Source: Chatgpt

Step 2: Detailed Layer 3 Optimization for Ericsson

1. RRC Connection Management

RRC connection setup is the process that initiates a connection between the UE (User
Equipment) and the eNodeB (LTE base station). If this step fails, the UE cannot establish a
connection, which impacts the user experience.

Key Timers/Parameters for RRC Setup:

1. T300 (RRC Connection Request Retransmission Timer)

o Default Value: 200 ms
o Meaning: Defines how long the UE waits for an RRC Connection Setup
message after sending the RRC Connection Request. If the UE doesn’t receive a
response within this time, it retransmits the request.
o Optimization:
 Increase T300: If there is network congestion, increasing T300 (e.g., 500
ms) can help reduce the number of RRC Connection Request failures by
allowing more time for the eNodeB to respond.
 Decrease T300: If there is no congestion but high latency in the response,
lowering T300 can help detect issues quickly and retry the connection
process sooner.
2. RRC Connection Setup Success Rate
o Related Parameter: maxRetxThreshold (Maximum number of RRC connection
request retransmissions).
o Default Value: 3 (for 3 retries)
o Meaning: Defines how many times the UE will retransmit the RRC Connection
Request message.
o Optimization:
 Increase maxRetxThreshold: In high-latency environments or when
there are intermittent network issues, increasing the retries can improve
connection success rates.
3. SIB2 Timer (T300 Timer Control via SIB2)
o Default Value: Depends on configuration
o Meaning: SIB2 (System Information Block 2) contains the information that
defines the RACH (Random Access Channel) configuration, which includes
timing and retransmission for the initial connection request.
o Optimization:
 Adjust the preambleTransMax (maximum number of preamble
transmissions) to fine-tune the balance between retry attempts and
connection delays.
2. Handover Management

Handover procedures in LTE Layer 3 are crucial for maintaining service continuity as the UE
moves between eNodeBs. Handover optimization can reduce dropped connections and improve
service quality.

Key Events and Parameters for Handover Optimization:

1. Event A3 (Best Cell Handover)

o Definition: Event A3 is triggered when a neighboring cell becomes better than the
serving cell by a certain margin (called the hysteresis).
o Parameters:
 A3 Offset: Default value varies, typically between 3 to 5 dB.
 Meaning: The A3 offset defines the threshold by which the neighbor cell's
signal strength must exceed the serving cell's signal to trigger a handover.
 Optimization:
 Decrease A3 Offset: If you are experiencing delayed handovers
(leading to radio link failures), decreasing the A3 offset (e.g., from
5 dB to 3 dB) may trigger handovers sooner.
 Increase A3 Offset: In cases of ping-pong handovers, increasing
the offset (e.g., from 3 dB to 6 dB) can reduce unnecessary
handovers between neighboring cells.
2. T304 (Handover Execution Timer)
o Default Value: 50 ms – 100 ms (typical for Ericsson networks)
o Meaning: Defines the time allowed for the UE to wait before initiating the
handover once the handover command is received from the source eNodeB.
o Optimization:
 Decrease T304: If there are delays in handover completion or if users
experience handover failures, you can decrease the T304 timer (e.g., from
100 ms to 50 ms) to speed up the handover process.
 Increase T304: If the network has high latency or congestion, increasing
T304 (e.g., to 150 ms) allows more time for successful handover
execution.
3. T310 (Radio Link Failure Detection Timer)
o Default Value: 1 second
o Meaning: This timer defines the time period the UE waits before declaring a
radio link failure when it detects poor signal quality from the serving cell (based
on RSRP or SINR measurements).
o Optimization:
 Decrease T310: Reducing T310 (e.g., from 1 second to 500 ms) can
improve recovery time in case of handover failures but may also increase
the likelihood of false radio link failure (RLF) detections.
 Increase T310: In a network with temporary signal drops or interference,
increasing T310 (e.g., to 2 seconds) helps prevent unnecessary handovers
caused by brief fluctuations in signal quality.
4. N310 (Number of Consecutive "Out-of-Sync" Indicators)
o Default Value: 2
 oMeaning: Defines the number of consecutive "out-of-sync" indications the UE
needs to receive before starting the T310 timer.
o Optimization:
 Increase N310: If temporary network fluctuations are leading to false
handovers, increase N310 (e.g., to 4 or 5) to prevent the UE from entering
failure mode too quickly.
 Decrease N310: If handovers are frequently delayed due to poor radio
conditions, decreasing N310 (e.g., to 1) can improve responsiveness to
signal degradation.
5. T311 (RRC Connection Reestablishment Timer)
o Default Value: 10 seconds
o Meaning: T311 is the time period the UE waits for RRC reestablishment after
declaring a radio link failure.
o Optimization:
 Decrease T311: If you notice long recovery times after a radio link
failure, reducing T311 (e.g., to 5 seconds) can shorten the recovery time.
 Increase T311: In high-interference environments, increasing T311 (e.g.,
to 15 seconds) gives the UE more time to successfully reconnect before
declaring complete failure.

3. RRC Reestablishment

When a radio link failure occurs, the RRC reestablishment procedure is used to recover the
connection, either with the serving or a neighboring eNodeB.

Key Timers/Parameters for RRC Reestablishment:

1. T311 (RRC Reestablishment Timer)

o Default Value: 10 seconds (similar to handover context)
o Meaning: The UE waits for this time period before declaring a radio link failure
and initiating a connection reestablishment.
o Optimization:
 Decrease T311 for faster reestablishment in case of frequent RLF.
2. RLF Reestablishment Attempts
o Meaning: Specifies how many times the UE should attempt to reestablish a
connection with the serving cell before declaring failure and moving to idle mode.
o Optimization:
 Increase the number of reestablishment attempts to improve recovery rates
in congested networks.

4. Paging and System Information Parameters

Paging ensures that the network can reach the UE while it’s in idle mode. Optimizing paging
settings is critical for balancing network load and power consumption at the UE side.

Key Paging Parameters:

1. Paging Cycle:
o Default Value: 32, 64, 128, or 256 radio frames (varies by configuration)
o Meaning: Defines how frequently the UE listens for paging messages from the
eNodeB.
o Optimization:
 Decrease Paging Cycle: Lower values (e.g., 32 or 64) can improve the
UE's responsiveness to incoming calls or messages, but increase power
consumption.
 Increase Paging Cycle: Higher values (e.g., 128 or 256) reduce the
paging load on the network and UE power consumption, but may cause
delays in notifications.
2. Paging Occasion:
o Meaning: Refers to the specific time slot during which a UE expects to receive a
paging message.
o Optimization:
 Adjust Paging Occasion: Ensuring that paging occasions are properly
spaced across the network reduces paging collisions and network
congestion in high-density areas.

Summary of Key Timers/Parameters for Ericsson LTE Layer 3 Optimization:

Default
Parameter Description Optimization Suggestion
Value
Time to wait for RRC Increase in congested networks, decrease
T300 200 ms
Connection Setup response. in fast-response networks.
Timer for UE to wait before Adjust for latency in handovers, lower
T304 50-100 ms
handover execution. for faster hand