7&sourc
eid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
retrieve July 17, 2020
 MODULE 5

Peace education and Spirituality

Peace education is the process of acquiring the values, the knowledge and developing
the attitudes, skills, and behaviours to live in harmony with oneself, with others, and with the
natural environment.

Ian Harris and John Synott have described peace education: "teaching encounters" that draw
from people:

a).their desire for peace,

b). nonviolent alternatives for managing conflict, and

c). skills for critical analysis of structural arrangements that produce and legitimize injustice and
inequality

The greatest resource for building a culture of peace are the people themselves, for it is through
them that peaceful relationships are created.

Educating people toward becoming peace agents is central to the task of peace building. The
Philippines and the whole world are always confronted with many problems that arise from many
forms of violence.

An education that responds to these challenges should be encouraged and supported Peace
Education. A culture of peace must replace the current culture of violence if we and our common
home, planet Earth, are to survive.

Our young people in particular need new perspectives, skills and value orientations that will enable
them to build relationships and structures that lead to positive change and human well-being

A Holistic Understanding of Peace

A new way of thinking about peace is important today.

Our ideas shape our feelings and our actions, influences how we live, and how we relate with
each other.

Early secular writings on the subject of peace indicate that peace was defined as merely the
absence of war or direct violence.

This negative formulation was first given by Hugo Grotius in 1625

The simplest and most widespread understanding of peace was that of absence of death and
destruction as a result of war and physical/direct violence.
An alternative view started to emerge, beginning with the late 1960s. Attention shifted from direct
to indirect or structural violence, i.e., ways in which people suffer from violence built into society
via its social, political and economic systems (Hicks,1987).

Structural violence also led to death and suffering because of the conditions that resulted from
it: extreme poverty, starvation, avoidable diseases, discrimination against minority groups and
denial of human rights.

It was further realized that a world marked by said conditions is a world devoid of peace and
human security; it breeds anger and generates tension leading to armed conflict and war.

Johann Galtung, a renowned peace theorist and researcher, argues that structural violence occurs
when the wealth of affluent nations, groups or individuals is based on the labor and the essential
resources drawn from nations, groups and individuals who, as a consequence, are required to
live diminished lives of deprivation (Monez,1973).

Johann Galtung explains that peace is the absence of violence, not only personal or direct, but
also structural or indirect.

The manifestations of structural violence are the highly uneven distribution of wealth and
resources as well as the uneven distribution of power to decide over the distribution of said
resources.

The meaning of peace can be captured by the idea of a negative peace and the idea of a positive
peace.

Negative peace refers to the absence of war or physical/direct violence,

While positive peace refers to the presence of just and non-exploitative relationships, as well as
human and ecological well-being, such that the root causes of conflict are diminished

A Holistic Understanding of Peace. Peace is both the absence of personal/direct violence, and the

presence of social justice.

LEVELS OF PEACE

PEACE BETWEEN HUMANS AND THE EARTH AND BEYOND

1. GLOBAL PEACE

Respect for other

nations, Justice,Tolerance, Cooperation

2. INTERGROUP/SOCIAL PEACE

Respect for other groups within

nation, Justice, Tolerance, Cooperation

3. INTERPERSONAL PEACE

Respect for other persons,

Justice,Tolerance, Cooperation

4. PERSONAL PEACE

Self-respect, Inner resources: love, hope

Types of Violence

Betty Reardon, a peace educator who has made significant contributions to the field, defines
violence as “humanly inflicted harm” (Reardon, n.d.).

Peace Education as Transformative

In Education:

Peace education or an education that promotes a culture of peace, is essentially transformative.

It cultivates the knowledge base, skills, attitudes and values that seek to transform people’s
behaviors that, in the first place, have either created or exacerbated violent conflicts.

THE PEACEABLE TEACHINGLEARNING PROCESS

COGNITIVE PHASE

(Being aware,

Understanding

ACTIVE PHASE

(Taking AFFECTIVE PHASE

(Being concerned,

Responding, Valuing, practical action)

WHY EDUCATE FOR PEACE

It seeks to transform the present human condition by

“changing social structures and patterns of thought that have created it.”

Learning to Abolish War; Teaching toward a Culture of Peace (Reardon and Cabezudo, 2002), the
main purpose of peace education are the elimination of social injustice, the rejection of violence
and the abolition of war.

Educating for peace will give us in the long run the practical benefits that we seek. As stated
earlier it is expected to build a critical mass of people who will demand for and address the needed
personal and structural changes that will transform the many problems that relate to peace into
nonviolent, humane and ecological alternatives and solutions.

Attitudes/Values that is important:

➢ Self-respect
➢ Respect for others
➢ Respect for Life/Nonviolence
➢ Gender Equality
➢ Compassion
➢ Skills

Some of the skills that need to be developed are:

➢ Reflection
➢ Critical Thinking and Analysis
➢ Decision-making
➢ Imagination
➢ Communication
➢ Conflict Resolution
➢ Empathy
➢ Group Building

A holistic understanding of peace is needed for all of us and be educated with the different facets
of peace…for us to live happily and peacefully…be able to establish peaceful relationships with
one another and probably….this can prevent the increasing the number of victims affected by
violence of various kinds.

SPIRITUALITY

The quality of being concerned with the human spirit or soul as opposed to material or physical
things.

Spirituality is a worldview and a way of life based on the belief that there is more to life than
what meets the senses, more to the universe than just purposeless mechanics, more to
consciousness than electrical impulses in the brain, and more to our existence than the body and
its needs.
Why Is Spirituality Important
➢ PURPOSE / DIRECTION
➢ ONENESS / LOVE / CONNECTION.
➢ GROWTH
➢ ANSWERS / TRUTH
➢ HAPPINESS / PEACE / OVERCOME SUFFERING
➢ TRANSCENDENCE / ENLIGHTENMENT
➢ EXPLORATION / MYSTERY

Summative assessment

Read the article bellow and write a 1,000 word essay on peace, charity, and forgiveness

**** Abnoramal and Absurd Worry*****

One of the rewarding things about being a Priest is that people often come to you with their
troubles. Over the years I have discovered the most people come to me because they worried
over something. Worry is a disheartening and unrewarding habit of many good people. It destroy
our initiative, paralyzes achievement and rob us of peace. All of us worry from time to time, but
some of us are perpetual worries. It’s as though we were born with worry in our hearts. I am
worrier, “ a teenager from Zamboaga told me the other day. “I inherited it form my Mom. She
worries all the time and she hardly ever smile.” A very wonderful wife told me a couple of years
ago: “ I don’t worry on purpose. I worry simply because I can’t help it, It is my nature to worry.”

There are, of course, situations and events which cause legitimate concern and uneasiness in our
lives. But when we talk about worry , we are not referring to the wise and natural concern which
all reasonable men and women experience in the face of serious problems. Here we are concerned
with the wearisome and depressing habit of irrational worry, which is abnormal, inordinate and
absurd.

What do we worry about? Recently over 100 psychologist were asked to list what they considered
the primary worries besetting men and women. Their list were very different, of course, but in
general they all agree on a lot of things that people worried about. People worry, they said,
especially when they are young, about personal development and growth, about their physical
appearance. We know how often teenagers are hassled about pimples, the texture of their skin,
the bigness of their nose, or their crooked teeth. They worry about being attractive and popular.
How often I have heard teenagers say: I don’t have any friends. Nobody likes me.” Later the
worry about having or not having a boyfriend or grielfriend, about getting a husband or a wife or
about not being married at all. When they go get a mate they worry that they have chosen badly.
Teenagers are often the worst worries of all.

As they grow older, lots of people get themselves into a turmoil over moral lapses and entertain
scruples abut past sins. They get panicky when they contemplate the future and get upset about
their lack of success and financial security. They worry about their health, their families, their
children, their relatives and their friends. They feel despondent over failures, or imagined failures,
they become morbidly preoccupied with thoughts of death. I have talked with many people who
get upset about our country, about politics, and about the distressing state of the world. All they
talked about is what they read in the newspapers about the latest kidnapping or murder, or what
their favorite columnist said about how terrible things are. (Sometimes I think our columnist are
even worst worries than teenagers! Maybe that is why they are columnist).

One of my favorite books is titled “How To Stop Worrying and Start Living.” How de we stop
worrying and really start to live our lives in happiness and in peace? The psychologist have lots
of suggestions on how to banish habitual worry from our lives. The most fundamental solution,
they say, is to cultivate a healthy sense of reality. Our worries are seldom real. They come largely
because we will not face facts. They are often based on unreality or distorted sense of values. I
may have a crooked nose, but that doesn’t mean I have a crooked heart. Most of these worries
disappear when we face reality. St. Theresain her autobiography said: My soul can only free on
truth. Every day I ask God that I may see things as they truly are, and that I may not be misled
by error.
 Pampanga State Agricultural University
Magalang, Pampanga

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

MODULE
ON
VALUES EDUCATION

Prepared by:

Clemente Jr. O. Boleche

Faculty

Noted by:

Ella M. Roque
Head, Human Science