i

“DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY THE CANTEEN VENDORS: ITS

IMPLICATION TO THEIR DAILY BUSINESS OUTCOME”

A Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of Labangal National High School

Senior High School, General Santos City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

In Practical Research 3

By
Laika Bueles
Phoebe Kaye Celiz
Lizabeth Bayotas
Roldan Arisgado
Argelyn Alabado
Gwendalyn Aripin

February, 2020
 Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS

Introduction

Canteen is a unique position to make positive contributions to student’s

health and welfare. The function of the school canteen is to provide a service to

the school community, provide a variety of nutrition and attractive represented

food and drinks. The canteen provides a rewarding opportunity for parents to be

involved in their child’s schools. Based on our observation, as a student of

Labangal National High School, the school canteen vendors provide foods for

students in a way to sustain their hunger, however, they have difficulties

encountered to their sales, and it’s either positive or negative.

As cited by Sheppard (2011), In Australia, school canteens are integral

part of the school environment and an ideal cite to encourage healthy eating.

However, when the canteen is not supported with the school system, healthy

menus maybe difficult to implement.

According to Healthy Canteen Kit (2018), with good management and

marketing practices, a canteen can provide healthy foods and be financially

viable. Effective canteen management requires that : everyone involves know its

goals and is familiar with its policies canteen staffs and committee develop an

implementation plan to achieve policy goals day to day operational procedure are

structured and enforce staff are adequately trained and supervised.

 2

This study was conducted on the month of December 2019 in Labangal

National High School General Santos City.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to identify the difficulties encountered by the canteen

vendors and its implication to their daily business outcome.

Specifically, sought answers to the following questions.

1. What is the difficulty encountered by the canteen vendors in Labangal

National High School in terms of:

1.1. Price

1.2. Product

1.3. Space?

2. What is the sale status of the canteen vendors in Labangal National High

School in terms of:

2.1. Sales by piece

2.2. Profit?

3. Is there significant relationship between the difficulties encountered by the

canteen vendors and their daily business outcome?

 3

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

DIFFICULTIES

ENCOUNTERED BY THE
STATUS OF THEIR SALES Daily Business Outcome
CANTEEN VENDORS
2.1 Sales by piece

1.1 Price 2.2 Profit

1.2 Product

1.3 Space

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the study

This figure presented the conceptual framework of the study. The

independent variable of the study was the difficulties encountered by the canteen

vendors, while the dependent variable was their daily business outcome.
 4

Significance of the Study

This study would be of great significance to the following:

To the School. The result of this study can help the canteen vendors to identify

the difficulties they have encountered.

To the Canteen Vendors. To completely formulate an ideas of how to create

possible ways in growing a business, and also how to create a positive ways

surpassing the difficulties they encounter in their sale status.

To the Customers. To let them know how the stalls established its foothold at

Labangal National High School.

To the Researchers. For them to complete the realization of the idea that the

canteen vendors’ stalls are very established business and still in growing

process.

To the Future Researchers. This study may set as a review related literature in

addition to their research.

Scope and Delimitation

This study was limited to the Canteen Vendors of Labangal National High

School, school year 2019-2020. The respondents of this study were the twenty

(20) canteen vendors of Labangal National High School.

 5

Definition of Terms

The important terms used in the study was defined clearly. Some of

these terms appeared in the research title, statement of the problem and in the

scope and delimitation of the study.

The following terms are defined operationally and conceptually.

Business. It conceptually defined as the activity of making, buying, selling, or

supplying goods or services for money. An organization or economic system

where goods and services are exchanged for one another or for money.

Difficulties. The state or condition of being difficult, a thing that is hard to

accomplish, deal with, or understand. A factor causing trouble in achieving a

positive result or tending to produce a negative result.

Implication. The conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not

explicitly stated. It is the effects or the consequences that may happen in the

future.

Outcome. It conceptually defined as something that happens as a result of an

activity or process. It is the situation that exists in the end.

Price. It conceptually defined as the amount of money that you pay for

something or that something cost. The value of the canteen’s product in

exchange for currency. It is also the amount of money given or set as

consideration for the sale of a specified thing.

 6

Product. It conceptually defined as the number or expression resulting from the

multiplication together of two or more numbers. Anything that the canteen sell to

the students.

Profit. It conceptually defined as a measure of financial performance of a

canteen vendor for a period of time. A financial gain, especially the difference

between the amount earned and the amount spent in buying, operating, or

producing something.

Sales by piece. It conceptually defined as a standard quantity in which

something is made or sold. An amount of something considered separately.

School Canteen. The school canteen is a great place to promote an enjoyment

of healthy eating. It is also a place provided by schools where students can buy

and eat food products and meals.

Space. It conceptually defined as an area that is used or available for a specific

purpose. An empty area between things, a continuous area or expanse which is

free, available, or unoccupied.

Vendors. A person or company offering something for sale, especially a trade in

the students. In this research, the researchers wants to know if the vendors

encountered difficulties.
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter includes the ideas, generalization or conclusions,

methodologies, and others. Those that were included in this chapter helps in

identifying the difficulties encountered by the canteen vendors and its implication

to their daily business outcome.

School Canteen

A school canteen must be a free from dirt and safe environment.

Performing safe personal sanitation for the staff members, being aware about

storing of food, keeping food at the right condition, maintaining neatness are the

steps the staff must take to always ensure a safe consumption of food (Food

Safety,2016).

According to the study of Titcombe (2010), the school canteen is a great

place that helps promote an enjoyment of eating healthy. The food purchased

makes a significant contributions to the students who use canteen regularly, in

their total food intake and nutrition. Therefore, ensuring the best food possible

make sense to take information presented to them and enhance their ability to

learn in class.

Reinforcing skills, knowledge and behaviors about lifestyle of healthy

eating that are taught in the classroom that are important role that the canteen
 8

plays within the broader school environment. The vital role of the canteen is to

create a school culture healthy eating and promote healthy foods. The provided

food at the school has a considerable influence on the children’s development of

long term eating habits, attitudes towards the food and their preferred food

(Halton,2015).

Price

According to Mia Abayon (2014), a lot of students complain about of the

products because it’s too pricey, that we as a student can’t afford because of our

small allowances. However the canteen staffs complaints is that the student is

not responsible in returning their utensils and don’t practice the “Clean as You

Go” policy. There are also various experiences and complaints from students

who encountered about their selling of spoiled food.

Discussed that along the line of canteen management is the need for an

improvement system to boost not only sales but also efficiency of its operations.

In addition to providing with nutritious and affordable foods, the canteen should

be based on good management practices and be financially self-sustaining

Adunna (2013).

According to I. Moneey, D. Agyei, W. Owusu (2013), the food industry in

the developing world there is an urgent need to ensure food vendors adhere to

hygiene practices to protect public health. This study assess adherence to food

hygiene practices by food vendors in educational institution.

 9

Complaints from parents or concerned individuals of the community

pertaining to canteen management and operations, i.e. pricing, quality of foods,

etc., shall be filed and settled with the division grievance committee in the case of

school-managed canteens; and with the school grievance committee in the case

of complaints against a teachers’ cooperative-managed canteen. The provisions

of the grievance procedure under the DepED (2014) Rules of Procedures shall

govern the conduct of the proceedings without prejudice to the application of

other pertinent rules that may be applied suppletorily.

Providing a commodity at your market’s lowest price point sounds like a

sure way of attracting buyers and gaining an advantage in your competition —

but it’s not always that easy. The problem is that brands with this strategy are

seldom regarded as high-quality, so customers have no loyalty and no reason to

stick around. Being the cheapest option means that you are also for most

customers. In odelling a healthy food environment, school canteens have an

important role to play. Price is a powerful food and beverage choice predictor

World Wide Science (2012).

The factor that most students are dissatisfied with is the price. They

recommended that the school canteen understand the situation of the students

that they cannot afford the price of their food on a regular basis to give the

students an option for their foods. (Yumul, Longga, Dimmal, etc. 2014)
 10

According to State Government of Victoria ( 2016) ,price is the amount of

money expected, required, or given in payment for something. The canteen must

ensure that they offer a selection of low cost items that can fill the hunger of the

students.

Product

A school canteen must be a free from dirt and safe environment.

Performing safe personal sanitation for the staff members, being aware about

storing of food, keeping food at the right condition, maintaining neatness are the

steps the staff must take to always ensure a safe consumption of food (Food

Safety, 2016).

According to the study of Titcombe (2010), the school canteen is a great

place that helps promote an enjoyment of eating healthy. The food purchased

makes a significant contribution to the students who use canteen regularly, in

their total food intake and nutrition. Therefore, ensuring the best food possible

makes sense to take information presented to them and enhance their ability to

learn in class Reinforcing skills, knowledge and behaviours about lifestyle of

healthy eating that are taught in the classroom are the important role that the

canteen plays within the broader school environment. The vital role of the

canteen is to create a school culture healthy eating and promote healthy foods.
 11

The provided food at school has a considerable influence on the children’s

development of long term eating habits, attitudes towards the food and their

preferred food (Halton,2015).

The latest study of (Santa Cruz, 2016) revealed that health practices and

support teaching are the two ways in that school canteens lead to a significant

impact in a school life. Health practices and proper nutrition includes the

provisions of special dietary precondition for some staffs and student and inbeing

field of school which can easily become a concern if specific measures are not

put in place to put a stop on this.

Healthy kit (2018) In the canteen Place an attractive display of a healthy

food special deal beside the cash register. Display colourful posters and flyers to

promote healthy choices. Ensure that only healthy options are promoted – be

wary of supporting promotions for unhealthy choices run by food companies.

Specifically, larger serving portions and packages usually attract people to

consume more food, which in turn leads to greater energy intake. In addition, the

accessibility and presentation of foods can influence people’s food choices in

such a way that the more accessible or easy to reach certain types of food are,

the more they are being consumed.

Space

According to the State Government of Victoria (2016), the proper ways of

managing a school is by properly determining the product, price, place, and

 12

promotion. Place is the environment of the canteen in which the foods and drinks

are arranged in order to be sold properly. It must be appealing to the people in

order to attract more customers. It must be well maintained in order to remain its

ambiance and make the people who visits it enjoy their time.

In creating the layout, design and appearance of the canteen, consider if it has

plenty of room and space, it is easily accessed by the people, and must be well

maintained. (State Government of Victoria 2016),

Sales by piece

This system records the number of items sold as items is purchased.

When the items are purchased by the consumer, the point-of-sale system

reduces the inventory from that purchase. Inventory will help clear out store

clutter and help Wal-Mart focus on specific brands and products that consumers

want. (Jamjam, 2011)

According to Wourio (2011), designed to immediately record any and all

sales and inventory transactions. Not only does that mean timely and accurate

sales tracking, but this system also lets one readily identify inventory levels.

Profit
 13

Profit is the amount of income earned after all costs for providing the

service have been met. When calculating the price of a service, profit is applied

in the same number as mark up on the cost of a product Entrepreneur, (2013).

According to Dr. S.K. Khartik titto Varghese, (2011) they found the

profitability more or less depends upon the better utilization of resources and to

manpower. It is worthwhile to increase production capacity and use advance

technology to cut down cost of production and wage cost in order to increase

profit, not only against the investment, but also for investor’s return points of

view.

Profitability is one of the most important objectives of financial

management since one goal of financial management is to maximize the owners’

wealth. And profitability is very important determinant of performance. A business

that is not profitable cannot survive, conversely, a business that is highly

profitable has the ability to reward its owners with a large return on their

investment. Hence, the ultimate goal of a business entity is to earn profit in order

to make sure the sustainability of the business in prevailing market conditions

Hifza Malik (2011).

Hermanson (2011) defines that profitability is the organizations’ ability to

generate income and its inability to generate loss income. He further asserts that

if the income generated is greater than the input cost, that is simply profitability

but if the incomes are less than the input cost. It reflects poor performance
 Chapter III

Methodology

This chapter provided what were the research design, research

instrument, the research exact location, data gathering procedures, and

statistical tool used by the researchers.

Research Design

This study was a descriptive quantitative design. It would present the

difficulties encountered by the canteen vendors and its implication to their daily

business outcome.

Research Locale

This study was conducted in Labangal National High School,

Barangay Labangal, General Santos City.

Research Respondents

The respondents of this study were the twenty (20) canteen vendors of

Labangal National High School, School Year 2019-2020.

Research Instrument

The instrument used in this study was a survey questionnaire made by the

researchers and validated by the advisers and panel members. The survey

questionnaire was used in gathering and interpreting the data. Thus, the

questionnaire structured using Likert scale. In type of questionnaire, the

 15

respondents were given five response choices. Below are the designated

qualifications used in the questionnaires.

Legend:

5- Always Observe

4- Often Observe

3- Sometimes Observe

2- Rarely Observe

1- Never Observe

Data Gathering Procedure

The following procedures were observed, and the respondents were given

enough time to answer the given questionnaire. The respondents answered the

questions honestly and smartly. First, the researchers sent a letter of permission

to the respondents and teachers to conduct the study. After the approval, the

researcher coordinated to the target respondents. The data were gathered,

tallied and interpreted.

Statistical Treatment

1. To answer SOP 1 and 2, weighted were used to determine the level of

difficulties encountered by the canteen vendors and their sales status.

 16

2. To determine the relationship between the difficulties encountered by

the canteen vendors and daily business outcome. Pearson r correlation was

used.

If rxy ranges,

From 0 to + 0.21 negligible or no relationship

From + 0.22 to + 0.40 lower or slightly correlated

From + 0.41 to + 0.70 marked or moderately correlated

From + 0.71 to + 0.90 highly correlated

From + 0.91 to + o.99 very high correlated

Exactly + 1 perfect correlation

 17

I. Difficulties Encountered by the Canteen Vendors: Its

Implication to their Daily Business Outcome

Scaling

Numerical Verbal Interpretation

Equivalent Description

1 Never Observe The Difficulties Encountered by the

Canteen Vendors and Its Implication to

their Daily Business Outcome is

never observe.

2 Rarely Observe The Difficulties Encountered by the

Canteen Vendors and Its Implication to

their Daily Business Outcome is

rarely observe.

3 Sometimes Observe The Difficulties Encountered by the

Canteen Vendors and Its Implication to

their Daily Business Outcome is

sometime observe.

4 Often Observe The Difficulties Encountered by the

Canteen Vendors and Its Implication to

their Daily Business Outcome is

often observe.
 18

5 Always Observe The Difficulties Encountered by the

Canteen Vendors and Its Implication to

their Daily Business Outcome is

always observe
 Chapter V

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presented the summary, findings, conclusions and

recommendations of the study.

Summary of findings

This study presented the difficulties encountered by the canteen vendors

and its implication to their daily business outcome in terms of price, product and

space. The result showed the difficulties encountered by the canteen vendors in

terms of price obtained the mean of 4.89 described as always observe, product

obtained 4.63 described as always observe and space obtained the mean of 4.66

described as always observe. The result showed for the daily business outcome

in terms of sales by piece obtained the mean of 3.96 described as often observe

and profit obtained the mean of 3.33 described as sometimes observe. There is

significant relationship between the difficulties encountered by the canteen

vendors and their daily business outcome. It means that whatever problem

encountered by the canteen vendors, their daily business outcome is affected.

 24

Conclusions

Based on the analysis of the gathered data of this study the conclusions were

drawn:

1. The Difficulties encountered by the canteen vendors were always

observed.

2. The Outcome of sales by piece were often observed and the profit

were sometimes observed.

3. Therefore, there is significant relationship between the difficulties

encountered by the canteen vendors and their daily business outcome.

This implies that the difficulties encountered by the canteen vendors,

affects their daily business outcome.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions of this study, the following are

recommendations were drawn:

1. The difficulties encountered by the canteen vendors was always observed

therefore, the vendors must observe a lower price to their products.

2. The Outcome of sales by piece were often observed and the profit were

sometimes observed, therefore the canteen vendors must sell products

according to its season.

3. The canteen vendors’ products must be satisfying towards to their

 25

customer therefore, the canteen vendors must know how to cope up the

difficulties they had encountered.

 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA

This chapter dealt with the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the

data gathered from the questionnaires.

Table 1. Difficulties Encountered by the Canteen Vendors

Difficulties Encountered Overall Mean Description
by the Canteen Vendors
Price 4.89 Always Observe

Product 4.63 Always Observe

Space 4.66 Always Observe

Total 4.73 Always Observe

Table 1 Presented difficulties encountered by the canteen vendors. It

showed that the price, product and the space was always observe in their

difficulty. The price got the highest mean of 4.89. This implies that the canteen

vendors must lower the prices of their products in order for the customers could

afford to buy. The overall mean was 4.73 which means that, the canteen vendors

always encountered difficulties in terms in terms of price, product and space

described as always observed. According to Mia Abayon (2014), a lot of students

complain about the price of the products.

 20

Table 2. Daily Business Outcome

Implication of the daily Overall Mean Description

business outcome

Sales by piece 3.96 Often Observe

Profit 3.33 Sometimes Observe

Total 3.65 Often Observe

Table 2 Presented the implication of the daily business outcome of the

canteen vendors in Labangal National High School. The result showed that the

sales by piece got the highest mean of 3.96 described as often observe.

According to Jamjam (2011) the system records the number of items sold as

items is purchased. When the items are purchased by the consumer, the point-

of-sale system reduces the inventory from that purchase return points of view.
 21

Table 3. Relationship Between the Difficulties Encountered by the Canteen

Vendors
Items _ Computed Description t t Remark

Correlated R Computed Tabulated

X

difficulties

encountere

d by the 4.73
Marked or n= 20
canteen
+0.57 Moderately +7.74 a= 0.05 Significant
vendors
df= 18
Correlated
daily t= +1.73

business 3.65

outcome

Table 3. Presented the relationship between the difficulties encountered by the

canteen vendors and their daily business outcome. The result showed that there

is significant relationship between difficulties encountered by the vendors and the

daily business outcome, since the computed t (7.74) is greater than the tabulated

value (1.73). This led to the rejection of null hypothesis. This revealed that

whatever problems encountered by the canteen vendors it affects the status of

their daily business outcome. This was confirmed in the study of Jun, Yang, and

Kim (2015) claimed that they identified the key underlying dimensions of
 22

difficulties that are encountered as perceived by the school canteen. The

findings showed that the access of the management of school canteen had a

significant effect on their maximized profit.

 26
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bd1fadb5de136eb952a79cd.pdf
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 27
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 iii
Abstract

The study was conducted to know the difficulties encountered by the

canteen vendors and its implication to their daily business outcome. The

researchers used descriptive quantitative design. The data were collected

through survey questionnaires from twenty canteen vendors of Labangal National

High School. The researchers used weighted mean and Pearson R correlation

coefficient were used to determine the relationship between the difficulties

encountered by the canteen vendors to their daily business outcome. The

findings revealed that among the problems encountered, price obtained the

highest mean described as always observe. In their daily business outcome, the

sales by piece obtained the highest mean described as often observed and the

profit obtained the lowest mean described as sometimes observe. The canteen

vendors usually encountered the difficulties in the price and the sales by piece.

Based on the conclusions, it was recommended that the canteen vendors must

sell their products according to its season and also the canteen vendors must

know how to cope up the difficulties that they may encounter.

 34
APPENDIX D

Pearson Moment Correlation (rxy)

Rxy=¿ ¿

[20 ( 345.87 )−( 91.65 )( 76.47 ) ]

¿
√[20 ( 425.23 )− ( 91.65 ) ][20 ( 304.62 )−( 76.47 ) ]
2 2

6917.4−7,008.4755
¿
√ [ 8504.6−8399.7225 ] [6092.4−5,847.6609]

−91.0755
¿
√(104,8775)(244.7391)

−91.0755
¿
√25,667.62495

−91.0755
¿
160.2111886

=
+ 0.57