Conditionals
Zero Conditional
If*+ Present Simple + Present Simple/Imperative
*When, as long as, while, whereas,...
We talk about facts, something that happens for sure or recommendations/orders:
“ If it rains you don't need to water the plants”
“If he doesn't get better, take him to the doctor”
First Conditional
If/Unless* + Present Simple + Future Simple (Will + base form)
*When, as long as, while, whereas,...
We talk about something that is really likely (probable) to happen:
“You will pass the exam if you study hard”
Second Conditional
If/Unless + Past Simple + Conditional Simple (Would* + base form)
*could, might, should/ought to
We talk about unreal, hypothetical situations; wishes and to give advice:
“I would go to the doctor if I were you”
“If I had time I would visit you next weekend, but I am really busy”
“ I would go with you if I could” “If I had money I could/might buy a new car”
Third Conditional
If+ Past Perfect + Conditional Perfect (Would* + have + past participle)
*could, might, should/ought to
We talk about things that happened in the past and we regret we had(n't) done it differently. They
always talk about something impossible because you cannot go back in time.
“If I had studied more I would have passed all my exams, but I didn't”
“I would have visited you if I had known you were ill”
NOTES:
- We can use modals (can, could, may, might, should, must... ) or semimodals (needn't,
have to, be able to.. ) in any of these conditionals, taking into account its tense
- When we use “to be” in the second conditional we often use “were” (not “was”)
- The order in which we find the structures is not important, you can start with the “if”
clause or with the main clause, but never mix them
CONDITIONALS
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1) (First) If we (not/work) harder, we (not/pass) the exam...
2) (Third) If the students (not/be) late for the exam, they
(pass)...
3) (Third) If the weather (not/be) so cold, we (go) to the beach...
4) (Second) If she (have) her laptop with her, she (email) me...
5) (First) If she (not/go) to the meeting, I (not/go) either...
6) (Third ) If the baby (sleep) better last night, I (not/be) so tired...
7) (First) If the teacher (give) us lots of homework this weekend, I
(not/be) happy...
8) (Second) If Lucy (have) enough time, she (travel) more...
9) (First) If the children (not/eat) soon, they (be) grumpy...
10) (First) If I (not/go) to bed soon, I (be) tired in the morning...
11) (Second) If I (want) a new car, I (buy) one...
12) (Second) If José (not/speak) good French, he (not/move) to
Paris...
13) (First) If John (drink) too much coffee, he (get) ill...
14) (Third) If we (tidy) our flat, we (not/lose) our keys...
15) (Third) If Luke (not/send) flowers to his mother, she
(not/be) happy...
16) (Second) If the children (be) in bed, I (be able to) have a
bath...
17) (Second) If you (not/be) so stubborn, we (not/have) so many
arguments...
18) (Third) If Julie (not/go) to Sweden, she (go) to Germany...
19) (First) If she (go) to the library, she (study) more...
20) (Third) If we (not/have) an argument, we (not/be) late...
21) (Second) If you (arrive) early, it (be) less stressful...
22) (Third) If I (not/go) to the party, I (not/meet) Amanda...
23) (Second) If Julie (like) chocolate, I (give) her some...
24) (Second) If Luke (live) in the UK, I (see) him more
often..
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