AIM: Blockchain application Development with Ethereum.

THEORY:
1. Sol Compiler, Bytecode and ABI
Sol Compiler Solidity is one of the languages that is used to author smart contracts. Smart
contracts will be dealt with in detail in the following chapters. The code written using Solidity is
compiled using a Solidity compiler, which outputs byte code and other artifacts needed for
deployment of smart contracts. Earlier, Solidity was part of the Geth installation, however, it has
moved out of Geth and should be deployed using its own installation. The Solidity compiler also
known as sole can be installed using npm:
npm install -g solc
ByteCode- It is the information that our Solidity code gets "translated" into. It contains
instructions to the computer in binary. Bytecode is generally compact numeric codes, constants,
and other pieces of information. Each instruction step is an operation which is referred to as
"opcodes," which are typically one-byte (eight-bits) long. This is why they're called "bytecode"
one-byte opcodes. Every line of code that is written gets broken down into opcodes so that the
computer knows exactly what to do when running our code. In the Ethereum world, the
bytecode is actually what gets deployed to the Ethereum blockchain. When we deploy to an
Ethereum network and confirm the transaction using a browser-based wallet like Metamask, we
can actually see the bytecode that gets deployed.

ABI- ABI are basically sets of methods, functions, variables, and constants that you can use to
interact with a library, a network endpoint, a backend service, or other software services and
applications. APls are a way to expose the functionality of a piece of software in a controlled,
stable, and intuitive way. APIs define the ways in which two pieces of software can interact with
each other through an interface. ABIs are application binary interfaces. They define the
methods and variables that are available in a smart contract and which we can use to interact
with that smart contract. Since smart contracts are converted into bytecode before they get
deployed to the blockchain, we need a way to know what operations and interactions we can
initiate with them, and we need a standardized way to express those interfaces so that any
programming language can be used to interact with smart contracts. While JavaScript is the
most commonly used language for interacting with smart contracts you can interact with a
smart contract using any coding language as long as you have the ABI for that smart contract
and a library to help you communicate with any one node to give you an entry point into the
Ethereum network.
2. What is Ganache?
Ganache Ganache is a personal blockchain for rapid Ethereum and Corda distributed application
development. You can use Ganache across the entire development cycle; enabling you to
develop, deploy, and test your dApps in a safe and deterministic environment. Ganache comes
in two flavors: a Ul and CLL. Ganache Ul is a desktop application supporting bothEthereum and
Corda technology. Our more robust command-line tool, ganache, is available for Ethereum
development.
3.Use of Ganache and its alternative
Use of Ganache - Ganache is used for setting up a personal Ethereum Blockchain for testing your
Solidity contracts. It provides more features when compared to Remix. You will learn about the
features when you work out with Ganache. Before you begin using Ganache, you must first
download and install the Blockchain on your local machine.
Ahernative of Ganache Hardhat is a development environment for testing, deploying. compiling,
and debugging Ethereum-based dApps. This means that, just like Ganache, Hardhat can help
developers with some of the inherent tasks to Web3 development. Hardhat focuses on Solidity
debugging, which makes it ideal for developing EthereumdApps. As such, the network features
some great functionalities such as Solidity stack traces, automatic error messages, and the
Hardhat network.
4. Steps to set up Local Blockchain Application Development Environment.
a. Installing Metamask - MetaMask is a web browser extension that can be installed on Google
Chrome, FireFox, Opera, or Brave. End users can use the extension to interface with smart
contracts. The MetaMask browser extension automatically imports the Web3 object as global
JavaScript variable on every webpage the user visits. It uses the HTTP provider which is selected
in the pictured drop down menu.
b. Installing the Solidity Compiler (solc) - Before you deploy a smart contract to an Ethereum
network (or your localhost), you must first compile it to bytecode. This turns your program into
machine-readable opcodes that Ethereum nodes understand how to execute. In addition to
bytecode, the Solidity compiler also produces an ABI (application binary interface). This is a
JSON object that maps to your bytecode. Web3.js (and other frameworks) can do JSON RPC
using the ABI, and the address of your smart contract. Think of the ABI as the bridge between
Web2 and Web3.
c. Installing Web3.js - Web3.js is a popular library for interfacing with the Ethereum blockchain.
To use it in a web page, you can import the library directly using a CDN like JSDeliver.
d. Ganache CLI - It is an essential tool for Ethereum development and testing. You can easily
spin-up your own instance of Ethereum on your local machine with 1 terminal command. When
you boot up Ganache, it gives you 10 Ethereum wallets that each contain 100 fake ETH. You can
use this test net ETH to test smart contracts on your localhost blockchain.
After all the dependencies are downloaded then we are ready to build our first app.
1. Create a directory on your local machine for your DApp project files. You can do this on the
command line.
mkdir first-ethereum-
dapp cd first-ethereum-
dapp/
2. After the directory is ready we are now able to write our smart contract inside the directory.
3. Compile the written smart contract.
4. Configuring the project and local development environment in which there is a build folder
containing 2 files. One contains the contract bytecode, and the other contains the contract ABI.
5.Now that we have our own test blockchain running on our local machine, we can deploy the
contract we built carlier. In your first command line window, make a new file called deploy js
And then you can continue creating your first application or website that is actually working co
the blockchain.

Implementation of Smart Contract:

CONCLUSION
Solidity is one of the most important programming languages that has been developed when it
comes to blockchain technology. With the help of the above we are able to learn about the
ganache provider, the environment. Ganache is a personalized blockchain for Ethereum
development.