A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

Day 1 – Basics of Trigonometry

The word trigonometry comes from two Greek words that translate to “triangle
measure.” Our work in trigonometry will primarily be to obtain unknown angles and
distances using triangles.

Pythagorean Theorem: __________________________

Can only be used for ______________________________
𝑐 is always the _________________________ opposite the right angle
𝑎 and 𝑏 are the ______________ forming the right angle.
Additionally, 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 = _____________ and 𝐴 + 𝐵 = __________.

Capital letters represent ____________

Lower case represent ______________

Notice the pairs of letters are located

opposite from each other.

Find the missing side of each right triangle. Give simplified exact answers.

What does “simplified exact” mean? _________________________________________

1. 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 5 2. 𝑎 = 10, 𝑏 = 4

3. 𝑐 = 20, 𝑏 = 12 4. 𝑐 = 5√3, 𝑎 = 5
 A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

Special Right Triangles

There are two special right triangles that should be memorized.
A 𝟒𝟓°, 𝟒𝟓°, 𝟗𝟎° right triangle has a ratio of sides of 𝟏, 𝟏, √𝟐.
A 𝟑𝟎°, 𝟔𝟎°, 𝟗𝟎° right triangle has a ratio of sides of 𝟏, √𝟑, 𝟐.

Right Triangles
Theta (𝜃) is a Greek letter used to represent ________________.
The side across from 𝜃 is labeled the _____________________.
The side across from the right angle is labeled the ____________________.
The side next to 𝜃 is labeled the _________________.

The hypotenuse is always in the same location – across from the 90° angle. However,
the opposite and adjacent sides depend on which acute angle we’re viewing the
triangle from.

Let’s say we call Angle A our 𝜃. The Now, if instead we call Angle B our 𝜃,
hypotenuse is side AB, the side the hypotenuse is still side AB - BUT the
opposite from Angle A is CB, and the opposite and adjacent sides are
side adjacent to Angle A is AC. swapped. Now, the side opposite from
(Notice how the adjacent side to Angle B is AC and the adjacent
should be next to/touching that side is CB.
angle.)
Hy
po
Opposite

Hy t en
po
Adjacent

us
t en e
us
e

Adjacent
Opposite
A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

Trigonometric Functions
The six trigonometric functions are used to describe the _____________ of the sides from
𝜃. The six trigonometric functions are: ______________, ______________, ________________,
____________________, ______________________, _____________________

Cosecant, secant, and cotangent are known as the reciprocal functions. A useful
mnemonic device for remembering sine, cosine, and tangent is SOHCAHTOA.

Given the right triangle, write the six trigonometric ratios for the given angle with
measure 𝜃.

5.
sin 𝜃 = _________ cos 𝜃 = _________ tan 𝜃 = _________

csc 𝜃 = _________ sec 𝜃 = _________ cot 𝜃 = _________

6.
1 sin 𝜃 = _________ cos 𝜃 = _________ tan 𝜃 = _________

csc 𝜃 = _________ sec 𝜃 = _________ cot 𝜃 = _________

√3

7.
sin 𝜃 = _________ cos 𝜃 = _________ tan 𝜃 = _________
5 7

csc 𝜃 = _________ sec 𝜃 = _________ cot 𝜃 = _________

A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

8.
sin 𝜃 = _________ tan 𝜃 = _________ cos 𝜃 = _________

3
cot 𝜃 = _________ csc 𝜃 = _________ sec 𝜃 = _________

!"
9. Knowing that tan 𝜃 = #
for a free-floating right triangle (triangle not drawn on a

graph), find the other five trigonometric ratios for 𝜃.

!"
sin 𝜃 = _________ cos 𝜃 = _________ tan 𝜃 = #

csc 𝜃 = _________ sec 𝜃 = _________ cot 𝜃 = _________

#
10. Knowing that csc 𝜃 = " for a free-floating right triangle (triangle not drawn on a

graph), find the other five trigonometric ratios for 𝜃.

sin 𝜃 = _________ cos 𝜃 = _________ tan 𝜃 = _________

#
csc 𝜃 = " sec 𝜃 = _________ cot 𝜃 = _________

Solving Right Triangles

Every triangle has _______ sides and _______ angles. All angles must add to ___________.
Solving a triangle means that given any 3 parts, find the remaining 3 parts of the
triangle. Round the measure of side to the nearest tenth and the measure of angles to
the nearest degree. Be sure the mode of your calculator is set to _________________.
A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________
Solve the following right triangles.
Right ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐴 𝑎 𝐵 𝑏 𝐶 𝑐
11. 11 21 90°

12. 23 90° 45

13. 33° 5.8 90°

14. 54° 90° 18

A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

Day 2 – Angles and Radians

Refresh the trigonometric ratios for the six trigonometric functions.

sec 𝜃 = _______ sin 𝜃 = _______ csc 𝜃 = _________ cot 𝜃 = _______ cos 𝜃 = ______ tan 𝜃 = ________

Standard Position of Angles

An angle is formed by two ________ sharing a common endpoint, called the
______________. When an angle is drawn on the coordinate plane, the vertex is always
__________________. The two rays are known as the initial side and the terminal side.

The initial side is always on the _______________ side of the 𝑥-axis.

The terminal side opens up/down depending on 𝜃.
For positive angles, the terminal side moves
_______________________.
For negative angles, the terminal side is moves
____________________.
One whole revolution is ____________.

Draw each angle in standard position.

1. 90° 2. 135° 3. −30°

4. 570° 5. −240° 6. −540°

A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

Radian Measurement
A radian is the angle measure 𝜃 when the radius and arc length of a circle are both 1.

This distance fits around the circle roughly 6.28 times, or _________. A radian is ≈ 57.3°.

__________ = _________ __________ = _________

Radian Degree Radian Degree

Angles measure in degrees MUST have a symbol. Any measurement without one is
assumed to be a radian measurement. They are typically expressed in terms of
_______, but not always. Example: _____________________________

Converting between Degree and Radian Measurement

Since 180° = 𝜋 radians, then when these expressions are placed into a fraction it would
be equivalent to a form of _______.
180° 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
= =1
𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 180°

When converting between degrees and radians, simply multiply by the fraction that
would cause the old unit to cancel out.

$ &'()'*+ 0$ ,-.°
135° ∙ ,-.°
= ________________ 1
∙ $ &'()'*+ = ________________

Degree to radian, ______________ by 180. Radian to degree, _____________ by 180

A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

Convert each of the following measurement. Give simplified answers.

,,$ 23$
7. 90° 8. −315° 9. 1
10. !

#$ 20$
11. −240° 12. 120° 13. "
14. 3

Coterminal Angles
Graph 300°. Graph −60°.

Two angles in standard position are called coterminal angles if they have the same
_________________________________________ and are some multiple of 360° or 2𝜋 apart.

Find two positive and two negative coterminal angles for each. These should be given
in the form of the given angle.

15. 600° _____________ ,______________ , _______________ , _______________

16. −55° _____________ ,______________ , _______________ , _______________

"$
17. 3
_____________ ,______________ , _______________ , _______________

#$
18. − 1
_____________ ,______________ , _______________ , _______________
A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

Reference Angles
A reference angle is the ____________ angle formed by the terminal side and the
closest ____________. Reference angles are not directional, which means they are
always _____________, and are always closest to the ________________.

Find the reference angle. State your answer in degrees.

19. 45° 20. 120° 21. −210°

0$ #$ 0$
22. 3
23. − "
24. 1
A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________
Degree and Radian Measures of Special Angles – The Unit Circle

QUAD _____ QUAD _____

( ___ , ___) ( ___ , ___)

QUAD _____ QUAD _____

( ___ , ___) ( ___ , ___)

References of 𝟑𝟎° References of 𝟒𝟓° References of 𝟔𝟎°

 A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

Day 3 Trigonometric Functions of Special Angles

Sketch a right triangle in each quadrant, labeling which sides are positive and
negative. Which trig ratios are positive in each quadrant? Negative?

Positive Negative
Quadrant I

Quadrant II

Quadrant III

Quadrant IV

Notice for all trig functions, there are _________ quadrants where the function is positive
and _______ quadrants where the function is negative. We can use the acronym
_______________ to remember the positive quadrants.

Finding Exact Values of Trigonometric Functions

Recall your ratios for special triangles: 30° − 60° − 90° and 45° − 45° − 90°.

Across from 30° = _______ Across from 45° = _______

Across from 60° = _______ Across from 90° = _______

Across from 90° = _______

To find the exact values of trigonometric functions:

1. Draw the terminal side in the correct quadrant.

2. Find the reference angle by drawing back to the _____−axis.
3. Label the sides of the special triangle. Pay attention to negatives!
4. Find the exact value of the trig functions using your graph.
A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

Find the exact value of each trigonometric function given each angle.
1. sin 45° 2. cos 120° 3. tan 300°

$ ,,$
4. sin −150° 5. tan " 6. cos 3

#$
7. cot "
8. sec 120° 9. cot 510°

,#$ "$ ,,$

10. csc 1
11. sec 3
12. csc 1

Find the exact value of all six trigonometric functions given each angle.

13. 240° 14. −135°

sin 𝜃 = ________ csc 𝜃 = ________ sin 𝜃 = ________ cos 𝜃 = ________

cos 𝜃 = ________ sec 𝜃 = ________ sec 𝜃 = ________ cot 𝜃 = ________

tan 𝜃 = ________ cot 𝜃 = ________ tan 𝜃 = ________ csc 𝜃 = ________

 A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

$
15. 1
16. 60°

sec 𝜃 = ________ csc 𝜃 = ________ sin 𝜃 = ________ csc 𝜃 = ________

cos 𝜃 = ________ tan 𝜃 = ________ cos 𝜃 = ________ sec 𝜃 = ________

cot 𝜃 = ________ sin 𝜃 = ________ tan 𝜃 = ________ cot 𝜃 = ________

Day 4 – Trigonometric Functions of General Angles / Quadrantals

Quadrantal Angles
A quadrantal angle is an angle whose terminal side lies on an __________.

It’s not possible to draw triangles from these angles. Instead, we use the ordered pair
from the unit circle.

For quadrantal angles only: (𝑥, 𝑦) = _________________________ . Also, tan 𝜃 = ___________

A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

Complete the chart below.

(x, y) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽
1. 0°

2. 90°

3. 𝜋

3$
4. !

Trigonometry of General Angles

On the graph alongside, graph the point (1, 3).
How far is the point from the origin? _____________

If we were to draw a circle with the center at the origin,

passing through the point (1, 3), it would have a radius (𝑟) of _______

Find the six trigonometric values for the point (1, 3)

sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 tan 𝜃 csc 𝜃 sec 𝜃 cot 𝜃

(1, 3)

We can generalize the values in an ordered pair for what they represent on a right
triangle. The 𝒙-value represents the __________________ side, while the 𝒚-value
represents the ____________________ side. The __________________________ is found by
doing c𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! .

So, if we think of each point as a location on a circle, then In general:

sin 𝜃 = _________ = __________ cos 𝜃 = _________ = __________ tan 𝜃 = _________ = __________
A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

Find the exact value of the six trigonometric functions of 𝜃 if the terminal side of 𝜃 in
standard position contains the given point.

5. (8, 4) 6. (−3, −4)

7. (0, 2) 8. (10, 10)

9. (−5, 2)

sec 𝜃 sin 𝜃 tan 𝜃 cot 𝜃 csc 𝜃 cos 𝜃

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.
A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

Day 5 – Oblique Triangles

An oblique triangle is any triangle that is not a ________________ triangle. This means we
____________________ use the Pythagorean Theorem, nor the trigonometric ratios
because these only work on right triangles. Instead, we must use the Law of Sines
and/or the Law of Cosines.

The Law of Sines

How do I know when to use it? _____________________________________________________

1. Solve ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 if 𝐴 = 33°, 𝐵 = 105°, and 𝑏 = 37.9.

A = __________ a = __________
B
B = __________ b = __________

A C C = __________ c = __________

2. Solve ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 if 𝐶 = 120°, 𝑏 = 12, and 𝑐 = 17.

A = __________ a = __________
B
B = __________ b = __________

A C C = __________ c = __________
A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

3. Solve ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 if 𝐵 = 47°, 𝐶 = 75°, and 𝑎 = 29. A = __________ a = __________

B
B = __________ b = __________

A C C = __________ c = __________

Understanding the Ambiguous Case

a. Use a calculator (in degree mode) to evaluate each of the following to three
decimal places:
sin 30° = _________ sin 45° = _________ sin 10° = _________ sin 104° = _________

sin 150° = _________ sin 135° = _________ sin 170° = _________ sin 76° = _________

b. Notice any patterns? ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

c. Use your calculator to take the inverse sine (sin2, (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒)) of each answer you found.
What happens? ___________________________________________________________________

From geometry, we know the ways to prove triangles are congruent includes
_____________, _____________, _____________, and _____________. Side-Side-Angle (SSA)
could not be used becuase it presents the opportunity for three different scenarios:
1.) No triangle exists
2.) Exactly one triangle exists
3.) Two triangles exist –the ambiguous case. This is only possible if:
________________________________ AND _________________________________
A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

The ambiguity happens when you perform the inverse sine function, sin2, (𝑥)
The calculator is programmed to only know the acute angle when calculating inverse
sine function.

To find the second triangle, always subtract the first angle you find from ___________.
Then find the remaining unknown angle and side.

4.
A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

5. Solve ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 if 𝐴 = 30°, 𝑎 = 5, and 𝑏 = 8.

A = __________ a = __________

B
B = __________ b = __________

A C C = __________ c = __________

6. Solve ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 if 𝐵 = 51°, 𝑏 = 40, and 𝑐 = 50.

A = __________ a = __________

B
B = __________ b = __________

A C C = __________ c = __________
A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

Day 6 – Oblique Triangles Continued

When solving triangles, if no pair exists, you must use the Law of Cosines.

The Law of Cosines:

There is no ambiguity with 𝐿𝑂𝐶, but as a best practice:

If you only have SSS, using LOC, find the _________________________________ first.
After, use LOS to find the _____________________________________________ second.

Solve the following triangles. Round sides to the tenth and angles to nearest degree.
1. Solve ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 if 𝐴 = 120°, 𝑏 = 9, and 𝑐 = 5.
A = __________ a = __________

B
B = __________ b = __________

C = __________ c = __________
A C

2. Solve ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 if 𝐶 = 57°, 𝑎 = 18, and 𝑏 = 24. A = __________ a = __________

B
B = __________ b = __________

C = __________ c = __________
A C
A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________

A = __________ a = __________
3. Solve ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 if 𝑎 = 8, 𝑏 = 6, and 𝑐 = 9.

B B = __________ b = __________

C = __________ c = __________
A C

A = __________ a = __________
4. Solve ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 if 𝑎 = 24, 𝑏 = 40, and 𝑐 = 18.

B B = __________ b = __________

C = __________ c = __________
A C

Mixed Practice: Find the exact value of the six trigonometric functions of 𝜃 if the
terminal side of 𝜃 in standard position contains the given point.
5. (−2, 4) 6. (−5, 0) 7. (24, 7)

sec 𝜃 sin 𝜃 tan 𝜃 cot 𝜃 csc 𝜃 cos 𝜃

5.

6.

7.
A2Stats Unit 9 – Introduction to Trigonometry Name: __________________
Solve the following triangles. Determine whether you need to use LOS, LOC, or if you
can use right triangle trig ratios.
𝐴 𝑎 𝐵 𝑏 𝐶 𝑐

8. 20° 8 90°

9. 16 90° 24

10. 42° 63 57

11. 5 12 13

Find the exact value of each of the six trigonometric function of 𝜃 given the angle.
Answers must be simplified.
3$
12. 600° 13. −270° 14. 330° 15. "

tan 𝜃 csc 𝜃 cot 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sec 𝜃 sin 𝜃

12.

13.

14.

15.