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Repository Pattern, Exception Handling, and
RestTemplate in Spring Boot
Repository Pattern
The Repository Pattern is a design pattern that provides an abstraction over data storage
mechanisms. It allows you to separate the data access logic from the business logic, making your
application more modular and easier to test.
Implementation
In Spring Boot, the Repository Pattern is implemented using Spring Data JPA\/Here's a step-by-step
guide to implementing the Repository Pattern,
1, Define the Entity
eentity
public class User {
exd
@Gener atedvalue( strategy,
private Long 4d;
Generation Type. IDENTITY)
private String name;
private String emaiy
// Getters (and, setters
2. Create the Repository Interface
import org .sprangframework data. jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository {
J# Custom query methods can be defined here
Optional findByEmail(String email);
3, Service Layer
eService
public class UserService { eAutowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
public User createUser(User user) {
return userRepository.save(user)
public Optional getUserById(Long id) {
return userRepository.findayEd(id) ;
public Optaonal getUserByémail(String email) {
return userRepository.findiyEmail (email)
public void deleteUser(Long 4d) {
userRepository.delevebyid(id) ;
4. Controller Layer
@RestController
@RequestNapping(" /users”)
public class UserController {
Autowired
private UserService userSerVice;
ePostNapping
public ResponseEntity createUser(@RequestBody User user) {
User ¢reteduser = userService.createUser(user) ;
return new ResponseEntity<>(createdUser, HttpStatus .CREATED) ;
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public Responsaéntity gotUserById(ePathVariable Long id) {
Optional user = userService .getUser8yId(i¢) ;
return user.map(ResponseEntity: :ok) .orElseGet(() -> new ResponseEntity<
@Delet Mapping ( */{id}")
public ResponseEntity deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) (
userService.deleteUser(id) ;
return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT) ; Exception Handling
Handling exceptions properly is crucial for building robust applications. Spring Boot pri
several ways to handle exceptions.
Global Exception Handling
1. Create Custom Exceptions
public class UserNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {
public UserNotFoundException(String message) (
‘super (message) ;
2, Create a Global Exception Handi
e@Controlleradvice
public class GlobaLExceptionHandler ¢
@Excep tionHandler (UserNotFoundExéeption class)
public ResponseEntity harid] ell serNotFoundExcep tion (UserNatFoundExcep
return new ResponseEntity*?(ex.getMessage(), HttpStatus .NOT_FOUND)
@Excep tionHandler (Exceptiion.cless)
public ResponseEntitysString> handleGeneralexception(Exception ex) (
returg/ReWResponseEntity<>(ex.getMessage(), HttpStatus . INTERNAL_SERVER,
3. Throwing Custom Exceptions
eService
public class UserService {
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository ;
public User createUser(User user) (
return userRepository.save(user);
public Optional getUserById(Long id) {
return userRepository. findById(4d) orElseThrow(() -> new UserNotFoundEx: public Optdonal getUserByémail(String email) {
return userRepository.findayémail (email) ;
public void deleteUser(Long id) {
userRepository.deleteById(id) ;
RestTemplate
RestTemplate is a synchronous client to perform HTTP requests in Spring Boot. It simplifies
communication with HTTP servers and enforces RESTful principles.
Usage
1. Configure RestTemplate Bean
@Confaguration
public class AppConfig {
Bean
public RestTemplate restTewplate()
return new RestTemplate() ?
2. Using RestTemplate
eService
public class ExternalService {
eAutowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
public User getUserFronExternalService(Long id) {
String url = “http
ResponseEntity response = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, User.cla
return response ..getBody();
//external-service.com/users/* + id;
public User createUserInExternalService(User user) {
String url = “https: //external-service.com/users" ;
ResponseEntity response = restTemplate.postforEntity(url, user, U
return response. get@ody(); return response .getBody();
Example of GET and POST Requests
1. GET Request
public User getUser(Long id) {
String url = “https: //api.example.com/users/* + id;
return restTemplate.getFor0bject(url, User.class);
2. POST Request
public User createUser(User user) {
String url = “https: //api.example.com/user:
return restTemplate.postFor0bject (url, usér)\USer.class) ;
Conclusion
Understanding and implementing the Repository Pattern, Exception Handling, and RestTemplate in
Spring Boot can greatly enhance your pplication's modularity, robustness, and maintainability. By
following these best practi¢es, you can build scalable and efficient Spring Boot applications.
